User’s Guide Agilent Technologies 8560 E-Series and EC-Series Spectrum Analyzers Manufacturing Part Number: 08560-90158 Printed in USA November 2000 © Copyright 1990 − 2000 Agilent Technologies
Notice Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. All Rights Reserved.
CAUTION Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. WARNING This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earth ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall be inserted only in a socket outlet provided with a protected earth contact.
Warranty This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products that prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies.
Contents 1. Quick Start Guide What You'll Find in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Initial Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turning the Spectrum Analyzer On for the First Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Making a Basic Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents 6. Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Cross Reference Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340 Front Panel Key Versus Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341 Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352 7. Language Reference Language Reference Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents CHANPWR Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHANNEL Channel Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHPWRBW Channel Power Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CLRW Clear Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents MKCHEDGE Marker to Channel Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510 MKD Marker Delta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511 MKDELCHBW Delta Markers to Channel Power Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513 MKDR Reciprocal of Marker Delta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514 MKF Marker Frequency .
Contents SER Serial Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SIGID Signal Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SNGLS Single Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SP Frequency Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Servicing the Spectrum Analyzer Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .678 Calling Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679 Returning Your Spectrum Analyzer for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680 Serial Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figures Figure 1-1 . Accessories Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 1-2 . Selecting the Correct Line Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Figure 1-3 . 300 MHz Calibration Signal Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Figure 1-4 . Softkey Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figures Figure 2-33 . Decrease the resolution bandwidth to improve sensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Figure 2-34 . Manual tracking adjustment compensates for tracking error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Figure 2-35 . Guided calibration routines prompt the user. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Figure 2-36 . The thru trace is displayed in trace B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Figure 2-37 . Normalized Trace . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figures Figure 2-78 . Resolution Bandwidth Filter Charge-Up Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Figure 2-79 . Gate Positioning Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Figure 2-80 . Pulsed-RF Signal in Time Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Figure 2-81 . Display of Zero-Span without Sweep Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Figure 2-82 .
Figures Figure 5-3 . Output Statement Example (II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5-4 . Output Statement Example (III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5-5 . Invalid Trace Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5-6 . Updated Trace Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5-7 .
Figures Figure 7-36 . ACPT Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Figure 7-37 . ACPT Query Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Figure 7-38 . ACPUPPER Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Figure 7-39 . ACPUPPER Query Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figures Figure 7-81 . CNVLOSS Query Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7-82 . CONTS Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7-83 . COUPLE Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7-84 . COUPLE Query Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7-85 .
Figures Figure 7-126 . GD Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 Figure 7-127 . GD Query Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 Figure 7-128 . GL Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 Figure 7-129 . GL Query Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figures Figure 7-171 . MKN Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7-172 . MKN Query Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7-173 . MKNOISE Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7-174 . MKNOISE Query Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7-175 .
Figures Figure 7-216 . PWRBW Query Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 Figure 7-217 . RB Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 Figure 7-218 . RB Query Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 Figure 7-219 . RBR Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figures Figure 7-261 . SS Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7-262 . SS Query Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7-263 . ST Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7-264 . ST Query Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 Quick Start Guide 21
Quick Start Guide What You'll Find in This Chapter What You'll Find in This Chapter • How to Use This Guide • Differences between 8560 E-Series and EC-Series Instruments • Initial Inspection • Turning the Spectrum Analyzer On for the First Time • Making a Basic Measurement • Setting Reference Level Calibration • Front Panel Overview • Rear Panel Overview • Cleaning the Instrument • Safety Considerations • Documentation Description How to Use This Guide Where to Start If you are familiar with spectrum anal
Quick Start Guide What You'll Find in This Chapter This manual uses the following conventions: Front-Panel Key This font represents either a hard key, which is physically located on the instrument, or a softkey, whose label is determined by the instrument’s firmware. Screen Text This font indicates text displayed on the instrument's screen.
Quick Start Guide What You'll Find in This Chapter Introducing Your New Spectrum Analyzer Table 1-1 Spectrum Analyzer Operating Range Spectrum Analyzer Amplitude Range Frequency Range 8560E/EC −145 dBm to +30 dBm 30 Hz to 2.9 GHz 8561E/EC −145 dBm to +30 dBm 30 Hz to 6.5 GHz 8562E/EC −148 dBm to +30 dBm 30 Hz to 13.2 GHz 8563E/EC −148 dBm to +30 dBm 9 kHz to 26.5 GHz 30 Hz to 26.
Quick Start Guide Initial Inspection Initial Inspection Inspect the shipping container upon receipt. Retain it and the cushioning materials. If the container or cushioning material is damaged, verify that the contents are complete and that the analyzer functions correctly mechanically and electrically. If the contents are incomplete or the analyzer fails the verification tests in the calibration guide, notify one of the Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices listed in Table 9-2 on page 672.
Quick Start Guide Initial Inspection Part Numbers of Accessories Supplied Item Part Number Front cover 5063-0274 Mass memory module 85620A (not included with Option 104) BNC cable, 23 cm (9 in.
Quick Start Guide Initial Inspection Figure 1-1 Accessories Supplied * See Figure 9-2 on page 672 for part numbers.
Quick Start Guide Turning the Spectrum Analyzer On for the First Time Turning the Spectrum Analyzer On for the First Time The spectrum analyzer requires no installation other than connection to an ac power source. If you want to install your spectrum analyzer into an System II cabinet or a standard 19 inch (486.2 mm) equipment rack, complete instructions are provided with the Option 908 and Option 909 Rack mounting Kits.
Quick Start Guide Turning the Spectrum Analyzer On for the First Time 1. Press LINE to turn the analyzer on. 2. The analyzer takes about half a minute to perform a series of self-diagnostic and adjustment routines. At completion, the screen displays the analyzer model number and the firmware date (for example, 890802 indicates August 2, 1989).
Quick Start Guide Making a Basic Measurement Making a Basic Measurement A basic measurement involves tuning the spectrum analyzer to place a signal on the screen, then measuring the frequency and amplitude of the signal with a marker. We can measure an input signal in four simple steps. 1. Set the center frequency. 2. Set the frequency span. 3. Activate the marker. 4. Set the amplitude. As an example, we will measure the front panel 300 MHz calibration signal. First, switch on the spectrum analyzer.
Quick Start Guide Making a Basic Measurement Connect a short cable from the analyzer CAL OUTPUT connector to the INPUT 50 Ω connector (both connectors are on the front panel of the spectrum analyzer). Then perform the following steps: 1. Set the center frequency. a. Press FREQUENCY. This activates the center frequency function, indicated by CENTER appearing in the active function block on the left side of the display (see Figure 1-5 on page 32). It also brings up a menu of other frequency functions.
Quick Start Guide Making a Basic Measurement Figure 1-5 300 MHz Center Frequency 2. Set the frequency span. a. Press SPAN. Note that SPAN is now displayed in the active function block, identifying it as the current active function. b. To reduce the frequency span—for example, to 20 MHz—either press 20 MHz on the data keypad, or use the ⇓ key to "step down" to this value. (Like data keys, step keys can also be used to change the numeric value of the active function.
Quick Start Guide Making a Basic Measurement Figure 1-6 20 MHz Frequency Span 3. Activate the marker. a. Press MKR, which is located in the MARKER section of the front panel. This activates the normal marker and places it at the center of the trace (in this case, at or near the peak of the signal). The marker reads both the frequency and the amplitude, and displays these values in the active function block. In this case, the marker reads 300.00 MHz and −10.00 dBm, as shown in Figure 1-7 on page 33. b.
Quick Start Guide Making a Basic Measurement 4. Set the amplitude. a. Generally, placing the signal peak at the reference level provides the best measurement accuracy. To adjust the signal peak to the reference level ( Figure 1-8), press AMPLITUDE. Then key in −10 dBm, or use either the step keys or the knob. Using the knob is the easiest way to fine-tune the signal peak to the reference level, which is located at the top of the graticule. b.
Quick Start Guide Reference Level Calibration Reference Level Calibration Recalibrating the reference level is usually necessary only when the ambient temperature changes more than 10 degrees Celsius. Because the spectrum analyzer continually monitors and reduces any IF errors, executing the reference-level calibration is seldom necessary. The reference-level calibration function REF LVL ADJ allows the analyzer internal gain to be adjusted.
Quick Start Guide Front Panel Overview Front Panel Overview Figure 1-10 Front Panel of an 8560 E-Series or EC- Series Spectrum Analyzer 1. FREQUENCY, SPAN, and AMPLITUDE are the fundamental functions for most measurements. The HOLD key freezes the active function and holds it at the current value until a function key is pressed. 2. INSTRUMENT STATE functions affect the state of the entire spectrum analyzer, not just the state of a single function. 3.
Quick Start Guide Front Panel Overview 6. The front-panel connectors include an RF input, an active-probe power, a 300 MHz calibrator signal, a 310.7 MHz IF input, and a first LO output. Table 1-2 has a short specification summary of these connectors. The IF input is not available with the 8560E/EC, Option 002. A volume knob is provided for making adjustments to the volume of the built-in speaker. The LINE button turns the spectrum analyzer on and off.
Quick Start Guide Front Panel Overview Table 1-2 Connector Frequency Range Amplitude/ Voltage Limits INPUT 50 Ω 8560E/EC: 30 Hz–2.9 GHz (dc coupled) 100 kHz–2.9 GHz (ac coupled) 8561E/EC: 30 Hz–6.5 GHz (dc coupled) 100 kHz–6.5 GHz (ac coupled) 8562E/EC: 30 Hz–13.2 GHz (dc coupled) 100 kHz–13.2 GHz (ac coupled) 8563E/EC: 9 kHz–26.5 GHz (dc coupled) 30 Hz–26.
Quick Start Guide Front Panel Overview Display Annotation Figure 1-11 Display Annotation 1. Number of video averages. 2. Logarithmic or linear amplitude scale per division. 3. Marker amplitude and frequency. 4. Title area. 5. Data invalid indicator, displayed when analyzer settings are changed before completion of a full sweep. 6. Menu title and softkey menu. 7. Error message area. 8. Frequency span or stop frequency. 9. Sweep time. 10.
Quick Start Guide Front Panel Overview 14.Active special functions: the following characters appear in a vertical line alongside the graticule. This information is also available by pressing DISPLAY, then ANNOT HELP. Table 1-3 A= IF adjust turned OFF C= DC coupling selected (The 8563E/EC, 8564E/EC, and 8565E/EC are always dc coupled. AC coupling is available only for an 8560E/EC, 8561E/EC or 8562E/EC spectrum analyzers. The default setting for an 8560E/EC, 8561E/EC or 8562E/EC is ac coupling.
Quick Start Guide Rear Panel Overview Rear Panel Overview The rear panels of the E-series and EC-series are identical except the earjack on the E-series instruments is located at J1 (see 2, Figure 1-12) while on EC-series instruments, the earjack is located at J7 (see 15, Figure 1-13). EC-series instruments have a VGA port at J1, while E-series instruments do not have a VGA port.
Quick Start Guide Rear Panel Overview CAUTION To prevent damage to the instrument, be sure to set the voltage selector to the appropriate value for your local line-voltage output. For more information, refer to the "If You Have A Problem" chapter. 1. J4 VIDEO OUTPUT provides a detected video signal that is proportional to the vertical deflection of the trace on the display. The output range is 0 V to 1 V when terminated in 50 Ω. It can be used when the display is in 10 dB/div or LINEAR mode.
Quick Start Guide Rear Panel Overview 7. X POSN, Y POSN, and TRACE ALIGN on 8560 E-series instruments allow you to align the spectrum analyzer display of using a special CRT pattern. Refer to the softkey CRT ADJ PATTERN under the CAL menu, or consult the service guide for your model of spectrum analyzer. 8560 EC-Series instruments are not adjustable. 8.
Quick Start Guide Assistance Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Agilent Technologies products. For any assistance, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office. Cleaning The instrument front and rear panels should be cleaned using a soft cloth with water or a mild soap and water mixture. Safety Symbols The following safety symbols are used throughout this manual.
Quick Start Guide General Safety Considerations General Safety Considerations WARNING Before this instrument is switched on, make sure it has been properly grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a socket outlet provided with protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal can result in personal injury.
Quick Start Guide 8560 E-Series and EC-Series Spectrum Analyzer Documentation Description 8560 E-Series and EC-Series Spectrum Analyzer Documentation Description User's Guide The 8560 E-Series and EC-Series User's Guide applies to the 8560E/EC, 8561E/EC, 8562E/EC, 8563E/EC, 8564E/EC, and 8565E/EC spectrum analyzers.
Quick Start Guide Manuals Available Separately Manuals Available Separately Service Guide The service guide provides information for servicing an instrument to the assembly level. The manual includes instrument adjustments, troubleshooting, major assembly replaceable parts lists, and replacement procedures. For ordering information, contact a Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office. This manual is not always immediately available for new products.
Quick Start Guide Manuals Available Separately 48 Chapter 1
2 Making Measurements 49
Making Measurements Making Measurements Making Measurements This chapter demonstrates spectrum analyzer measurement techniques with examples of typical applications. Each application focuses on different features of the Agilent 8560 E-Series and EC-Series spectrum analyzers.
Making Measurements Example 1: Resolving Closely Spaced Signals (with Resolution Bandwidth) Example 1: Resolving Closely Spaced Signals (with Resolution Bandwidth) What Is Resolution Bandwidth? Signal resolution is determined by the intermediate frequency (IF) filter bandwidth. The spectrum analyzer traces the shape of its IF filter as it tunes past a signal.
Making Measurements Example 1: Resolving Closely Spaced Signals (with Resolution Bandwidth) To resolve two signals with a frequency separation of 2 kHz, a 1 kHz resolution bandwidth again must be used (see Figure 2-2). Since the spectrum analyzer uses bandwidths in a 1, 3, 10 sequence, the next larger filter, 3 kHz, would exceed the 2 kHz separation and thus would not resolve the signals. Keep in mind that noise sidebands (phase noise) can also affect resolution.
Making Measurements Example 1: Resolving Closely Spaced Signals (with Resolution Bandwidth) Stepping Through a Measurement of Two Signals of Unequal Amplitude This example resolves a third-order intermodulation distortion product with a frequency separation of 700 kHz and an amplitude separation of about 60 dB. 1. Connect two signal sources to the spectrum analyzer INPUT 50 Ω. Set the frequency of one source to 10 MHz and the other source to 10.7 MHz. Set both sources to an amplitude of about −10 dBm. 2.
Making Measurements Example 1: Resolving Closely Spaced Signals (with Resolution Bandwidth) Figure 2-3 Bandwidth Shape Factor Use a 100 kHz resolution bandwidth filter to resolve this third-order intermodulation distortion product. The 100 kHz filter has a typical shape factor of 12:1, a 60 dB bandwidth of 1.2 MHz, and a half-bandwidth value of 600 kHz. This half-bandwidth is narrower than the frequency separation, so the two input signals will be resolved. See Figure 2-4.
Making Measurements Example 1: Resolving Closely Spaced Signals (with Resolution Bandwidth) Figure 2-4 100 kHz Bandwidth Resolution Figure 2-5 300 kHz Bandwidth Resolution NOTE Spectrum analyzer sweep time is inversely proportional to the square of the resolution bandwidth, for bandwidths greater than or equal 300 Hz. So, if the resolution bandwidth is reduced by a factor of ten, the sweep time is increased by a factor of 100.
Making Measurements Example 2: Improving Amplitude Measurements with Ampcor Example 2: Improving Amplitude Measurements with Ampcor What Is Ampcor? The amplitude correction function is used to improve the amplitude accuracy of your measurement system. System flatness is often degraded by many things including cable and adapter losses. Additional systematic amplitude errors such as IF gain uncertainty, resolution bandwidth switching uncertainty, and attenuator switching uncertainty can also be corrected.
Making Measurements Example 2: Improving Amplitude Measurements with Ampcor Figure 2-6 Ampcor Measurement Setup Set up the measurement. 1. Zero and calibrate the power meter and power sensor. 2. Connect the source output to the power splitter input. Connect the system cable from the spectrum analyzer input to one of the power splitter outputs. Connect the power sensor to the other power splitter output. See Figure 2-6. 3. Set the source output to: CW ......................................................
Making Measurements Example 2: Improving Amplitude Measurements with Ampcor 6. On the spectrum analyzer, press CAL, MORE 1 OF 2, AMPCOR MENU, and EDIT AMPCOR. If there is a correction already loaded, purge it by pressing MORE 1 OF 2, DONE EDIT, PURGE CORR, PURGE DATA. (Or you can save the correction first and then purge it. Refer to the procedures that follow.) If data was purged, press EDIT AMPCOR again before continuing. Enter the correction points. 1.
Making Measurements Example 2: Improving Amplitude Measurements with Ampcor Using the ampcor data. 1. With ampcor on, the amplitude measured by the analyzer at the correction-point frequencies should agree with the power meter reading ±0.2 dB. This error is due primarily to the spectrum analyzer marker amplitude resolution, which ranges from 0.017 dB to 0.17 dB, depending upon the log scale selected. 2. If you want to turn off ampcor, press AMPCOR ON OFF so that OFF is selected.
Making Measurements Example 3: Modulation Example 3: Modulation What Is Modulation? Modulation is the act of translating some low frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, data) to a higher frequency. In the modulation process, some characteristic of a carrier signal (usually amplitude or frequency) is changed in direct proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of the baseband signal.
Making Measurements Example 3: Modulation Figure 2-7 An Amplitude-Modulated Signal NOTE Unequal amplitudes of the lower and upper sidebands indicate incidental FM on the input signal. Incidental FM can reduce the accuracy of percentage-of-modulation measurements.
Making Measurements Example 3: Modulation The following equation also determines percentage of modulation using amplitude units in volts: 2 A s × 100 M = ----------------------Ac where As = sideband amplitude, in volts Ac = carrier amplitude, in volts Frequency Modulation This section contains general information about frequency modulation, as well as a procedure for calculating FM deviation using a spectrum analyzer.
Making Measurements Example 3: Modulation 3. Figure 2-10 contains Bessel functions for determining modulation. (Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 on page 63 also contain modulation index numbers for carrier nulls and first sideband nulls.) Figure 2-10 Bessel Functions for Determining Modulation Index Table 2-1 Carrier Nulls and Modulation Indexes Order of Carrier Null Modulation Index 1 2.401 2 5.520 3 8.653 4 11.791 5 14.931 6 18.071 n (n > 6) 18.
Making Measurements Example 3: Modulation 4. Knowing that the desired deviation is 25 kHz, and choosing the modulation index of the first carrier null, calculate the modulating frequency as follows: 25kHz Modulating Frequency = ---------------2.401 Modulating Frequency = 10.412kHz 5. Set the modulation rate on the signal generator to 10.412 kHz. If the signal source doesn't have an accurate internal modulation source, use an external source.
Making Measurements Example 3: Modulation • Gradually change the modulation frequency (or change the amplitude of the modulation signal) and observe the changes in the displayed nulls. Figure 2-12 illustrates a frequency-modulated signal with a small modulation index (modulation index of about 0.2) as it appears on a spectrum analyzer. Figure 2-13 on page 66 and Figure 2-14 on page 66 illustrate larger modulation index values. In the first figure the null is at the carrier.
Making Measurements Example 3: Modulation Figure 2-13 FM Signal with Carrier at a Null Figure 2-14 FM Signal with First Sidebands at a Null NOTE Incidental AM from a source signal can cause the frequency null to shift, resulting in errors to the procedure above. Incidental AM is very low for most RF signal generators, but can be significant in microwave signal generators. Nonsymmetrical side lobes indicate the presence of incidental AM.
Making Measurements Example 4: Harmonic Distortion Example 4: Harmonic Distortion What Is Harmonic Distortion? Most transmitting devices and signal sources contain harmonics. Measuring the harmonic content of such sources is frequently required. In fact, measuring harmonic distortion is one of the most common uses of a spectrum analyzer. Harmonic distortion can be checked very quickly by using the measurement routine described below.
Making Measurements Example 4: Harmonic Distortion Figure 2-15 Input Signal and Harmonics 1. Set the video bandwidth to improve visibility by smoothing the noise: a. Press BW. b. Press VIDEO BW AUTO MAN until MAN is selected. c. Use the step down ⇓ key to select the video bandwidth. 2. For measurement accuracy, raise the peak of the fundamental to the reference level: a. Press PEAK SEARCH, MKR →, MARKER → REF LVL. The result is shown in Figure 2-16.
Making Measurements Example 4: Harmonic Distortion Figure 2-16 Peak of Signal is Positioned at Reference Level for Maximum Accuracy Place a second marker on the second harmonic 1. Set the peak threshold above the noise: a. Press PEAK SEARCH, MORE 1 OF 2, PEAK THRESHLD. b. Adjust the dashed line to a level above the noise using either the step keys or the knob. 2. Activate the second marker: a. Press PEAK SEARCH, MARKER DELTA, NEXT PK RIGHT.
Making Measurements Example 4: Harmonic Distortion Figure 2-17 Harmonic Distortion in dBc (marker threshold set to −70 dB) Find the harmonic distortion (method 1) The difference in amplitude between the fundamental and second harmonic shown in the figure is about −50 dB, or 0.33 percent harmonic distortion (see Figure 2-18). 1. To measure the third harmonic, press NEXT PK RIGHT again. Measure additional harmonics 1.
Making Measurements Example 4: Harmonic Distortion Figure 2-18 Percentage of Distortion versus Harmonic Amplitude Find the harmonic distortion (method 2) 1. Another easy way of determining the percent of distortion is to change the units to volts: a. Press AMPLITUDE, MORE 1 OF 3, AMPTD UNITS, VOLTS. The marker readout automatically changes to voltage units. b. To determine the percentage of distortion, use the ratio given by the marker and move the decimal point of this value two places to the right.
Making Measurements Example 4: Harmonic Distortion An Alternative Harmonic Measurement Method: Procedure B This method is somewhat longer, but because each signal is measured in a narrower span and resolution bandwidth, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, making the results more accurate. 1. Using the present setup, clear the markers from the screen by pressing MKR, MARKERS OFF. Notice that when MARKERS OFF or HOLD is pressed, the display expands to the full size of the screen, for easier viewing.
Making Measurements Example 4: Harmonic Distortion Figure 2-19 Input Signal Displayed in a 1 MHz Span Measure the second harmonic 1. Press MKR, MARKER DELTA, FREQUENCY, and the step up › key. This step retunes the spectrum analyzer center frequency to the second harmonic. 2. Adjust the harmonic to the reference level. (Note that the MARKER → REF LVL function is not available in marker-delta mode.) This displays the amplitude of the second harmonic as shown in Figure 2-20 on page 74.
Making Measurements Example 4: Harmonic Distortion Figure 2-20 Second Harmonic Displayed in dBc Percent of Harmonic Distortion The total percent of harmonic distortion of a signal is also measured frequently. For this measurement, the amplitude of each harmonic must be measured in linear units (for example, volts) instead of dBc. To display amplitude units in volts, press AMPLITUDE, MORE 1 OF 3, AMPTD UNITS, and VOLTS.
Making Measurements Example 5: Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion Example 5: Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion What Is Intermodulation Distortion? In crowded communication systems, signal interference of one device with another is a common problem. For example, two-tone, third-order intermodulation often is a problem in narrow-band systems.
Making Measurements Example 5: Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion Figure 2-21 Third-Order Intermodulation Test Setup 2. Set one source to 20 MHz and the other source to 21 MHz, for a frequency separation of 1 MHz. 3. Set the sources equal in amplitude (for this example, we have set the sources to −30 dBm). Reduce the frequency span 4. Tune both signals onto the display by setting the center frequency to 20.5 MHz. 5.
Making Measurements Example 5: Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion 8. To resolve the distortion products, reduce the resolution bandwidth until the distortion products are visible: a. Press BW. b. Use the step down ⇓ key to reduce the resolution bandwidth. 9. Reduce the video bandwidth, if necessary. 10.To make sure the input signals are equal in amplitude: a. Press PEAK SEARCH, MARKER DELTA, and NEXT PEAK. b.
Making Measurements Example 5: Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion b. Set the reference level to this value by pressing MKR →, MARKER → REF LVL. Figure 2-23 on page 78 illustrates the resulting display. Figure 2-23 Signal Peak Set to Reference Level Maximize dynamic range 12.Distortion-free dynamic range is important for this type of measurement. To maximize such dynamic range: a. Set the mixer input level to −30 dBm by pressing AMPLITUDE, MORE 1 OF 3, MAX MXR LEVEL. b. Enter −30 dBm.
Making Measurements Example 5: Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion 13.To measure a distortion product: a. Press PEAK SEARCH to place a marker on a source signal. b. To activate a second marker, press MARKER DELTA. c. Press NEXT PK LEFT or NEXT PK RIGHT to set the second marker on the peak of the distortion product that is beside the signal source (see Figure 2-24). The difference in frequency and amplitude between the two markers is displayed in the active function block.
Making Measurements Example 5: Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion Figure 2-25 Display with Title Save the measurement information The save and recall functions allow you to store data for later viewing. 15.To save the instrument state: a. Press SAVE, SAVE STATE. b. Press a softkey to enter the instrument state data into the register (0 to 9) you select. The first 16 characters of the title are used to label the register on the recall menu. 16.To view this menu, press RECALL, RECALL STATE.
Making Measurements Example 6: AM and FM Demodulation Example 6: AM and FM Demodulation What is AM and FM Demodulation? Amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) are common modulation techniques used to broadcast information. In the United States and Canada, the AM broadcast band is 535 kHz to 1605 kHz, while the FM broadcast band covers 88 MHz to 108 MHz.
Making Measurements Example 6: AM and FM Demodulation Figure 2-26 AM and FM Demodulation Test Setup Set the start and stop frequencies 2. Tune to the FM band by setting the start frequency of the spectrum analyzer to 88 MHz, and the stop frequency to 108 MHz: a. Press FREQUENCY. b. Press START FREQ; enter 88 MHz. c. Press STOP FREQ; enter 108 MHz (see Figure 2-27). Figure 2-27 FM Band Set a marker 3. To demodulate an FM signal, you must activate a marker before you turn on the demodulator.
Making Measurements Example 6: AM and FM Demodulation a. Press AUX CTRL AM/FM DEMOD to access the demodulation menu. b. Activate a marker by pressing MARKER NORMAL. c. Position the marker on the signal of interest. If the signal of interest is the highest in amplitude, press PEAK SEARCH directly, as in Figure 2-28 on page 83. Figure 2-28 Place a marker on the signal of interest, then demodulate. Set the time 4. For this example, before demodulating the signal, set the demodulation time to 30 seconds: a.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements What Are Stimulus-Response Measurements? Stimulus-response measurements require a source to stimulate a device under test (DUT), and a receiver to analyze the frequency-response characteristics of the DUT. Characterization of a DUT can be made in terms of its transmission or reflection parameters. Ripple, flatness, and rejection are examples of transmission measurements.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements The same measurement can be made using an 8560E/EC (without Option 002), Agilent 8561E/EC, Agilent 8562E/EC, Agilent 8563E/EC, Agilent 8564E/EC or Agilent 8565E/EC spectrum analyzer with an Agilent 85640A, Agilent 85644A, or Agilent 85645A tracking generator. This example illustrates several functions in the 8560E/EC Option 002 tracking-generator menu: adjusting the tracking-generator output power, source calibration, and normalization.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Set the spectrum analyzer 2. To activate the tracking generator menu, press AUX CTRL, TRACKING GENRATOR. The tracking-generator output power is displayed in the active function block. Because the filter (DUT) is not particularly sensitive, an output power of −10 dBm should not damage it. 3. Activate the tracking-generator power level by pressing SRC PWR ON OFF until ON is selected.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Figure 2-32 Adjust analyzer settings according to the measurement requirement. 6. Decrease the resolution bandwidth to increase sensitivity, and narrow the video bandwidth to smooth the noise. In Figure 2-33, the resolution bandwidth has been decreased to 3 kHz. NOTE The minimum resolution bandwidth supported in stimulus-response measurements is 300 Hz.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Figure 2-33 Decrease the resolution bandwidth to improve sensitivity. NOTE Tracking Error Adjusting the resolution bandwidth may result in a decrease in amplitude of the signal. This is known as a tracking error. Tracking errors occur when the tracking generator output frequency does not exactly match the input frequency of the spectrum analyzer.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Figure 2-34 Manual tracking adjustment compensates for tracking error. Calibrate Calibration in a transmission measurement is done using a through (thru). A thru essentially is a conductor that is connected in place of the device under test. 7. To calibrate using a thru: a. Press AUX CTRL, TRACKING GENRATOR, SOURCE CAL MENU, CAL THRU. b. The guided calibration routine prompts you to connect the thru, as illustrated in Figure 2-35.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Figure 2-35 Guided calibration routines prompt the user. Figure 2-36 The thru trace is displayed in trace B. Normalize Normalization eliminates the frequency response error in the test setup. When normalization is on, trace math is performed on the active trace: A − B + NRP → A 1. where: A is the active trace. B is the stored thru calibration trace. NRP is the normalized reference position.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements The units of the reference level, dB, reflect this relative measurement (see Figure 2-37). • To normalize, press NORMLIZE ON OFF until ON is selected. (This softkey is located on the first page of the tracking-generator menu.) An arrow appears on each side of the graticule when normalization is activated.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Figure 2-38 Measure the rejection range with delta markers. Activating normalization changes the softkeys that appear in the amplitude menu: RANGE LVL appears, and REF LVL is replaced by NORM REF LVL. Although both these functions reposition the trace on the display, RANGE LVL adjusts attenuation and gain, while NORM REF LVL does not change the spectrum analyzer settings.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Figure 2-39 NORM REF LVL adjusts the trace without changing analyzer settings. RANGE LVL increases the dynamic range of the measurement by changing the input attenuator and IF gain. It is equivalent to REF LVL used in signal analysis measurements. Both RANGE LVL and REF LVL ensure that the input signal is not in gain compression. To increase the dynamic range of the measurement, press RANGE LVL.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Figure 2-40 Increase the dynamic measurement range by using RANGE LVL. If the actual measured signal is beyond the gain-compression limit, or below the bottom graticule of the display, an error message will appear in the lower right corner of the display. In the case shown here, the passband information is adjusted off-screen in order to view the rejection range with better resolution.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Using Range Level versus Using Normalized Reference Level The following example illustrates the difference between RANGE LVL and NORM REF LVL. The normalized frequency response of a preamplifier is shown in Figure 2-41. The normalized trace is cut off at the top of the graticule. This is confirmed by the step up ⇓ key when a marker is activated, and the ERR 903 A>DLMT error message appears in the error message block.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Figure 2-42 NORM REF LVL is a trace function. After returning NORM REF LVL to 0 dB, increase RANGE LVL to 30 dB. As shown in Figure 2-43, the trace moves fully within the graticule. Compare the settings: (1) input attenuator value has changed to 40 dB, (2) the marker-amplitude readout displays −6.3 dB, and (3) the ERR 903 A>DLMT error message no longer appears. Figure 2-43 RANGE LVL adjusts analyzer for compression-free measurements.
Making Measurements Example 7: Stimulus-Response Measurements Figure 2-42 shows that NORM REF LVL is a trace function that can position the active trace without changing analyzer settings. The ERR 903 A>DLMT error message is an indicator that the actual measured trace may fall outside of the analyzer measurement range with the current settings. Compression-free measurements are assured by adjusting RANGE LVL and changing the input attenuator and IF gain.
Making Measurements Example 8: External Millimeter Mixers (Unpreselected) Example 8: External Millimeter Mixers (Unpreselected) External millimeter mixers can be used to extend the frequency coverage of the 8560 E-Series and EC-Series spectrum analyzers. (The 8560E/EC Option 002 and Option 327 do not have external mixing capability.) Agilent Technologies manufactures external mixers that do not require biasing and cover frequency ranges from 18 GHz to 110 GHz.
Making Measurements Example 8: External Millimeter Mixers (Unpreselected) Figure 2-44 External Mixer Setup (a) without Bias; (b) with Bias NOTE Good-quality shielded SMA-type cables should be used to connect the mixer to the spectrum analyzer to ensure that no signal attenuation occurs. Agilent 5061-5458 SMA-type cables may be used. Do not over-tighten the cables; the maximum torque should not exceed 112 N-cm (10 in-lb). Select the Frequency Band 2.
Making Measurements Example 8: External Millimeter Mixers (Unpreselected) d. In the external mixer menu, press FULL BAND, then press the step up › key until the letter preceding BAND in the active function area corresponds to the desired frequency band. In this example, we'll look at U-band, which ranges from 40 GHz to 60 GHz, as shown in Figure 2-45. The LOCK HARMONIC function "locks" the spectrum analyzer in that band, ensuring that the spectrum analyzer sweeps only the chosen band.
Making Measurements Example 8: External Millimeter Mixers (Unpreselected) Figure 2-45 Select the band of interest. Save the average conversion-loss value 4. Table lists default conversion-loss values that are stored in the analyzer for each frequency band. These values approximate the values for the Agilent 11970 series mixers. Other conversion-loss values may be entered into the spectrum analyzer in two ways.
Making Measurements Example 8: External Millimeter Mixers (Unpreselected) Figure 2-46 Store and correct for conversion loss. The second method for storing conversion-loss information lets you save individual conversion-loss data points at specific intervals across the harmonic band, using CNV LOSS VS FREQ. To view or enter a conversion-loss data point: a. Press CNV LOSS VS FREQ. b. Enter the conversion-loss data at the frequency shown. c.
Making Measurements Example 8: External Millimeter Mixers (Unpreselected) Figure 2-47 Signal Responses Produced by a 50 GHz Signal in U Band Identify signals with the frequency-shift method 6. Signal-identification routines that identify the signal and images are available on instruments with firmware revisions ≤920528, or with Option 008. The frequency-shift method of identifying valid signals uses the spectrum-analyzer function SIG ID ON OFF.
Making Measurements Example 8: External Millimeter Mixers (Unpreselected) Figure 2-48 Response for Invalid Signals Figure 2-49 Response for Valid Signals 104 Chapter 2
Making Measurements Example 8: External Millimeter Mixers (Unpreselected) Identify signals in wide frequency spans 7. SIG ID AT MKR identifies signals in wide frequency spans, using harmonic search. SIG ID AT MKR automatically determines the proper frequency of a signal and displays its value on the spectrum analyzer. Activating SIG ID AT MKR on an image of the signal will yield a reading in the active block, as shown in Figure 2-50.
Making Measurements Example 8: External Millimeter Mixers (Unpreselected) Figure 2-51 SIG ID AT MKR Performed on a True Signal Bias The Agilent 11970A Series harmonic mixers mentioned in the previous section do not require bias. Mixers requiring bias can also be used with the 8560 E-Series and EC-Series. Bias minimizes the conversion loss of these mixers; however, the bias must be adjusted for every frequency where a measurement is made.
Making Measurements Example 8: External Millimeter Mixers (Unpreselected) WARNING The open-circuit bias voltage can be as great as +3.5 V through a source resistance of 300 ohms. Such voltage levels may appear when recalling an instrument state in which an active bias has been stored. NOTE The bias value that appears on the spectrum analyzer display is expressed in terms of short-circuit current (that is, the amount of current that would flow if the IF line were shorted to ground).
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement What Is Adjacent Channel Power (ACP)? Adjacent channel power measures the modulation that leaks from the intended channel of a communication device, such as a cellular radio, into an adjacent channel. That leakage may degrade communication among users of the adjacent channels. Therefore, regulatory bodies specify the amount of power that is allowed to leak into the adjacent channels.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Stepping Through a Basic ACP Measurement In this example, we will be using a transmitter with a carrier frequency of 300 MHz. We will define the signal that we examine has having a channel bandwidth of 14.0 kHz and a channel spacing requirement of 20.0 kHz, as shown in Figure 2-53. For this example we will use the calibrator as the signal source.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Figure 2-53 Adjacent Channel Power Parameters The first step is to set the spectrum analyzer to display the signal under test. 1. Press PRESET on the spectrum analyzer to start the measurement from a defined preset state. 2. Input the frequency of the transmitted carrier by pressing FREQUENCY, CENTER FREQ, and entering the center frequency of the carrier signal (in this case, 300 MHz for the calibrator signal). 3.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Access the adjacent channel power (ACP) softkey functions and set up the measurement parameters. 1. Press MEAS/USER, then ACP MENU to access the adjacent channel power menu of softkeys. 2. Press ACP SETUP and METHODS to select the measurement method that will be used to make the measurement. Press ANALOG METHOD if it is not already selected.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement NOTE The adjacent channel power measurement also can be performed with the spectrum analyzer settings that you choose. For example, if you want to perform the ACP measurement with a specific resolution bandwidth, or in a particular span, set the spectrum analyzer up in the state that you want, then use ACP COMPUTE. ACP COMPUTE performs the adjacent channel power measurement without changing the instrument state.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement ACP Analog Method Definition When using the analog method and the ACP auto measurement function for making adjacent channel power measurements, the spectrum analyzer center frequency should be set to the transmitter intended center frequency. The reference level should be set to optimize the displayed range to minimize the number of data points above the top or below the bottom of the range of the chosen display scale.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement DETECTION: RMS VOLTAGE (POWER DETECTOR) NOTE Power detection is invoked during adjacent channel power calculations but is not available as a detector mode. In addition to the warning message, the instrument-state parameter that is causing the warning will be displayed.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Instrument Setup Settings of the reference level, input attenuation, and display scale are not changed by the ACP auto measurement function. They must be set for optimum dynamic range to optimize accuracy. Although linear and other logarithmic scales are supported, only the log 10 dB per division scale has adequate dynamic range for ACP measurements; thus, it should always be used.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement 1 ATT N opt = PdB TX – ( 3.84dB ) – --- DAN L Ref + 2M L Ref + TODdB Ref 3 ChBW ChSpacing + ( 10dB )log --------------------- – ( 20dB ) log 2 – ----------------------------- NBW Ref ChBW where: ATTNopt is the optimum choice of attenuation. ATTN is the attenuator setting chosen within 10 dB increments. PdBTX is the transmitter power in units of dBm.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement P(x) is the power ratio of the indicated trace data at point x to the reference level. For example, if the trace data is −60 dB, P(x) is 0.000001. SPAN/600 is the spacing of trace data points. NBW is the effective noise bandwidth of the resolution bandwidth used for the measurement. It depends on the shape of the resolution bandwidth filter, the scale, and the detector mode.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement This correction to x1 through x4 will help the spectrum analyzer results agree with measuring receiver results, because a measuring receiver is specified to have a −6 dB response at the channel edges. The ACP leakage ratio displayed as MAX ACP is for either the lower or upper adjacent channel, whichever has the higher power. In other words, MAX ACP is the least negative of the dB numbers displayed as LOW and UP.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Set up the spectrum analyzer to display the signal before going to the adjacent channel power softkeys. 1. Press PRESET on the spectrum analyzer to start the measurement from a defined preset state. 2. Press AMPLITUDE and set the reference level to the value of the transmitter power that is being input to the spectrum analyzer. (You may need to use an external attenuator.) 3.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Now that the parameters are set, you can activate the measurement. 1. Press AUTO ACP MEASURE to activate the measurement. The measured values are displayed in the upper left part of the graticule. 2. Press VIEW TBL TRAC so that table (TBL) is selected. The display will change from showing the signal trace to showing a table of the ACP measurements.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement The user may want to add +7.25 dB to the (negative) ACP ratios measured, to compensate for the difference between the standard and the Agilent Technologies interpretation of its intent. The 8560 E-Series and EC-Series implementation is consistent with that used in the Agilent 85720A JDC/TDMA Measurement Personality. PHS Measurements of Mobiles According to the RCR-28 Standard The following information is applicable as of September 1993.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Pwide is measured with the channel power function, using the same trace data as was used by the ACP measurement. That means with the channel power bandwidth set to (2×channel spacing + channel bandwidth), or 792 kHz. The units should be W, mW, or a similar unit. Pcenter is the same as Pwide except the channel power bandwidth should be equal to the channel bandwidth. Use the same units as Pwide.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement In this implementation , α and the edge of the −∞ dB region are compensated for the effects of a non-zero resolution bandwidth filter on the effective weighting function.
Making Measurements Example 9: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Figure 2-57 Trigger Configuration for Gated Method, Option 001 124 Chapter 2
Making Measurements Example 10: Power Measurement Functions Example 10: Power Measurement Functions What are the Power Measurement Functions? The spectrum analyzer can make several different types of power measurements on complex communication signals. These are in addition to the adjacent channel power measurements discussed in Example 9. These measurements are available as built-in functions in the spectrum analyzer MEAS/USER menu.
Making Measurements Example 10: Power Measurement Functions • The resolution bandwidth may not exceed 100 kHz in the 8560 E-Series and EC-Series spectrum analyzers. A wider resolution bandwidth would cause the video filtering problem mentioned above because the internal video bandwidth in the SAMPLE detection mode is limited by the analyzer hardware to about 450 kHz. At 4.5 times the resolution bandwidth, noise power is underestimated by 0.02 dB.
Making Measurements Example 10: Power Measurement Functions Making Carrier "Off" Power Measurements Carrier "Off" power measurements are usually made under the same conditions as are the "On" power measurements. Power-indicated accuracy and time-averaged representativeness issues apply here also. RMS detection is usually very important for carrier "Off" measurements because the power tends to be noise-like.
Making Measurements Example 10: Power Measurement Functions Stepping through a Carrier Power Measurement A carrier power measurement will be made on a typical cellular radio signal. The signal should be a burst RF signal with about a 20 ms burst period. 1. Connect the burst RF signal to the input of the spectrum analyzer. 2. Press FREQUENCY and set the spectrum analyzer center frequency to the carrier frequency of the signal. 3.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement What Is Time-Gating? Traditional frequency-domain spectrum analysis provides only limited information for certain signals.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Figure 2-59 Frequency of the Combined Signals of the Radios Using the time-gate capability and an external trigger signal, you can see the separate spectrum of radio number one (or radio number 2 if you wish) and identify it as the source of the spurious signal shown as in Figure 2-60 and Figure 2-61.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Figure 2-61 Time-Gated Spectrum of Signal Number 2 Time-gating lets you define a time window, or time gate, during which a measurement will be performed. This permits you to specify the part of a signal that you want to measure, and exclude or mask out other signals that might interfere. How Time-Gating Works Time-gating is achieved because the spectrum analyzer selectively interrupts the path of the detected signal, as shown in Figure 2-62.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Figure 2-62 Block Diagram of the Spectrum Analyzer with Time Gate The gate within the analyzer is opened and closed based on four factors: • An externally supplied transistor-transistor logic (TTL) signal. • The gate control, or trigger mode (positive or negative edge triggering, or positive or negative level triggering).
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Because the pulse trains of signal number 1 and signal number 2 have almost the same carrier frequency, their frequency-domain spectra overlap. Further, the spectrum of pulse train number 2 dominates because signal number 2 has greater amplitude. Without gating, you won't see the spectrum of pulse train number 1; it is masked by pulse train number 2. To measure pulse train number 1, the gate must be on only during those pulses.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Figure 2-65 Using Time-Gating to View Signal 1 Moving the gate so that it is positioned over the middle of pulse train number 2 produces a result such as that shown in Figure 2-67. Here, you see only the spectrum within the pulses of signal number 2; both signal number 1 and the pulse spectrum of signal number 2 are excluded.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Figure 2-67 Using Time-Gating to View Signal 2 Time-gating serves as a useful measurement tool for many different types of signals. However, the signal must be repetitive and have a TTL timing trigger signal available to synchronize the gate. Making Noise Measurements Noise measurements made using a gated measurement technique will vary from the value measured without gating.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement The equation below can be used to calculate a correction value for the measured noise. Subtract the correction from the measured value. Correction = 10db log 10 [ ln ( 2πγBW i + e ) ] where: BWi is the impulse bandwidth which is 1.62 × resolution bandwidth, for resolution bandwidths ≥300 Hz. τ is the time interval over which the peak detection occurs and is equal to the sweeptime/600.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Using this measurement setup will allow you to view all signal spectra on the spectrum analyzer and all timing signals on the oscilloscope. The setup will prove to be very helpful when you perform gated measurements on unknown signals.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Instrument configurations for the measurement are: Pulse Generator: Agilent 8112A or equivalent Instrument Connections Pulse period 5 ms (or pulse frequency equal to 200 Hz) Mode norm Pulse width 4 ms High level (HIL) 5V Waveform pulse Low level (LOL) 0V Delay 0 or minimum Amplitude 5V Offset 2.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Video bandwidth 3 kHz Gate OFF (Press SWEEP, then GATE ON OFF so that OFF is underlined.) Gate delay 2 ms (Press GATE DLY [ ], use the data keys to enter in a 2, then press ms.) Gate length 1ms (Press GATED VIDEO, GATE LEN [ ], use the data keys to enter in a 1, then press ms.) Gate control EDGE (Press GATE CTL EDGE LVL so that EDGE is underlined.) Gate polarity POS (Press EDGE POL POS NEG so that POS is underlined.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Figure 2-70 Frequency Spectrum of Signal without Gating To see the effect of time-gating: 1. Press SWEEP. 2. Press GATE ON OFF so that ON is underlined. 3. Check the oscilloscope display and ensure that the gate is positioned under the pulse. The gate should be set to be on around the third quarter of the pulse. If necessary, adjust gate length and gate delay.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Figure 2-72 Spectrum Analyzer Display Notice that the gated spectrum is much cleaner than the ungated spectrum. The spectrum you see is the same as would be seen if the signal were on continually. To prove this, turn off the pulse modulation in the signal generator by pressing SHIFT PULSE OFF; the spectrum does not change. In both cases, you can see the two low-level modulation sidebands caused by the narrow-band FM.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Figure 2-73 Using Positive or Negative Triggering Level Mode In level gate-control mode, an external trigger signal opens and closes the gate directly, without any programmed gate delay or gate length. Either the TTL high level or TTL low level opens the gate, depending on the setting of LVL POL POS NEG. Therefore, the gate delay and gate length control functions are not active.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement To make a time-gated measurement: 1. Determine how your signal under test appears in the time domain and how it is synchronized to the trigger signal. You need to do this to position the time gate by setting the delay relative to the trigger signal. To set the delay, you need to know the timing relationship between the trigger and the signal under test.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement 2. Set analyzer sweep time greater than 601 times PRI (pulse repetition interval), or longer if MEAS UNCAL appears on the screen. To ensure that the gate is on at least once during each of the 601 digital trace points on the spectrum analyzer, you may need to increase the sweep time of the analyzer. In Figure 2-74, the PRI is 5 ms, so you should set the sweep time to at least 601 times 5 ms, or 3005 ms (3.1 s).
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Figure 2-75 Positioning the Gate You have flexibility in positioning the gate, but some positions offer a wider choice of resolution bandwidths. A good rule of thumb is to start the gate in the middle of the pulse and have it remain on for one-fourth the pulse duration. Doing so provides a reasonable compromise between setup time and gate length, but it is only a starting point—you can actually position the gate almost anywhere you wish.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement You can set the gate length to any value you desire that lets you select the proper portion of the signal of interest to measure. Choosing a narrower gate length forces you to select a wider video bandwidth, as will be discussed in step 5. Note that the signal need not be an RF pulse. It could be simply a particular period of modulation in a signal that is continuously operating at full power, or it could even be during the off time between pulses.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Figure 2-78 Resolution Bandwidth Filter Charge-Up Effects Because the resolution-bandwidth filters are band-limited devices, they require a finite amount of time to react to changing conditions. Specifically, the filters take time to charge fully after the analyzer is exposed to a pulsed signal.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Video Bandwidth Just as the resolution-bandwidth filter needs a finite amount of time to charge and discharge, so does the video filter, which is a post-detection filter used mainly to smooth the measurement trace. Regardless of the length of the real RF pulse, the video filter sees a pulse no longer than the gate length, and the filter will spend part of that time charging up.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Summary of Time-Gated Measurement Procedure The following is a description of the steps required to perform a time-gated spectrum measurement. 1. Determine how your signal under test appears in the time domain and how it is synchronized to the trigger signal.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement "Rules" for Making a Time-Gated Spectrum Measurement This section summarizes the rules described in the previous sections.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Figure 2-79 Gate Positioning Parameters Most control settings are determined by two key parameters of the signal under test: the pulse repetition interval (PRI) and the pulse width (τ). If you know these parameters, you can begin by picking some standard settings. Table and Table summarize the parameters for a signal whose trigger event occurs at the same time as the beginning of the pulse (for example, SD is 0).
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Table 2-8 Suggested Sweep Times for a Known Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) or Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) Sweep Time (minimum) ≤50 µs ≥20 kHz 50 ms 100 µs 10 kHz 61 ms 500 µs 2 kHz 301 ms 1 ms 1 kHz 601 ms 5 ms 200 Hz 3.01 s 10 ms 100 Hz 6.01 s 16.7 ms 60 Hz 20 s 33.
Making Measurements Example 11: Time-Gated Measurement Table 2-9 If You Have a Problem with the Time-Gated Measurement Symptom Possible Cause Suggested Solution Displayed spectrum too low in amplitude. Resolution bandwidth or video bandwidth filters not charging fully. Widen resolution bandwidth or video bandwidth, or both. Display changed drastically during operation. Gate functions have been turned off by changing detector path.
Making Measurements Example 12: Making Time-Domain Measurements with Sweep Delay Example 12: Making Time-Domain Measurements with Sweep Delay Although spectrum analyzers are primarily frequency-domain devices, they can also show signals in the time domain. The simplest way to do this is to set the SPAN of the analyzer to 0 Hz so that it becomes a fixed-tuned receiver.
Making Measurements Example 12: Making Time-Domain Measurements with Sweep Delay Unless the delay sweep function is used, the sweep starts immediately after a valid trigger and lasts as long as the sweep time setting indicates, and the only adjustment that can be made is to increase or decrease the length of the sweep.
Making Measurements Example 12: Making Time-Domain Measurements with Sweep Delay Figure 2-81 Display of Zero-Span without Sweep Delay The sweep delay functions DLY SWP [ ] and DLY SWP ON OFF allow you to delay the start of a measurement sweep by up to 65 ms after a trigger signal is received. This lets you zoom in on the event of interest, as shown in Figure 2-82.
Making Measurements Example 12: Making Time-Domain Measurements with Sweep Delay The following procedure shows how you can use the sweep delay functions in zero span. 1. Set the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer to the signal of interest. 2. Set the resolution bandwidth and video bandwidth wider than the spectral width of the signal of interest. If possible, choose a value wide enough so that the resolution bandwidth filter is fairly flat over the width of you signal.
Making Measurements Example 13: Making Pulsed RF Measurements Example 13: Making Pulsed RF Measurements What Is Pulsed RF? A pulsed RF signal is a train of RF pulses with a constant repetition rate, constant pulse width and shape, and constant amplitude. Several procedures for measuring characteristics of a pulsed-RF signal are included in this example. The procedures explain how to measure center frequency, pulse width, and pulse repetition frequency.
Making Measurements Example 13: Making Pulsed RF Measurements 6. Increase the sweep time (that is, the sweep becomes slower) until the display fills in and becomes a solid line (see Figure 2-84). If this line does not fill in, the instrument is not in broadband mode, in which case the following procedures for side lobe ratio, pulse width, and peak pulse power do not apply. For further reference, consult Agilent Technologies Application Note 150-2, entitled "Pulsed RF" (literature number 5954-2705).
Making Measurements Example 13: Making Pulsed RF Measurements Figure 2-84 Trace Displayed as a Solid Line Center Frequency, Sidelobe Ratio, and Pulse Width 1. For a pulsed RF signal, the center frequency is at the center of the main lobe (see Figure 2-85). To identify this frequency, simply use the spectrum analyzer peak search function. The marker also reads the main lobe amplitude.
Making Measurements Example 13: Making Pulsed RF Measurements 2. To measure the side lobe ratio, with the marker still at the center frequency of the main lobe, press PEAK SEARCH, MARKER DELTA and NEXT PEAK. See Figure 2-86. The difference between the amplitude of the main lobe and the side lobe is the side lobe ratio. Figure 2-86 Markers Show Sidelobe Ratio 3. The pulse width is also easy to identify. The pulse width is the reciprocal of the frequency difference between two envelope peaks.
Making Measurements Example 13: Making Pulsed RF Measurements Figure 2-87 Markers Show Pulse Width Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) Pulse repetition interval (PRI) is the spacing in time between any two adjacent pulse responses, shown in Figure 2-83. Using the MARKER 1/DELTA function, PRI can easily be inverted to read PRF instead. 1. To measure PRI, set the span to 0 Hz and adjust amplitude of the main lobe to the reference level. 2.
Making Measurements Example 13: Making Pulsed RF Measurements Figure 2-88 Measuring Pulse Repetition Frequency Peak Pulse Power and Desensitization Now that you know the main lobe amplitude, the pulse width, and can easily note the spectrum analyzer resolution bandwidth, the peak pulse power can be derived from a relatively simple equation: Peak Pulse Power = ( Mainlobe Amplitude ) – 20log ( T eff ) ( BW i ) where NOTE Teff = pulse width, in seconds BWi = impulse bandwidth, in Hertz BWi = 1.
Making Measurements Example 13: Making Pulsed RF Measurements 164 Chapter 2
3 Softkey Menus 165
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Menu Trees Figure 3-1 AMPLITUDE Key Menu Tree * Becomes NORM REF LVL when NORMLIZE ON OFF is set to ON. † Available only with internal mixing (when set to external mixing, this key is not available). ‡ Not available for an Agilent 8563E/EC, Agilent 8564E/EC, or Agilent 8565E/EC. § Available only when NORMLIZE ON OFF is set to ON. || Not available for an Agilent 8560E/EC.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-2 AUTO COUPLE Menu Tree * Available only with internal mixing.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-3 AUX CTRL (1 of 3) Key Menu Tree * The TRACKING GENRATOR menu shown here is for spectrum analyzers without Option 002 installed. See AUX CTRL menu 3 of 3 for an 8560E/EC with Option 002 installed. INTERNAL MIXER is not shown for an 8560E/EC with Option 002 installed. For an 8560E/EC without Option 002, only the INTERNAL MIXER softkey is available (the softkeys accessed by INTERNAL MIXER are not available).
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-4 AUX CTRL (2 of 3) Key Menu Tree * This key is not shown for an 8560E/EC with Option 002 installed and is non-functional for Option 327. † This signal identification function is only available with firmware revisions ≤920528 or with Option 008 installed. ‡ This key is displayed only if unpreselected external mixing is selected (EXT MXR PRE UNPR is set to UNPR), and is not displayed if external mixing is set to PRE.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-5 AUX CTRL (3 of 3) Key Menu Tree Figure 3-6 BW Key Menu 170 Chapter 3
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-7 CAL Key Menu Tree * Changes to STOP ADJUST if FULL IF ADJ is pressed. † Changes to STORE REF LVL if REF LVL ADJ is pressed. ‡ These functions are only available with firmware revisions >930809. § The CRT ADJ PATTERN key activates a pattern on the screen which is used for adjusting the quadrature of the display. This pattern will appear in both E-series and EC-series instruments. However, EC-series instruments do not require adjustment and are not adjustable.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-8 CONFIG Key Menu Tree * Changes to STORE HPIB ADR if pressed. † Not available for an 8560E/EC with Option 002 installed in it and non-functional for instruments with Option 327. ‡ Both E-series and EC-series instruments appear as E-series in the instrument display when the DATECODE&OPTIONS key is pressed. EC-series instruments also appear as Option 007 instruments (Option 007 is the FADC option, which is standard in EC-series instruments).
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-9 COPY Key Figure 3-10 DISPLAY Key Menu Tree * Changes to STORE INTENSTY if INTENSTY is pressed. E-series instruments are adjustable. However, EC-series instruments do not require adjustment and are not adjustable. † Changes to STORE FOCUS if FOCUS is pressed. E-Series instruments are adjustable.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-11 FREQ COUNT Key Menu Figure 3-12 FREQUENCY Key Menu Tree * Figure 3-13 MORE 1 OF 2 is displayed under FREQUENCY only on spectrum analyzers with firmware revision 960401 and later.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-14 MEAS/USER Key Menu Tree * Spectrum analyzers with firmware revisions ≤930809 have fewer power and adjacent channel power (ACP) functions. † See the following figure for ACP setup menus. ‡ The SPAN softkey is displayed if the markers are not active. § Present only when this menu is accessed from the occupied power menu.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-15 Figure 3-16 ACP MENU Key Menu Tree * The ACP MENU softkey is under the MEAS/USER key. See the preceding figure. † For firmware revisions ≤930809. ‡ For firmware revisions >930809.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-17 MKR-> Key Menu Figure 3-18 MODULE Key Menus NOTE * MODULE accesses these additional softkeys if the Agilent 85620A mass memory module is attached to the spectrum analyzer. See the Agilent 85620A documentation for more information about these softkeys. † MODULE accesses these additional softkeys if the Agilent 85629B test and adjustment module (TAM) is attached to the spectrum analyzer.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-19 PEAK SEARCH Key Menu Tree * Figure 3-20 Changes to MARKER NORMAL if the spectrum analyzer is in zero span or MARKER DELTA is active.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-21 RECALL Key Menu Tree * Available only with internal mixing above 2.9 GHz. † Available with preselected external mixing. Available with internal mixing above 2.9 GHz.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-22 SAVE Key Menu Tree * Available with preselected external mixing. Available with internal mixing above 2.9 GHz.
Softkey Menus Menu Trees Figure 3-25 SWEEP Key Menu Tree * This softkey is blanked if GATE CTL EDGE LVL is set to level (LVL). † This softkey becomes LVL POL POS NEG if GATE CTL EDGE LVL is set to level (LVL).
Softkey Menus Menu Trees 182 Chapter 3
4 Key Function Descriptions 183
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Key Function Tables This chapter describes the functions that are available from the front panel of 8560 E-Series and EC-Series spectrum analyzers. The tables at the start of the chapter list the front-panel keys and softkeys by their functional groups with the location of the key and a very brief description.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-1 Fundamental Functions Function Keys Access Key Description dBµV AMPLITUDE Selects absolute decibels relative to 1 µV as the amplitude units. dBmV AMPLITUDE Selects absolute decibels relative to 1 mV as the amplitude units. FREQ OFFSET FREQUENCY Adds an offset value to displayed frequency values, including marker frequency values. The range of the sweep (that is, the span) is not affected.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-1 Fundamental Functions Function Keys Access Key Description SPAN — Activates the frequency span, sets the spectrum analyzer to center-frequency span mode, and accesses a menu of span related functions. SPAN SPAN Activates the span width function and sets the spectrum analyzer to center-frequency span mode.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-2 Instrument State Functions Instrument State Keys Access Key Description 3dB POINTS MEAS/USER A peak search is performed, and the 3 dB bandwidth of the largest signal on-screen is displayed in the message area. 6dB POINTS MEAS/USER A peak search is performed, and the 6 dB bandwidth of the largest signal on-screen is displayed in the message area. ACCELRAT MEAS/USER Accelerates the adjacent channel power measurement.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-2 Instrument State Functions Instrument State Keys Access Key Description AMPCOR MENU CAL Accesses functions that allow you to enter amplitude correction (ampcor) factors to correct system flatness. AMPCOR ON OFF CAL Turns the amplitude correction factors on and off. When this mode is selected, a W appears on the left side of the display.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-2 Instrument State Functions Instrument State Keys Access Key Description CAL THR AUX CTRL Stores thru calibration in trace B and in instrument state register 9. CARRIER PWR MENU MEAS/USER Accesses carrier power measurement functions. CH EDGES → ∆MKR MEAS/USER Moves the marker locations to the channel edges, for an occupied power measurement. CHAN DN MEAS/USER Moves the center frequency down (lower) by one channel spacing.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-2 Instrument State Functions Instrument State Keys Access Key Description DATECODE OPTIONS CONFIG Displays the analyzer firmware datecode, its instrument serial number, its model number, and any options present. EC-series instruments also appear as Option 007 instruments (Option 007 is the FADC option, which is standard in EC-series instruments). DELETE CORR PT CAL Ampcor function which deletes a single correction point.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-2 Instrument State Functions Instrument State Keys Access Key Description FULL BAND AUX CTRL Selects commonly used frequency bands above 18 GHz and activates the harmonic lock function. FULL IF ADJ CAL Executes a complete adjustment of the IF system for optimum measurement accuracy. GATED METHOD MEAS/USER Makes adjacent channel power (ACP) measurements using time gating techniques.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-2 Instrument State Functions Instrument State Keys Access Key Description MKR∆ → CH PWR BW MEAS/USER Sets the channel power bandwidth parameter to the value of the difference between the two markers. MKR MEAN → CF MEAS/USER Moves the midpoint of the two displayed markers to the center frequency. MODULE — Accesses the functions of an optional rear panel module, when it is present.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-2 Instrument State Functions Instrument State Keys Access Key Description PLOT TRACE A CONFIG Plots only the contents of trace A and any markers associated with the trace. To halt plotting before it is complete, press STOP TRACE A. PLOT TRACE B CONFIG Plots only the contents of trace B and any markers associated with the trace. To halt plotting before it is complete, press STOP TRACE B.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-2 Instrument State Functions Instrument State Keys Access Key Description PWR ON STATE SAVE Saves the current state in the power-on register. The spectrum analyzer is set to this state whenever LINE is turned on or when POWER ON is pressed. PWR SWP ON OFF AUX CTRL Switches the power-sweep function on and off. The tracking generator output power sweeps over the chosen amplitude range.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-2 Instrument State Functions Instrument State Keys Access Key Description REF LVL ADJ CAL Permits adjusting the spectrum analyzer internal gain so that when the calibrator signal is connected to the input, the reference level at top screen equals the calibrator amplitude. SAMPLER FREQ CAL Displays the sampling oscillator frequency and loop bandwidth compensation value corresponding to the current start frequency.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-2 Instrument State Functions Instrument State Keys Access Key Description SOURCE CAL MENU AUX CTRL Accesses a menu of functions used to calibrate frequency response errors in test setups when using a tracking generator. SPACING/BANDWDTH MEAS/USER Accesses the channel spacing and channel bandwidth softkeys for use in adjacent channel power (ACP) measurements.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-3 Marker Functions Marker Keys Access Key Description COUNTER ON OFF FREQ COUNT Switches the precision frequency counter ON and OFF (activating a marker if none is present), and displays counter results when the counter is on. COUNTER RES FREQ COUNT Adjusts the resolution of the frequency counter readout. FREQ COUNT — Turns the frequency counter on (activates a marker if none is present) and accesses a menu of counter and marker functions.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-3 Marker Functions Marker Keys Access Key Description MKR 1/∆ → CF MKR→ Sets the center frequency equal to the reciprocal of the delta value. For use in zero span mode. MKR 1/∆ → CF STEP MKR→ Sets the center frequency step size equal to the reciprocal of the delta value. For use in zero span mode. MKR NOISE ON OFF MKR Turns the marker noise function on or off.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-4 Control Functions Control Keys Access Key Description A+B→A TRACE Adds the contents of trace A with those of trace B and places the result in trace A. A-B→A ON OFF TRACE When on, this function continuously subtracts the contents of trace B from those of trace A and places the result in trace A. An M appears on the left side of the display when this function is on.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-4 Control Functions Control Keys Access Key Description CF STEP AUTO MAN AUTO COUPLE Adjusts the center frequency step size so that when a step key is pressed, the center frequency shifts by the selected step size. CHAR SET 1 2 DISPLAY Accesses character sets used for creating titles. CLEAR WRITE A TRACE Clears trace A and sets it to accept and display new input-signal data continuously.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-4 Control Functions Control Keys Access Key Description EXTERNAL TRIG Sets the trigger to external mode. Connect external trigger source to J5 (EXT/GATE TRIG INPUT) on the rear panel. When this mode is selected, a T appears on the left side of the display. FOCUS DISPLAY Permits focusing of the display on E-series instruments, using the data keys, the step keys, or the knob.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-4 Control Functions Control Keys Access Key Description MAX HOLD B TRACE Displays and holds the maximum responses of the input signal in trace B. NORM REF POSN TRACE Adjusts the normalized reference position. For use with NORMLIZE ON OFF. NORMLIZE ON OFF TRACE Switches the normalization routine, for stimulus-response measurements, on and off.
Key Function Descriptions Key Function Tables Table 4-4 Control Functions Control Keys Access Key Description TRIG POL POS NEG TRIG Sets the external trigger to trigger on the rising edge (POS) or the falling edge (NEG) of the rear panel trigger input. UNITS AUTO MAN AUTO COUPLE Accesses a menu of amplitude units. AUTO indicates default units for the amplitude scale are in use. MAN indicates other units can be selected.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Key Descriptions Descriptions are listed alphabetically by the front-panel key or softkey label. ∆MARKER OCC BW Calculates the occupied power bandwidth with respect to the power between the markers, instead of with respect to the total power in the span. The percent occupied power is set by the OCCUPIED [ %] softkey. The markers are moved to positions that indicate the edges of the occupied power bandwidth.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions This is also referred to as the frequency analog voltage (FAV). Connector J8 is labeled LO SWP|FAV OUTPUT, (or LO SWP 0.5 V/GHz on older spectrum analyzers). When using an 8560 E-Series or EC-Series with a tracking generator such as an Agilent 85640A, this softkey must be activated. Pressing PRESET does not change the selection of FAV as the output for J8. If the preselected external mixer mode is selected, rear-panel output J8 is automatically switched to the 0.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions When used remotely, the MKBW command finds the signal bandwidth at 3 dB below the on-screen marker (if a marker is present) or the signal peak (if no on-screen marker is present). Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER 6dBPOINTS When using 6dB POINTS, a peak search is performed and the 6 dB bandwidth of the largest signal on-screen is displayed in the message area.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The trace math function is executed on all subsequent sweeps until it is turned off. An M appears on the left edge of the display to indicate the function is active. The display line is activated as a result of this function; however, it can only be turned off by DSPL LIN ON OFF. (DSPL LIN ON OFF can be accessed with DISPLAY.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions PEAK METHOD The sweep is changed from one sweep, to cover the range of all alternate and adjacent channels, to one sweep for each channel under test. In the faster acceleration, the sweep time is controlled to allow the same number of burst RF cycles in each sweep as would occur in the normal sweep if the spectrum analyzer had 400 measurement cells in its display; the peak is measured over time intervals equivalent to the burst period.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions International standards (MKK method) are written around this so the fastest mode has minimal errors due to acceleration. Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER ACCELRAT FASTER Speeds up the ACP measurement with a minimal affect on the accuracy or repeatability. Sweep speeds or measurement techniques are changed to allow faster measurements than those described by the standards. The techniques used to speed up the measurement depend on the method being used.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions ACP AUTO MEASURE turns off the following functions if they are on: • • • • • Trace Math Video Averaging Functions Frequency Count Signal Tracking AM/FM Demodulation The spectrum analyzer center frequency should be set to the transmitter intended center frequency. The reference level should be set to optimize the displayed range to minimize the number of data points above the top or below the bottom of the range of the chosen display scale.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions ACP COMPUTE Performs an adjacent channel power (ACP) computation on the current trace data without changing the instrument state settings. This computation operates exactly the same as that of ACP AUTO MEASURE, but ACP COMPUTE allows you to control the instrument state settings. The peak method or analog method must be selected to use this function.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions In addition to the warning messages for invalid instrument-state parameters listed above, the following three error messages may be observed in the lower right corner of the display: • ERR 908 BW>>SPCG indicates that the channel bandwidth is too wide, compared to the channel spacing, for a valid computation. • ERR 909 SPAN
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The graph can demonstrate how rapidly the ACP ratio changes with channel spacing. The peak method or analog method must be selected since the graph function requires data that is only available with these methods. The upper graticule represents an ACP ratio of 0 dB. The vertical scale for the ACP graph is the same as the vertical scale for the spectrum trace, usually 10 dB/division.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The measurement state parameters that may be changed include: • resolution bandwidth • video bandwidth • span • sweep time • detector mode • gating parameters • trigger parameter • video averaging Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER ADJ CURRIF STATE Executes a routine that adjusts only the current bandwidth state. During this adjustment, the message IF ADJUST STATUS: appears in the active function area.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The spectrum analyzer chooses appropriate values for these functions depending on the selected frequency and span (or start and stop frequencies). These values are set according to the coupled ratios stored under VBW/RBW RATIO or RBW/SPAN RATIO. If no ratios are stored, default ratios are used instead. Front-panel key access: AUTO COUPLE AM DEMOD ON OFF Not available in normalized mode. Turns AM demodulation ON or OFF.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions A W appears on the left edge of the display to indicate the function is active. If you have not previously edited or recalled correction data, then the ampcor function is not activated and the message No Correction Loaded appears in the active annunciator area of the display. Each correction point consists of a frequency at which the correction should be applied and an amplitude, in dB, of the correction.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions NOTE Amplitude units are not available in normalized mode. ANALOG METHOD Makes adjacent channel power (ACP) measurements by measuring continuous power integration versus frequency. Uses an analog method that measures the power in the main and adjacent channels assuming a continuous carrier. The rms power of that carrier is detected using power detection. This is done by using a video bandwidth that is much wider than the resolution bandwidth.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions W Amplitude correction (ampcor) is on X 10 MHz reference is external + External mixer bias is greater than 0 mA − External mixer bias is less than 0 mA Front-panel key access: DISPLAY ANNOT ON OFF Blanks the annotation from the display (OFF) or reactivates it (ON). Front-panel key access: DISPLAY ATTEN AUTO MAN Available with internal mixing only. Adjusts the spectrum analyzer input attenuator.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Front-panel key access: AUTO COUPLE AUX CTRL Accesses the softkeys that control auxiliary functions, for example, the tracking generator and AM or FM demodulation. AUX CTRL accesses TRACKING GENRATOR, INTERNAL MIXER, EXTERNAL MIXER, AM/FM DEMOD, and REAR PANEL. Front-panel key access: AUX CTRL AVERAGE CNV LOSS Displays the mean conversion loss for the current harmonic and allows you to enter new conversion loss data.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER BW Selects operation with a monochrome printer, such as an HP ThinkJet, for use by the COPY key. Front-panel key access: CONFIG B-DL→B Subtracts the value of the display line from the contents of trace B and places the result in trace B. This function is executed only once; to execute it again, press B-DL→B again. The display line is activated as a result of this function.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER BURST PERIOD Allows you to enter the period (cycle time) of the burst RF signal. The cycle time is needed to set sweep times. Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER BURST WIDTH Allows you to enter the pulse width ("on" time) of the burst RF signal. The pulse width is needed in the gated method to set gating times. It is also needed in the burst power method.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The SAVELOCK ON OFF function must be off. If this procedure needs to be interrupted at any time, press ABORT. Front-panel key access: AUX CTRL CAL THRU Activates a procedure to store a thru calibration trace into trace B and into the nonvolatile memory of the spectrum analyzer (for future reference). When activated, the message Connect THRU. Store when ready. appears in the active function block. Once the thru is connected, press STORE THRU.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Front-panel key access: FREQUENCY CF STEP AUTO MAN Adjusts the center-frequency step-size. When this function is in coupled (AUTO) mode and center frequency is the active function, pressing a step key yields a one-division shift (10 percent of span) in the center frequency for spans greater than 0 Hz. For zero span, pressing a step key when center frequency is the active function yields a center-frequency shift equal to 25 percent of the resolution bandwidth.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions CHAN UP Moves the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer higher in frequency by one channel spacing. Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER CHANNEL BANDWDTH Allows you to set the channel bandwidth for an adjacent channel power (ACP) measurement. Changing the channel bandwidth will affect the channel power bandwidth setting (CHPWR BW [ ]). The channel bandwidth can be adjusted using the data keys, the step keys, or the knob.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions This allows amplitude correction to be entered to compensate for changes in conversion loss with frequency. To enter a new value, use the data keys. To change the displayed frequency, use the step keys. Any changes to the data also affect the mean conversion loss stored under AVERAGE CNV LOSS. shows the number of flatness points for each band and the default flatness values. To view the correction, connect a 310.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Front-panel key access: CONFIG CONT MEASURE Sets the measurements, available under the front panel MEAS/USER key, so that they run continuously. The selected measurement is repeated unless interrupted by another front panel key. The COPY key does not stop the measurement. Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER COPY Transfers display data to a GPIB device (either a printer or a plotter) that has been selected with COPY DEV PRNT PLT.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The counted value appears in the upper right corner of the display. Front-panel key access: FREQ COUNT COUNTER RES Adjusts the resolution of the frequency-count measurement. The resolution ranges from 1 Hz to 1 MHz in decade increments. The default value is 10 kHz. The counter measurement occurs over a time interval of twice the reciprocal of the counter resolution for resolution bandwidths greater than or equal to 300 Hz.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Figure 4-3 CRT Alignment Pattern 228 Chapter 4
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions DATE CODE OPTIONS Displays the analyzer firmware datecode, the instrument serial number, the model number, and the number of options that are installed in the spectrum analyzer. Note that both E-series and EC-series instruments will appear as E-series instruments in the display when the DATECODE&OPTION key is pressed. EC-series and E-series instruments with Option 007 will both appear as Option 007 instruments.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions For the Agilent 8563E/EC, valid options are: • Option 001 Second IF output • Option 005 Alternate sweep output • Option 007 Fast time domain sweeps (E-series only) • Option 008 Signal Identification • Option 026 APC 3.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions dBm Selects absolute decibels relative to 1 milliwatt as the amplitude units. Front-panel key access: AMPLITUDE dBµV Selects absolute decibels relative to 1 µvolt as the amplitude units. Front-panel key access: AMPLITUDE dBmV Selects absolute decibels relative to 1 millivolt as the amplitude units. Front-panel key access: AMPLITUDE DELETE CORR PT Deletes the currently selected frequency-amplitude correction pair from the list of correction points.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Detector Mode Typical Measurement Positive Peak Good for making sure you do not miss any fast signal peaks. Good for seeing signals that are very close to the noise floor. Shows a noise floor that is slightly higher than the actual noise floor. Negative Peak Mostly used for troubleshooting the spectrum analyzer and not for making measurements. Gives a good representation of the modulation envelope for an AM modulated signal.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions DETECTOR POS PEAK Selects the positive-peak detector mode. Used to detect the positive-peak noise level of a trace. This is the detector selected by MAX HOLD. Front-panel key access: TRACE DETECTOR SAMPLE Sets the detector to sample mode. This mode is used with the video averaging and marker noise functions, as well as for the combination of resolution bandwidths greater than or equal to 300 Hz and video bandwidths less than or equal to 100 Hz.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions DSPL LIN ON OFF Activates a display line that can be adjusted with the data keys, the step keys, or the knob. When the display line is ON, pressing DSPL LIN ON OFF again turns the display line OFF. Front-panel key access: DISPLAY EDGE POL POS NEG NOTE Selects the polarity for edge triggering of a gated measurement. The gate can be triggered on either a positive or negative going edge of the rear panel input EXT/GATE TRIG INPUT.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Data entry is simplified if you are entering new correction pairs in frequency order. After using the EDIT FREQ softkey and entering the frequency data, a default amplitude is provided and the EDIT AMPL softkey is activated. This default corresponds to the previous amplitude correction value in the list, if one exists, or 0 dB if the new point is the first correction on the list.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions ELAPSED TIME Displays the cumulative operating time of the spectrum analyzer. The value, which is expressed in hours, appears in the active function block. Front-panel key access: RECALL ERASE TITLE Erases the current title from the display. Front-panel key access: DISPLAY EXIT & RESTORE Leaves the ACP menus, turns off the current function, and restores the spectrum analyzer state to the previous state.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions EXTERNAL Sets the trigger to external mode. Connect an external trigger source to J5 EXT/GATE TRIG INPUT on the rear panel of the spectrum analyzer. The source must range from 0 V to 5 V dc (TTL). The trigger occurs on the rising or falling edge of the signal (about 1.5 V) as selected by the TRIG POL POS NEG softkey function. Front-panel key access: TRIG EXTERNAL MIXER Not available with Option 002 and non-functional in instruments with Option 327.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The FFT results are displayed on the spectrum analyzer in a 10 dB per division logarithmic scale. For the horizontal dimension, the frequency at the left side of the graph is 0 Hz, and at the right side is 300 divided by the sweep time. Also, peak search marker is activated. The FFT function is commonly used to measure AM in the presence of incidental FM.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Front-panel key access: DISPLAY FRAC N FREQ Displays the fractional N frequency corresponding to the start frequency. This oscillator is used for fine-tuning the local oscillator. Front-panel key access: CAL FREE RUN Sets the trigger to free-run mode. Sweep triggers occur as rapidly as the spectrum analyzer will allow. Front-panel key access: TRIG FREQ COUNT Activates the frequency counter and displays its results in the upper-right corner of the screen.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions FREQ DSP OFF Turns off all frequency annotation. This includes the start and stop frequencies, center frequency, frequency span, marker readouts, center-frequency step size, and signal identification to center frequency. Once this key is pressed, there is no way to display the frequency data. To reactivate the annotation, press PRESET. Front-panel key access: DISPLAY FREQ OFFSET Adds an offset to the displayed frequency values, including marker frequency values.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions FULL SPAN Sets the spectrum analyzer to the center-frequency span mode and sets the span to the maximum range. Full span is: Spectrum Analyzer Frequency Span 8560E/EC 2.9 GHz Agilent 8561E/EC 6.5 GHz Agilent 8562E/EC 13.2 GHz Agilent 8563E/EC 26.5 GHz Agilent 8564E/EC 40 GHz Agilent 8565E/EC 50 GHz Front-panel key access: SPAN GRAT ON OFF Blanks the graticule from the display (OFF) or reactivates it (ON).
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The gate function requires a gate trigger signal be connected to the rear panel. If the gate is turned on without a signal present, operating other functions like signal tracking, signal identification, frequency count, or preselector peaking may cause the spectrum analyzer to stop functioning until it is powered on again.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions This function is automatically deactivated when the spectrum analyzer is set to zero span, with a sweep time less than 30 ms. It is automatically reactivated when either the spectrum analyzer is set to a span greater than 0 Hz, or the sweep time is set greater than or equal to 30 ms with a resolution bandwidth greater than or equal to 300 Hz. When reactivated, several sweeps may need to be taken before automatic adjustment is completed.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions LAST SPAN Sets the spectrum analyzer to the previously selected span, allowing you to toggle between two settings. For example, you can toggle between zero span and a larger span to view modulation in both the frequency and time domains. Front-panel key access: SPAN LAST STATE Recalls the instrument state that existed before the last time that PRESET was pressed.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Table 4-6 Mixing Harmonics for Unpreselected External Mixing Frequency Band Frequency Range (GHz) Mixing Harmonic Conversion Loss (Default) W 75.0 to 110.0 18− 30 dB F 90.0 to 140.0 24− 30 dB D 110.0 to 170.0 30− 30 dB G 140.0 to 220.0 36− 30 dB Y 170.0 to 260.0 44− 30 dB J 220.0 to 325.0 54− 30 dB LOCK ON OFF Displays the current external mixing harmonic number.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions LVL POL POS NEG Selects the polarity for turning the gate on when using level triggering for a gated measurement. If (POS) is underlined, the gate will be on while the rear panel trigger input is high. The gate will be on while the trigger input is low if (NEG) is selected. The gate delay and gate length functions are not available when level triggering is used.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Figure 4-4 Tracking Error MARKER→CF Sets the center frequency equal to the marker frequency. This function provides a quick way to move a signal to the center of the screen. Front-panel key access: MKR → or PEAK SEARCH MARKER→CF STEP Sets the center frequency step-size equal to the marker frequency. Front-panel key access: MKR → MARKER→REF LVL Sets the reference level equal to the amplitude of the marker.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions If a single marker is already on, MARKER DELTA places both an anchor marker and an active (movable) marker at the position of the original, single marker. To move the active marker, use either the knob, the step keys, or the data keys. If two markers are already on, pressing MARKER DELTA once makes it the active function.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions MAX HOLD B Displays and holds the maximum responses of the input signal in trace B. In this mode, the trace accepts data from subsequent sweeps and selects the positive-peak detector mode. Front-panel key access: TRACE MAX MXR LEVEL Available with internal mixing only. Selects the maximum signal amplitude seen at the input mixer. This value is always in dBm, regardless of the selected scale or units.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions ANALOG METHOD Continuous power integration versus frequency measurement Selects the analog method which measures the power in the main and adjacent channels assuming a continuous carrier. The rms power of that carrier is detected using power detection. This is done by using a video bandwidth that is much wider than the resolution bandwidth. Then the power, not the log of the power, of each measurement cell is added. This method measures analog FM systems.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The characteristics of these two types of power change differently with resolution bandwidth changes, so they can be computed algebraically from measurements in two bandwidths. The impulsive powers for all frequencies within each adjacent channel are converted to an equivalent voltage. These voltages are assumed to be in phase so they are added to compute a peak voltage in the channel and a peak power is computed.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The impulsive part of the power is found by the power difference between an ungated measurement and the gated measurement. This method supports TIA/EIA IS-54 NADC-TDMA measurements. Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER MKR Accesses a menu of softkeys: MARKER NORMAL, MARKER DELTA, MARKER 1/DELTA, MKRNOISE ON OFF, SIG TRK ON OFF, and MARKERS OFF. MKR also activates the current marker mode (such as MARKER DELTA); if no mode is active, MKR activates MARKER NORMAL.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions This function is useful in harmonic distortion measurements, where the delta marker can be used to mark the difference between harmonics, and MKR ∆ -> CF can be used to tune to the frequency of the fundamental.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The MKR∆ → CHPWR BW softkey can be used to change the desired channel power bandwidth to the frequency difference between the two markers that are currently on the signal. The MKR MEAN → CF is then used to center this bandwidth on the display. Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER MKR NOISE ON OFF Not available when a tracking generator is active.Turns the marker noise function ON or OFF.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions NEW CORR PT Moves you to a new point at the end of the list of frequency-amplitude correction points and activates the EDIT FREQ softkey. This is a convenient way to enter a new correction point when you are not currently at the end of the list of corrections. Front-panel key access: CAL NEXT PEAK Moves the active marker to the next highest trace point relative to the current marker position. Finds successively lower peaks when pressed repeatedly.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The normalized reference position may be adjusted between 0.0 and 10.0 (corresponding to the bottom and top graticule lines, respectively) using the data keys, step keys, or knob. The normalized-reference-position adjustment allows measured data to be compared to a reference position, where the difference between the measured data and the reference position represents the gain or loss of the device under test.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions To avoid this error, update the CAL THRU or CAL OPN/SHRT state register with the current state before turning NORMLIZE ON OFF on. The CAL THRU state register is state register 9. The CAL OPN/SHRT state register is state register 8. Make sure the trace is updated before saving the state. Front-panel key access: AUX CTRL or TRACE OCCUPIED[ %] Allows you to enter the desired percentage of occupied power for the OCCUPIED BANDWDTH and ∆MKR → OCC % functions.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The excursion values range from 0 dB to 30 dB in log mode, and 0.1 to 10.0 divisions in linear mode. The default value is 6 dB. Any portion of a peak that falls below the peak threshold is also used to satisfy the peak excursion criteria. For example, when the peak excursion is equal to 6 dB, a peak that is equal to 3 dB above the peak threshold will be found if the peak extends an additional 3 dB or more below the threshold.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions PEAK SEARCH and PEAKSEARCH Places a marker on the highest point on a trace. The frequency and amplitude of the marker are displayed in the upper-right corner of the screen; PEAK SEARCH does not alter the active function. The trace must meet the criterion set by the marker threshold function in order for a peak to be found. If no peak is found and no marker is active, the marker will be placed on the trace at center screen.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions When DSP is selected, the analyzer scales the full display (excluding the softkey area), so that the corresponding hardcopy plot resides completely within the user-defined P1 and P2 limits. When GRAT is selected, P1 and P2 correspond to the lower-left and upper-right corners of the graticule. If a full plot is activated using COPY, the graticule will be scaled according to the P1 and P2 parameters; however, the annotation will be plotted outside the defined range.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions PLOTTER CONFIG Accesses plotter configuration options to set the plotter address, to assign the origin, and to plot trace A, trace B, the graticule, or the frequency annotation. Front-panel key access: CONFIG NOTE If the message CONNECT PLOTTER appears briefly in the active function area of the display when executing any plot function, and there are no other errors, the plotter is not connected to the GPIB.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions For internal mixing the marker must be positioned above band 0. Set the trace to clear-write mode, place a marker on the desired point, then press PRESEL AUTO PEAK. The peaking routine zooms to zero span, peaks the preselector tracking, then returns to the original span. To read the new preselector peaking number, press PRESEL MAN ADJ. Preselector peaking is available only with resolution bandwidths greater than 100 Hz.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Place a marker on the desired signal on a trace, then press PRESEL MAN ADJ. The current preselector tracking number, which is displayed in the active function block, can be changed using the data keys, the step keys, or the knob. The value ranges from 0 to 255. If no marker is active, pressing PRESEL MAN ADJ automatically activates a marker at the peak.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions PRESET Sets the spectrum analyzer to a known, predefined state. PRESET does not affect the spectrum analyzer GPIB address, the contents of any data or trace registers, stored preselector data, or any state and trace registers that are locked (SAVELOCK). PRESET also accesses the LAST STATE softkey. Refer to Table 4-7 on page 264 for a description of each analyzer predefined state which is stored in memory and cannot be changed.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Table 4-7 Instrument State after PRESET Is Executed Function State FREQUENCY COUNTER OFF FREQUENCY COUNTER RESOLUTION 10 kHz FREQUENCY DISPLAY ON FREQUENCY MODE CENTER FREQUENCY, SPAN FREQUENCY OFFSET 0 Hz GATE OFF GATE CONTROL EDGE GATE DELAY 3µs GATE LENGTH 1µs GATE POLARITY POSITIVE GRATICULE ON INPUT ATTENUATION 10 dB, AUTO MARKER MODE OFF MAX MIXER LEVEL −10 dBm MIXER INT MIXER CONV LOSS 30.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Table 4-7 Instrument State after PRESET Is Executed Function State SPAN 2.9 GHz, AUTO (8560E/EC) 6.5 GHz, AUTO (Agilent 8561E/EC) 13.2 GHz, AUTO (Agilent 8562E/EC) 26.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Front-panel key access: CONFIG PRINTER CONFIG Accesses printer configuration options to set the printer address and to select a black-and-white or color printer. Front-panel key access: CONFIG NOTE If the printer is not connected when any of the print functions are executed, then the message CONNECT PRINTER appears in the active function block. PURGE CORR Allows you to delete the entire table of frequency-amplitude correction points currently being edited.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions RANGE LVL Appears only when NORMLIZE ON OFF is set to ON.Activates the dynamic-range-level function, which corresponds to the top of the display in dBm. RANGE LVL ensures that the displayed range is compression-free by adjusting the input attenuator and IF gain accordingly. RANGE LVL is equivalent to REF LVL, which is commonly used in signal-analysis measurements.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions RBW/SPAN RATIO Displays the current coupling ratio between the resolution bandwidth and the frequency span. The ratio is displayed in the active function block, and it is used when resolution bandwidth is in coupled mode. The ratio ranges from 0.002 to 0.10, in a 1, 2, 5 sequence. The default ratio is 0.011. Front-panel key access: BW REALIGN LO & IF Activates the automatic local oscillator (LO) and intermediate frequency (IF) alignment routines.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions RECALL AMPCOR Recalls a table of frequency-amplitude correction points that was previously saved. Front-panel key access: CAL RECALL ERRORS Displays the last error that has occurred. Use the step keys to cycle through accumulated errors. For a list of all error codes and additional error information, refer to Appendix C, "Error Messages", or to the installation and verification manual.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions The data in this table is sufficient for virtually all applications, because this is the table that allows the spectrum analyzer to meet its published specifications. 3. User Data Table is the current data table that was saved last and is recalled using the RECALL PRSEL PK softkey. The same user data table is used to store either internal or external preselector data. The preselector data saved depends on the current mode (internal or external).
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions RECALL TO TR A Displays a menu of eight registers from which trace data can be recalled and placed in trace A. The recall-trace registers appear on two menus: TRACE 0 through TRACE 4 on the first page, and TRACE 5 through TRACE 7 on the second page. To recall trace data from a desired register into trace A, press the softkey next to the register number, or enter the number using the data keys. Terminate the entry with any units key (Hz, kHz, and so on).
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions When the desired calibration level is reached, STORE REF LVL may be pressed to store the new value in nonvolatile memory. If STORE REF LVL is not pressed, the new value remains in use until a power-on occurs. Front-panel key access: CAL REF LVL OFFSET Introduces an offset to all amplitude readouts (for example, reference level and marker amplitude). It does not change the position of the trace on-screen.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions SAVE AMPCOR Saves the current table of frequency-amplitude correction points. Front-panel key access: CAL SAVE PRSEL PK For use only with internal mixing or preselected external mixing. Saves the current preselector-peak data in the user data table. This does not affect the preselector data that is set at the factory or by service personnel.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions NOTE When PRESET is pressed, the preselector data stored by the user does not change. However, the factory settings now become active. Factory preselector data always takes precedence over user-activated preselected data, unless the user data is explicitly recalled using RECALL PRSEL PK. For more information on storing and recalling preselector data, refer to the SAVE PRSEL PK and RECALL PRSEL PK softkeys.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions NOTE SAVE TRACE A and SAVE TRACE B use exactly the same eight save-trace registers in which to store trace data. Be careful not to overwrite previously saved trace data. Trace-registers 5, 6, and 7 should not be used when using an Agilent 85620A mass memory module. These registers are used by the module and may be overwritten if data has been previously stored in them.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions SCROLL CORR PTS Activates a 3 line display of the current frequency-amplitude correction data. Each correction point consists of a frequency at which the correction should be applied and an amplitude, in dB, of the correction. The list of correction points is sorted in order by frequency and is numbered. The currently selected frequency-amplitude correction pair is marked with an *.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions SIG ID AT MKR For firmware revisions ≤920528 or for Option 008 only. Activates a signal-identification function that locates the frequency and harmonic number of the mixer response. Place a marker on the desired signal, then activate SIG ID AT MKR. The frequency of the signal and the LO harmonic mixing number appear in the active function block.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions SINGLE MEASURE Puts the spectrum analyzer in single sweep. Completes the current measurement and stops further measurements from occurring. If the measurement is already stopped, it is re-started and one measurement is completed. Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER SOURCE CAL MENU Accesses a menu of softkeys that allow you to calibrate for frequency-response errors in test setups.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions SQUELCH ON OFF Adjusts the squelch level. The value is displayed in the active function block, in dBm. The squelch level is also indicated by a dashed line across the display. A marker must be active and located above the squelch line for demodulation to occur when squelch is on. Note that in zero span, squelch for AM is inactive. Front-panel key access: AUX CTRL SRC PWR OFFSET For 8560E/EC Option 002.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions Front-panel key access: FREQUENCY STATE 0 through STATE 9 Allows you to select which state register to recall or save instrument state information. NOTE State registers 8 and 9 are used to store normalization traces. Refer to tracking-generator calibration softkey descriptions in this chapter for more information. Recalling from a state register You can recall previously saved state information from 10 state registers (STATE 0 through STATE 9).
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions SWEEP Activates the sweep time function and accesses a menu of sweep-related functions, which are as follows: SWP TIME AUTO MAN, SWEEP CONT SGL, GATE ON OFF, GATED VIDEO, DLY SWP [ ], DLY SWP ON OFF, GATE DLY [ ], GATE LEN [ ], EDGE POL POS NEG, and GATE CTL EDGE LVL. SWEEP also activates the sweep-time function. Front-panel key access: SWEEP SWEEP CONT SGL Allows you to select continuous sweep or single sweep mode.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions An E appears in the special functions area at the left side of the display screen when the stimulus response mode is selected. Manual sweep mode only applies to SA mode. If SWP TIME AUTO MAN is set to MAN, the analyzer sweep time coupling defaults to SA mode. The SWP CPL SR SA softkey is located under the TRACKING GENRATOR menu. Front-panel key access: AUTO COUPLE or SWEEP THRESHLD ON OFF Sets a threshold that determines the lower limit of the active traces.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions TRACKING GENRATOR For an 8560E/EC Option 002 see the alternate softkey description below. Displays softkey menus only for use with an external tracking generator. The minimum resolution bandwidth that is supported for stimulus-response measurements is 300 Hz. Front-panel key access: AUX CTRL NOTE Before making a stimulus-response measurement, maximize the tracking adjustment of the tracking generator to ensure amplitude accuracy.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions TRIG Accesses a menu of trigger functions: SWEEP CONT SGL, FREE RUN, VIDEO, LINE, EXTERNAL, and TRIG POL POS NEG. When any mode other than FREE RUN is selected, a T appears in the special functions area at the left side of the display screen. Front-panel key access: TRIG TRIG POL POS NEG Sets the sweep to trigger on the rising edge (POS) or the falling edge (NEG) of the trigger signal.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions VID AVG ON OFF Turns the video averaging ON or OFF. Video averaging smooths the displayed trace without using a narrow video bandwidth. The function sets the detector mode to sample mode and smoothes the trace by averaging successive traces with each other. Front-panel key access: BW or TRACE VIDEO Sets the trigger to video mode.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions VIEW TBL TRCE Sets the display mode for an adjacent channel power measurement to show a table (TBL) of the measurement results or to show a representative spectrum trace (TRCE). The trace option is not available when using the burst power measurement method. The trace option is also not available when using acceleration with any of the methods except the analog method. Front-panel key access: MEAS/USER VOLTS Selects volts as the display amplitude units.
Key Function Descriptions Key Descriptions WEIGHTNG √ COS OFF Turns on or off the function that does root-raised-cosine weighting of the spectrum data for an ACP measurement. This weighting simulates the filtering expected in the radio receiver to be used.
5 Programming 289
Programming Programming Features Programming Features This chapter describes how to operate an 8560 E-Series or EC-Series spectrum analyzer by remote (computer) control.
Programming Setup Procedure for Remote Operation Setup Procedure for Remote Operation The following procedure describes how to connect your equipment for remote operation of the 8560 E-Series or EC-Series spectrum analyzers. NOTE Refer to the Chapter 1 for more information on installing, configuring, and addressing the system. 1. Connect computer, spectrum analyzer system, and other peripherals with GPIB cables.
Programming Setup Procedure for Remote Operation Figure 5-1 8560E connected to an HP 9000 Series 300 computer.
Programming Communication with the System Communication with the System This section develops some fundamental techniques for controlling the spectrum analyzer and obtaining reliable measurement results. The spectrum analyzer is remotely controlled with commands that correspond to front-panel softkey functions.
Programming Communication with the System Figure 5-2 Output Statement Example (I) GPIB An ENTER statement used in conjunction with a spectrum analyzer query returns information to the computer.
Programming Communication with the System Figure 5-4 Output Statement Example (III) GPIB The value of the center frequency above is placed in the variable named "Center." The variable can be printed, stored, or used for other computer functions. Syntax Requirements All of the program examples in this manual show recommended command syntax. All spectrum analyzer commands must be constructed according to specific syntactical rules that are outlined in Chapter 7, "Language Reference.
Programming Communication with the System Local and Remote Control Whenever the spectrum analyzer is remotely addressed, all front-panel keys and softkeys are disabled, except for the one GPIB related softkey RMT LCL. When the analyzer is remotely addressed, the remote mode (RMT) is selected. Pressing RMT LCL until "LCL" is underlined returns the analyzer to local mode, clears the softkey menu, and reactivates front-panel operation. Executing the HP BASIC statement LOCAL achieves the same result.
Programming Initial Program Considerations Initial Program Considerations Programs should begin with a series of HP BASIC statements and signal analyzer commands that form a good starting point for measurements. Some initial program considerations are discussed below.
Programming Program Timing Program Timing Most remotely controlled measurements require control of the sweep. The TS (take sweep) command initiates a sweep when the trigger conditions are met. When TS is executed as part of a command sequence, the analyzer starts and completes one full sweep before the next analyzer command is executed. Use the SNGLS (single sweep) command to maintain absolute control over the sweep and to reduce execution time.
Programming Program Timing Connect the calibrator signal to the analyzer 50Ω INPUT before performing this example. 10 CLEAR 718 20 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;TS;" Initialize analyzer. 30 OUTPUT 718;"CF 300MHZ;SP 1MHZ;" Change measurement range.
Programming Program Timing The previous program example does not measure with the new analyzer settings as depicted by the data-invalid indicator "*" in the upper right corner. To obtain valid trace information, the trace must be updated with the TS command. Here is the program again, corrected to include the TS command. EXAMPLE. Change the measurement range, then update trace information. Connect the calibrator signal to the analyzer 50Ω INPUT before performing this example.
Programming Program Timing The next example processes trace information with a marker command, MKPK HI (marker peak highest), which selects the highest amplitude level in the trace. Because the program changes the measurement range, the trace information must be updated with TS before MKPK HI is executed. EXAMPLE. Use TS to update trace information before using the marker commands. Connect the calibrator signal to the analyzer INPUT 50Ω before performing this example.
Programming Program Timing Figure 5-7 Update trace with TS before executing marker commands. As the example shows, TS is executed after analyzer settings are changed, but before trace information is processed. There are two commands that change the measurement range indirectly: MKCF (marker to center frequency) and MKRL (marker to reference level). They set the center frequency and reference level equal to the marker frequency and amplitude, respectively.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer Data Transfer to Computer An important part of spectrum-analyzer remote operation is sending and receiving trace data to and from a computer via GPIB. Three requirements apply to all trace data transfers: 1. Determine the trace length. The traces are composed of 601 data points, or trace elements. This is the length of all traces and cannot be changed. When transferring trace data to or from a computer, trace-data array dimensions must be set to 601 elements. 2.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer Use the TDF (trace data format) command to specify the format before sending data from the spectrum analyzer to the computer. The examples in this section illustrate how to use this command. The examples in this section use the ] (trace A) command. This command transfers data to and from trace A. The TRB (trace B) command is also available for transferring trace B data.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer The TDF (trace data format) command is used to select measurement or parameter units. Traces are stored internally as integers in the range from 0 to 600, where 0 represents the bottom graticule line and 600 represents the top graticule line. Because there are 10 graticule divisions vertically, there will be 60 measurement units per graticule.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer The left edge of the trace corresponds to the start frequency and the right edge corresponds to the stop frequency. You will need to know start and stop frequencies under which the trace data was measured if you plan to convert from position units to frequency. Trace-Data Formatting The TDF (trace-data format) command controls the formatting of trace-amplitude data.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer Line 10 dimensions array A to 601 elements (one element for each point of trace data). The array is dimensioned using the REAL statement, allowing each array element to accept real-number data. Line 20 sets the analyzer to a desired state. Line 30 calls the subprogram that queries the spectrum analyzer for the required state data. Line 40 specifies P-format (TDF P), then queries the analyzer for data in trace A (TRA?). Line 50 enters the data into the array.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer TDF M (M-format): Return Decimal Numbers in Measurement Units (output only) The measurement units (M) format transfers trace data as ASCII integer values in measurement units, which is the internal format used by the spectrum analyzer. See Figure 5-8 on page 309. The displayed amplitude of each element falls on one of 601 vertical points (with the 601st equal to the reference level).
Programming Data Transfer to Computer Figure 5-8 Data Transferred in TDF M Format See Table 5-1 on page 304 for an example of how data is sent to the computer using the TDF M format. TDF B (B-Format): Return Binary Numbers in Measurement Units (output only) The binary (B) format transmits data in measurement units, as binary numbers. This format provides the fastest data transfer and requires the least amount of memory to store data.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer Example 6 shows how to transfer data in B-format from the spectrum analyzer to a computer. EXAMPLE 6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 INTEGER Tra_binary(1:601) ASSIGN @Sa_bin TO 718;FORMAT OFF OUTPUT 718;"IP;CF 300MHZ;SP 20MHZ;SNGLS;TS;" CALL Get_settings(Fa,Fb,Rl,Rb,Vb,St,Lg,Aunits$) OUTPUT 718;"TDF B;TRA?" ENTER @Sa_bin;Tra_binary(*) END Line 10 dimensions the array Tra_binary to 601 elements.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer Example 7 converts binary values to measurement data and prints them on the computer display.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer The first two characters indicate that the transferred data is in A-block format. "1202" indicates the length of the trace data, expressed in bytes. As previously mentioned, trace data is composed of 601 trace elements. Each trace element is transferred as one word that is composed of two 8-bit bytes. Thus, 601 words contain 1202 bytes. 1202 is the trace length sent.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer To send trace data from the computer to the analyzer, refer to Example 9.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer Example 10 uses the I-block format to separate the # and I characters from the trace data.
Programming Data Transfer to Computer Transmission Sequence of Data on GPIB Table 5-2 on page 315 shows a GPIB transmission sequence for each format mode. Each one transmits the +10 dBm amplitude level of a one-element trace with the amplitude equal to the reference level. In each case, the HP 9000 Series 200 or 300 computer must be instructed how to interpret the data received correctly. The parenthetical numbers in the table are decimal values representing binary 8-bit numbers.
Programming Input and Output Buffers Input and Output Buffers Features of the 8560 E-Series and EC-Series include the input and output data buffers. This section describes how to take advantage of the buffers and how to avoid potential programming pitfalls. Benefits of an Output Buffer The 64-character input buffer allows you to send several data queries to the spectrum analyzer using only one HP BASIC OUTPUT statement.
Programming Input and Output Buffers If you are entering multiple values into multiple variables with one ENTER statement, use a "K" format with the ENTER statement. The spectrum analyzer separates queried values by a line feed with an end-or-identify (EOI) asserted; "K" format recognizes that a new value starts after each line feed with EOI. If you omit the USING statement, the ENTER statement will terminate on the first EOI encountered and generate an error.
Programming Input and Output Buffers If you have a timeout statement in your program, the timeout can occur; this depends on whether the timeout setting is shorter than the pause in the program. Synchronizing Your Program You can use spectrum analyzer queries to synchronize a program. For example, when executing a TS command, if you want to know when the TS command is complete, execute the DONE command immediately after TS. The DONE query is satisfied only after the sweep has been completed.
Programming Math Functions Math Functions The analyzer processes and stores measurement results that can be displayed or manipulated arithmetically. This section describes the internal processing of traces and tells how to manipulate data correctly with the math commands. Variables and Traces The analyzer processes all information as variables and trace arrays. For example, the analyzer reserves an area in memory for trace A information.
Programming Math Functions Adding and Subtracting in dBm Trace-math functions allow easy addition and subtraction of correction values in dBm units. For example, to correct for 3 dB of loss in trace A data values, you can add or subtract trace B, which has been preloaded with +3 dBm or −3 dBm as its data values. The two traces can then be added or subtracted using APB (trace A plus trace B) or AMB (trace A minus trace B) and thus eliminate the effects of the loss.
Programming Math Functions EXAMPLE 1 10 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;CF 300MHZ;SP 20KHZ;RB 10KHZ;RL −10DBM;LG 5DB;TS;" 20 OUTPUT 718;"CLRW TRA; CLRW TRB;TS;" 30 OUTPUT 718;"VIEW TRB;DL −16DBM;" 40 OUTPUT 718;"AMBPL ON;" 50 END Line 10 executes an instrument preset, then uses the calibration signal to simulate uncorrected data.
Programming Math Functions EXAMPLE 2 10 ! PUT TRACES ON SCREEN 20 INTEGER Atrace(1:601) 30 FOR I=1 TO 601 40 Atrace(I)=300 50 NEXT I 60 OUTPUT 718;"IP;LG 10DB;SNGLS;TS;" 70 OUTPUT 718 USING "#,K,W,601(W) ,K";"TDF A;TRA#A",1202,Atrace(*),";" 80 OUTPUT 718 USING "#,K,W,601(W) ,K";"TDF A;TRB#A",1202,Atrace(*),";" 90 OUTPUT 718;"AMB ON;" 100 PRINT "PRESS CONTINUE" 110 PAUSE 120 OUTPUT 718;"LN;SNGLS;TS;" 130 OUTPUT 718 USING "#,K,W,601(W) ,K";"TDF A;TRA#A",1202,Atrace(*),";" 140 OUTPUT 718 USING "#,K,W,601(W) ,
Programming Math Functions Figure 5-10 Display Units Chapter 5 323
Programming Creating Screen Titles Creating Screen Titles Screen titles allow you to label instrument data as shown in Figure 5-11. They can help identify on-screen data or data that you want to store or print. There are commands to create titles remotely and several methods can be used to make titles. These include using no format, or using A-block or I-block format. Each method is described below.
Programming Creating Screen Titles No-Format Method This is the simplest method for creating a title. No format is used; you simply enclose the title within string delimiters. A list of delimiters appears below. Refer to Example 1. EXAMPLE 1 10 20 OUTPUT 718;"TITLE@This is a title@;" END In this example, the "@" symbols are the string delimiters. Inside the delimiters is the title. A title can be up to 32 characters in length.
Programming Creating Screen Titles Line 30 sends the TITLE command to the analyzer: the #A to specify that the title is in A-block format; the string length; and the contents of the string, which is the actual title. The # sign in the USING statement suppresses any end-of-line characters. The USING statement specifies that some of the data will be sent as characters (K) and some as a 16-bit word (W). The character data is the spectrum analyzer command (TITLE #A) and the title (in A$).
Programming Generating Plots and Prints Remotely Generating Plots and Prints Remotely In addition to the plot and print functions available from the spectrum analyzer front panel, you can also generate plots and prints remotely. This section describes how to combine plot commands to generate plots, as well as the print command to generate a color or monochrome print.
Programming Generating Plots and Prints Remotely Figure 5-12 P1 and P2 Coordinates Table 5-3 Scaling Points for Various Plotters Typical Scaling Points Plotting Range Plotter P1x,P1y P2x,P2y X-Axis Y-Axis Agilent 7440 250,279 10250,7479 0 to 10900 0 to 7650 Agilent 7470A 250,279 10250,7479 0 to 10900 0 to 7650 Agilent 7475A 250,596 10250,7796 0 to 10365 0 to 7962 Making a Basic Plot To make a basic plot, choose P1 and P2 coordinates for the plot size you desire and set the plotter
Programming Generating Plots and Prints Remotely Line 10 queries the plotter for its P1 and P2 coordinates. Line 20 enters the P1 and P2 coordinate values into variables. Line 30 sends the spectrum analyzer PLOT command and the plotter coordinates.
Programming Generating Plots and Prints Remotely Line 100 returns the spectrum analyzer service requests to their initial condition. Line 110 prints on the computer screen that the plot is done. Plotting Options Perhaps you do not want the entire display contents transferred to the plotter. You may want to plot only a trace, or only a trace and the screen annotation. The spectrum analyzer PLOTSRC (plot source) command specifies the display contents you want to plot.
Programming Generating Plots and Prints Remotely 2. Set the printer to address 1, turn the printer off, and then turn the printer back on. If you cannot locate the address switch on the printer, refer to the printer operation manual. If you want to use a different printer address for remote operation, be sure to modify the examples accordingly. Remember, to generate prints from the spectrum analyzer front panel, you must reset the address to 1.
Programming Monitoring System Operation Monitoring System Operation The programming techniques discussed so far describe communication between the analyzer and the computer, where the sequence of all data transfer is controlled by a computer program. This section describes how the analyzer can interrupt computer operation when the analyzer has attained a particular state. The interrupting process is called a service request. Service requests have many applications.
Programming Monitoring System Operation Some of the routines (that are shown above) can be omitted, if only one instrument has been instructed to use the SRQ line, or if a particular instrument has been instructed to use the SRQ line for only one event. Several system-level statements are required to make the computer respond to service requests. The HP BASIC statement, ENABLE INTR (enable interrupt), tells the computer to monitor the service-request line.
Programming Monitoring System Operation The Service-Request Mask The service-request mode is enabled and controlled by the request-service-condition command, RQS. It defines a service-request mask that specifies which of the status-byte bits can generate a service request. Below, RQS specifies the ERROR-PRESENT and COMMAND-COMPLETE states (bits 5 and 4, respectively) for service requests.
Programming Monitoring System Operation In this example, Line 20 indicates that if an interrupt appears (ON INTR 7), the computer is to go to the subroutine Srq (GOSUB Srq). The 7 specifies the interface select code; in this case, it refers to the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB). Line 30 enables the computer to accept an interrupt. Here, the 7 again specifies the GPIB select code. The semicolon is part of the BASIC statement ENABLE INTR.
Programming Monitoring System Operation Lines 50 and 60 sends the take-sweep command; during the 10 video averages that will now occur, the computer remains on line 60. When the video averaging is complete, TS is complete and the "command complete" condition is satisfied. The computer then branches to the subroutine Srq. Lines 70 and 80 causes the computer to read the decimal equivalent of the generated service request into the variable Sbyte.
Programming Monitoring System Operation See Example 3.
Programming Monitoring System Operation EXAMPLE 4 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;CF 300MHZ;SP 20MHZ;TS;" OUTPUT 718;"RQS 16;" ON INTR 7 GOSUB Srq ENABLE INTR 7;2 Done=0 OUTPUT 718;"SRQ 16;" Idle: IF Done=0 GOTO Idle STOP Srq: Sbyte=SPOLL(718) PRINT Sbyte PRINT "INTERRUPT GENERATED" OUTPUT 718;"RQS 0;" Done=1 RETURN END Here, on Line 50, a "command complete" service request is immediately generated, and you can be sure that the routine will work.
6 Programming Command Cross Reference 339
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Cross Reference Features Programming Command Cross Reference Features • Front Panel Key Versus Command lists the front panel keys alphabetically and indicates the corresponding programming command, if any. • Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key lists the programming commands by functional groups and indicates the corresponding front panel key.
Programming Command Cross Reference Front Panel Key Versus Command Front Panel Key Versus Command Table 6-1 Front Panel Key Versus Command Key Programming Command # ALT CHANNELS ACPALTCH ∆MARKER OCC BW DELMKBW 0→10V LO SWP SWPOUT .
Programming Command Cross Reference Front Panel Key Versus Command Table 6-1 Front Panel Key Versus Command Key Programming Command AM DEMOD ON OFF DEMOD AM/FM DEMOD — AMP COR MENU — AMP COR ON OFF AMPCOR AMPLITUDE RL AMPTD CORRECT — AMPTD UNITS AUNITS ANALOG METHOD ACPMETHOD ANALYZER ADDRESS — ANNOT HELP — ANNOT ON OFF ANNOT ATTEN AUTO MAN AT AUTO ACP MEASURE ACPMEAS AUTO COUPLE — AUX CTRL — AVERAGE CNV LOSS CNVLOSS AVG "OFF" POWER CARROFF AVG "ON" POWER CARRON B B−D
Programming Command Cross Reference Front Panel Key Versus Command Table 6-1 Front Panel Key Versus Command Key Programming Command BURST PWR METHOD ACPMETHOD BW RB C CAL — CAL OPN/SHRT STOREOPEN, STORESHORT CAL THRU STORETHRU CARRIER PWR MENU — CENTER FREQ CF CF STEP AUTO MAN SS CF/2→CF — CF*2→CF — CH EDGES → ∆MKR MKCHEDGE CHAN DN CHANNEL CHAN PWR OVER BW CHPWRBW CHAN UP CHANNEL CHANNEL BANDWDTH ACPBW CHANNEL PWR MENU — CHANNEL SPACING ACPSP CHPWR BW [ ] CHPWRBW CHAR
Programming Command Cross Reference Front Panel Key Versus Command Table 6-1 Front Panel Key Versus Command Key Programming Command COUNTER RES MKFCR COUPLING AC DC COUPLE CRT ADJ PATTERN ADJCRT D DATECODE & OPTIONS ID, REV, SER dBµV AUNITS dBm AUNITS dBmV AUNITS DELETE CORR PT AMPCORDATA DEMOD TIME DEMODT DETECTOR MODES — DETECTOR NEG PEAK DET DETECTOR NORMAL DET DETECTOR POS PEAK DET DETECTOR SAMPLE DET DISPLAY — DLY SWEEP [ ] DLYSWP DLY SWP ON OFF DLYSWP DONE EDIT —
Programming Command Cross Reference Front Panel Key Versus Command Table 6-1 Front Panel Key Versus Command Key Programming Command EXTERNAL TM EXTERNAL MIXER MXRMODE EXT MXR PRE UNPR EXTMXR F FACTORY PRSEL PK — FFT MEAS FFT FM DEMOD ON OFF DEMOD FOCUS — FRAC N FREQ FDIAG FREE RUN TM FREQ COUNT MKFC FREQ DIAGNOSE FDIAG FREQ DSP OFF FDSP FREQ OFFSET FOFFSET FREQUENCY CF FULL BAND FULBAND FULL IF ADJ ADJIF FULL SPAN FS G GATE CTL EDGE LVL GATECTL GATE DLY [ ] GD GATE
Programming Command Cross Reference Front Panel Key Versus Command Table 6-1 Front Panel Key Versus Command Key Programming Command I IF ADJ ON OFF ADJIF INTENSTY — INTERNAL MIXER MXRMODE L LAST SPAN SP LAST STATE RCLS LINE TM LINEAR LN LOCK HARMONIC HNLOCK LOCK ON OFF HNLOCK, HNUNLK LO FREQ FDIAG LOG dB/DIV LG LVL POL POS NEG GP M MAN TRK ADJ SRCCRSTK, SRCFINTK MARKER →CF MKCF MARKER →CF STEP MKSS MARKER →REF LVL MKRL MARKER DELTA MKD MARKER 1/DELTA MKDR MARKER NORMA
Programming Command Cross Reference Front Panel Key Versus Command Table 6-1 Front Panel Key Versus Command Key Programming Command MKR→ MKN MKR ∆→CF MKCF MKR ∆→CF STEP MKSS MKR ∆ →CHPWR BW MKDELCHBW MKR ∆ →SPAN MKSP MKR 1/∆→CF — MKR 1/∆->CF STEP — MKR MEAN → CF MKMCF MKRNOISE ON OFF MKNOISE MODULE — N NEGATIVE BIAS MBIAS NEW CORR PT AMPCORDATA NEXT PEAK MKPK NEXT PK LEFT MKPK NEXT PK RIGHT MKPK NORMLIZE ON OFF NORMLIZE NORM REF LVL NRL NORM REF POSN NRPOS O OCCUPIED
Programming Command Cross Reference Front Panel Key Versus Command Table 6-1 Front Panel Key Versus Command Key Programming Command PLOT ANNOT PLOTSRC PLOT GRATICUL PLOTSRC PLOT ORG DSP GRAT PLOTORG PLOT TRACE A PLOTSRC PLOT TRACE B PLOTSRC PLOTTER ADDRESS — PLOTTER CONFIG PLOTSRC POSITIVE BIAS MBIAS POSTSCLR FDIAG POWER MENU — POWER ON RCLS PRESEL AUTO PK PP PRESEL MAN ADJ PSDAC PRESEL PEAK — PRESET IP PRINTER ADDRESS — PRINTER CONFIG — PURGE CORR AMPCORDATA PWR MENU
Programming Command Cross Reference Front Panel Key Versus Command Table 6-1 Front Panel Key Versus Command Key Programming Command RECALL ERRORS ERR RECALL OPN/SHRT RCLOSCAL RECALL PRSEL PK — RECALL STATE RCLS RECALL THRU RCLTHRU RECALL TO TR A RCLT RECALL TO TR B RCLT REF LVL RL REF LVL ADJ RLCAL REF LVL OFFSET ROFFSET RES BW AUTO MAN RB S SAMPLER FREQ FDIAG SAMPLER HARMONIC FDIAG SAVE — SAVE AMPCOR AMPCORSAVE SAVE PRSEL PK — SAVE STATE SAVES SAVE TRACE A SAVET SAVE
Programming Command Cross Reference Front Panel Key Versus Command Table 6-1 Front Panel Key Versus Command Key Programming Command SIG TRK ON OFF MKTRACK SINGLE MEASURE MEAS SOURCE CAL MENU — SPACE — SPACING/BANDWDTH — SPAN SP SPAN ZOOM — SQUELCH ON OFF SQUELCH SRC PWR OFFSET SRCPOFS SRC PWR ON OFF SRCPWR SRC PWR STP SIZE SRCPSTP START FREQ FA STOP FREQ FB SWEEP ST SWEEP CONT SGL CONTS, SNGLS SWP CPL SR SA SWPCPL SWP TIME AUTO MAN ST T THRESHLD ON OFF TH TITLE DONE
Programming Command Cross Reference Front Panel Key Versus Command Table 6-1 Front Panel Key Versus Command Key Programming Command V VBW/RBW RATIO VBR V/GHz .25 .
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key This table is a functional sort of the programming commands. Alternate commands common to the 8560 E-Series and EC-Series, and the Agilent 8566 and Agilent 8568, are shown within parentheses. For further information about alternate commands, see "Agilent 8566A and Agilent 8568A Compatible Commands" in this chapter.
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-2 Programming Command Functional Index Function Category AUXILIARY CONTROL Command Corresponding Key Function Description SS AUTO CF STEP AUTO MAN (AUTO) Auto-couples center-frequency step-size (CS). ST AUTO SWP TIME AUTO MAN (AUTO) Auto-couples sweep time (CT). VB AUTO VIDEO BW AUTO MAN (AUTO) Auto-couples video bandwidth (CV).
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-2 Programming Command Functional Index Function Category Command Corresponding Key Function Description AUXILIARY CONTROL PSDAC PRESEL MAN ADJ Adjusts or returns preselector-peak DAC number. (continued) RCLOSCAL RECALL OPN/SHRT Recalls stored open/short trace calibration data. RCLTHRU RECALL THRU Recalls stored thru calibration data. RL REF LVL RANGE LVL Adjusts the range level.
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-2 Programming Command Functional Index Function Category Command Corresponding Key Function Description CALIBRA TION ADJALL REALIGN LO &IF Initiates power-on adjustment sequence. ADJCRT CRT ADJ PATTERN Initiates CRT adjustment patterns. ADJIF IF ADJ ON OFF ADJ CURR IF STATE Initiates IF adjustment sequence. AMPCOR AMPCOR ON OFF Turns on and off the correction for system flatness.
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-2 Programming Command Functional Index Function Category DISPLAY Command Corresponding Key Function Description ANNOT ANNOT ON OFF Turns annotation on or off. BLANK BLANK A BLANK B Stores and blanks specified trace register (A4 and B4). DL DSPL LIN ON OFF Specifies display-line level in dBm, and turns the display line on or off. (L0) FDSP FREQ DSP OFF Turns all frequency display annotation off.
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-2 Programming Command Functional Index Function Category MARKER Command Corresponding Key Function Description PSDAC PRESEL MAN ADJ Adjusts or returns preselector-peak DAC number. REV DATECODE &OPTIONS Returns analyzer firmware revision date. RLCAL REF LVL ADJ Calibrates reference level. SER DATECODE &OPTIONS Returns analyzer serial number. MKA Amplitude of active marker (MA).
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-2 Programming Command Functional Index Function Category Command Corresponding Key Function Description ACPBRPER BURST PERIOD Sets the burst period for an adjacent channel power measurement. ACPBRWID BURST WIDTH Sets the burst width for an adjacent channel power measurement. ACPBW CHANNEL BANDWDTH Sets the channel bandwidth for an adjacent channel power measurement.
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-2 Programming Command Functional Index Function Category Command Corresponding Key Function Description MEASURE/ CHPWRBW CHPWR BW [ ] Sets the bandwidth for the desired channel power. DELMKBW ∆MARKER OCC BW Measures the occupied power bandwidth with respect to the power between the delta markers. FFT FFT MEAS Performs a discrete Fourier transform.
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-2 Programming Command Functional Index Function Category Command Corresponding Key Function Description PSTATE SAVELOCK ON OFF Protects saved states (save lock). RCLS RECALL STATE Recalls previously saved state (RC). RCLT RECALL TO TRA RECALL TO TRB Recalls specified trace data. SAVES PWR ON STATE Saves current state of the analyzer in the specified register (SV).
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-2 Programming Command Functional Index Function Category Command Corresponding Key Function Description TRACE DET DETECTOR MODES Specifies video detector type. TRACE MATH AMB A−B→A ON OFF A − B into A (C1 and C2). AMBPL A−B+DL→A ON OFF A − B + DL into A. APB A+B → A A + B into A. AXB A EXCH B Exchanges A and B (EX). BML B−DL → B B − DL into B (BL).
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Agilent 8566A and Agilent 8568A Compatible Commands This is a list of commands from the Agilent 8566A and Agilent 8568A spectrum analyzers that use the same mnemonic as the 8560 E- Series and EC-Series. The preferred 8560 E-Series and EC-Series mnemonic is also listed. Other commands may have the same mnemonic, but their results may differ slightly.
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-3 Backward-Compatible Commands Agilent 8566A Agilent 8568A Command Preferred Agilent 8560 E-Series and EC-Series Command Description E1 MKPK HI Marker to highest peak E2 MKCF Marker to Center Frequency E3 MKSS Marker Frequency to Center Frequency Step Size E4 MKRL Marker to Reference Level EX AXB Exchange Trace A and Trace B GZ GHZ Gigahertz (unit) KZ KHZ Kilohertz (unit) L0 DL OFF Display Line
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-3 Backward-Compatible Commands Agilent 8566A Agilent 8568A Command Preferred Agilent 8560 E-Series and EC-Series Command Description TB TRB? Trace B Data 364 Chapter 6
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Mass Memory Module Commands The following commands are available when the Agilent 85620A mass memory module is being used with the spectrum analyzer. See the documentation for the Agilent 85620A for more information.
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-4 Mass Memory Module Commands IF INT KEYCLR KEYDEF LCLVAR LIMD LIMF LIMIFAIL LIMIPURGE LIMIRCL LIMIREL LIMISAV LIMITEST LIML LIMM LIMTFL LIMTSL LIMU LOG MEAN MEM MENU MIN MOD MODRCLT MODSAVT MOV MPY MSDEV MXM ONEOS 366 IF THEN ELSE ENDIF forms a decision and branching construct. Places the greatest integer that is less than or equal to the source value into the destination. Clears softkeys 1 through 6.
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-4 Mass Memory Module Commands OR OUTPUT PA PD PDA PDF PEAKS PR PU RELHPIB REPEAT UNTIL RETURN RMS SADD SDEL SDON SEDI SENTER SETDATE SETTIME SHOWMENU SKYCLR SKYDEF SMOOTH SQR STDEV SUB Chapter 6 Sets the origin. Allows the spectrum analyzer to send data to other devices on the GPIB. Moves the pen to a vector location on the spectrum analyzer screen relative to the reference coordinates (0,0).
Programming Command Cross Reference Programming Command Versus Front Panel Key Table 6-4 Mass Memory Module Commands SUM SUMSQR TEXT TIMEDATE TRDEF VARDEF VARIANCE 368 Returns the sum of the amplitudes of the trace elements in measurement units. Returns the sum of the squares of the amplitude of each trace element. Writes text on the analyzer screen at the current pen position. Sets the time and date of the real-time clock. Declares a user-defined trace.
7 Language Reference 369
Language Reference Language Reference Features Language Reference Features This chapter contains complete information for the programming commands available to operate an 8560 E-Series or EC-Series spectrum analyzer. Cross-reference information for the softkeys and programming commands are supplied in Chapter 6. The commands available when using the mass memory module with the spectrum analyzer are listed in Table 6-4 on page 365.
Language Reference Syntax Diagram Conventions Syntax Diagram Conventions Command syntax is represented pictorially. Figure 7-1 Command Syntax Figure • Ovals enclose command mnemonics. The command mnemonic must be entered exactly as shown. • Circles and ovals surround secondary keywords or special numbers and characters. The characters in circles and ovals are considered reserved words and must be entered exactly as shown.
Language Reference Syntax Diagram Conventions Query Responses Figure 7-2 Numeric Value Query Response Commands that set a function to a numeric value can be queried to determine the current setting of that function. For example, the CF command sets the center frequency to a numeric value in hertz. The format for the response to a CF query command is shown above. Refer to Table on page 372 for definitions of syntax elements.
Language Reference Syntax Diagram Conventions Table 7-1 Syntax Elements Syntax Component Definition/Range delimiter ! $ % & ' / : = \ @ &^ ` | ~ A character, chosen from the above list, marks the beginning and end of a string of characters. For simplified use, choose delimiters that are not the same as any character within the string they delimit.
Language Reference Syntax Diagram Conventions In the syntax diagrams, characters and secondary keywords are shown within circles or ovals. Characters and secondary keywords must be entered exactly as shown.
Language Reference Syntax Diagram Conventions Table 7-2 Characters and Secondary Keywords (Reserved Words) Element Description INT J K KHZ KZ LAST LEVEL LINE LO M MA MAN MHZ MROLL MS MSEC MV MW MZ NEG NH NL NR NRM OA OFF ON P POS POSTSC PRE PWRON Q RAMP RAWOSC S SA SC SEC SMP internal (reference, mixer mode) external mixer frequency band external mixer frequency band kilohertz (unit) kilohertz (unit) previous state before a change or previous span before a change trigger level line, as in line trigger
Language Reference Syntax Diagram Conventions Table 7-2 NOTE Characters and Secondary Keywords (Reserved Words) Element Description SR TRA TRB U UA UNIFORM UNPR UP UV US V VID W Y ZERO 0 1 ? stimulus response (sweep time coupling) trace A trace B external mixer frequency band microamp (unit) FFT window format unpreselected external mixer mode increment the parameter microvolt (unit) microsecond (unit) volt (unit); external mixer frequency band video watt (unit); external mixer frequency band external
Language Reference Programming Commands Programming Commands This chapter contains the programming commands. Each spectrum analyzer command is described in this section. Before using this part of the manual, you may want to refer to Chapter 5 of this manual.
Language Reference ACPACCL Accelerate Adjacent Channel Power Measurement ACPACCL Accelerate Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Syntax Figure 7-4 ACPACCL Syntax Description The ACPACCL command sets the acceleration of the adjacent channel power measurement to normal (NRM), faster (FASTR), or fastest (FASTS). The ACP measurement techniques are changed when faster and fastest are selected to speed up the measurement process.
Language Reference ACPACCL Accelerate Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Query Response Figure 7-5 ACPACCL Query Response Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"ACPACCL FASTR;" Chapter 7 379
Language Reference ACPALPHA Adjacent Channel Power Alpha Weighting ACPALPHA Adjacent Channel Power Alpha Weighting Syntax Figure 7-6 ACPALPHA Syntax Description The ACPALPHA command is used to set the alpha weighting for an adjacent channel power measurement. Parameters number unitless real number between 0 and 1 Query Response Figure 7-7 ACPALPHA Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 380 REAL Alphaweight Alphaweight = 0.
Language Reference ACPALTCH Adjacent Channel Power Alternate Channels ACPALTCH Adjacent Channel Power Alternate Channels Syntax Figure 7-8 ACPALTCH Syntax Description The ACPALTCH command sets the number of alternate channels to be measured by an adjacent channel power measurement to either 0, 1, or 2. Zero is the default. The number of alternate channels is used with the ACPRSLTS command.
Language Reference ACPBRPER Adjacent Channel Power Burst Period ACPBRPER Adjacent Channel Power Burst Period Syntax Figure 7-10 ACPBRPER Syntax Description The ACPBRPER command sets the cycle time (period) of the burst RF signal. The cycle time is needed to set the sweep times when using the peak, two bandwidth, burst power, and gated methods for adjacent channel power measurements.
Language Reference ACPBRWID Adjacent Channel Power Burst Width ACPBRWID Adjacent Channel Power Burst Width Syntax Figure 7-12 ACPBRWID Syntax Description The ACPBRWID command sets the on-time (pulse width) of the burst RF signal. The pulse width is needed to set the gating times when using the gated method for adjacent channel power measurements. Parameters number 5 µs to 9.5 seconds Query Response Figure 7-13 ACPBRWID Query Response Example 10 20 30 REAL Burstwidth Burstwidth = 6.
Language Reference ACPBW Adjacent Channel Power Channel Bandwidth ACPBW Adjacent Channel Power Channel Bandwidth Syntax Figure 7-14 ACPBW Syntax Description The ACPBW command sets the bandwidth of the channels as an active function for the ACPMEAS and ACPCOMPUTE commands. The channel bandwidth cannot be greater than the channel spacing. If the channel bandwidth is greater than the channel spacing, the spacing is automatically increased.
Language Reference ACPCOMPUTE Adjacent Channel Power Compute ACPCOMPUTE Adjacent Channel Power Compute Syntax Figure 7-16 ACPCOMPUTE Syntax Description The ACPCOMPUTE command calculates the adjacent channel power (ACP) of a transmitter based on the data that is on the display. This function does not make a new measurement before computing. The measurement must have been made with analog or peak method selected and with normal acceleration so the appropriate data is available to make the calculation.
Language Reference ACPCOMPUTE Adjacent Channel Power Compute to obtain a valid measurement. • ERR 910 SPAN>ACP indicates that the frequency span is too wide, compared to the channel bandwidth, to obtain an accurate measurement. If any of these errors occurs, the measurement is not completed. To make a measurement, adjust your instrument state settings depending on the error that has occurred.
Language Reference ACPFRQWT Adjacent Channel Power Frequency Weighting ACPFRQWT Adjacent Channel Power Frequency Weighting Syntax Figure 7-17 ACPFRQWT Syntax Description The ACPFRQWT command can be used to effect the frequency weighting when making an adjacent channel power measurement. Weighting is not used in the measurement if OFF has been selected. Root-raised-cosine weighting is selected with the RRCOS parameter.
Language Reference ACPGRAPH Adjacent Channel Power Graph ACPGRAPH Adjacent Channel Power Graph Syntax Figure 7-19 ACPGRAPH Syntax Description The ACPGRAPH command turns on or off a graphical representation of the adjacent channel power ratio, for the selected channel bandwidth, as a function of the channel spacing. The command requires data that is only available with the peak or analog method. The upper graticule represents an ACP ratio of 0 dB.
Language Reference ACPGRAPH Adjacent Channel Power Graph Query Response Figure 7-20 ACPGRAPH Query Response Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"ACPGRAPH ON;" Chapter 7 389
Language Reference ACPLOWER Lower Adjacent Channel Power ACPLOWER Lower Adjacent Channel Power Syntax Figure 7-21 ACPLOWER Syntax Description The ACPLOWER query command returns the power ratio result of the adjacent channel power measurement for the lower frequency channel.
Language Reference ACPMAX Maximum Adjacent Channel Power ACPMAX Maximum Adjacent Channel Power Syntax Figure 7-23 ACPMAX Syntax Description The ACPMAX query command returns the maximum adjacent channel power of the adjacent channel power measurement.
Language Reference ACPMEAS Measure Adjacent Channel Power ACPMEAS Measure Adjacent Channel Power Syntax Figure 7-25 ACPMEAS Syntax Description The ACPMEAS command makes a measurement and calculates the adjacent channel power (ACP) of a transmitter. The measurement determines the leakage power that is in the adjacent channels from the carrier. The result is the ratio of the leakage power in the adjacent channel to the total power transmitted by the transmitter.
Language Reference ACPMEAS Measure Adjacent Channel Power The current channel spacing and channel bandwidth values are also displayed as follows: • channel spacing (ACPSP) • channel bandwidth (ACPBW) Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 REAL Lower,Upper,Total_pwr,Max_acp OUTPUT 718;"ACPMEAS;" OUTPUT 718;"ACPLOWER?;" ENTER 718;Lower OUTPUT 718;"ACPUPPER?;" ENTER 718;Upper OUTPUT 718;"ACPPWRTX?;" ENTER 718;Total_pwr OUTPUT 718;"ACPMAX?;" ENTER 718;Max_acp PRINT USING "K,K";"ACPUPPER=
Language Reference ACPMETHOD Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Method ACPMETHOD Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Method Syntax Figure 7-26 ACPMETHOD Syntax Description The ACPMETHOD command is used to select the measurement method for making an adjacent channel power measurement (ACP). The selections include the analog method, peak method, two bandwidth method, burst method and gated method.
Language Reference ACPMETHOD Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Method There are 600 measurement cells per sweep, so this sets one burst RF cycle per measurement cell. This method supports 1993 MKK standard for PDC systems and the 1993 RCR standards for PHP systems. 2BW METHOD Two bandwidth, transient and random peak measurement for TDMA This method is meant for use with burst signals. The sweep time is set to 600 times the burst period.
Language Reference ACPMETHOD Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Method The impulsive part of the power is found by the power difference between an ungated measurement and the gated measurement. This method supports the TIA/EIA IS-54 NADC/TDMA measurements.
Language Reference ACPMSTATE Adjacent Channel Power Measurement State ACPMSTATE Adjacent Channel Power Measurement State Syntax Figure 7-28 ACPMSTATE Syntax Description The ACPMSTATE command sets the parameters of the measurement state to either the default state (determined by the rest of the setup) or the current state. Using the current state allows you to select unusual conditions, such as testing to emerging standards that did not exist at the time this function was created.
Language Reference ACPMSTATE Adjacent Channel Power Measurement State Parameters CURR (current), DFLT (default) Query Response Figure 7-29 ACPMSTATE Query Response Example 10 398 OUTPUT 718;"ACPMSTATE CURR;" Chapter 7
Language Reference ACPPWRTX Total Power Transmitted ACPPWRTX Total Power Transmitted Syntax Figure 7-30 ACPPWRTX Syntax Description The ACPPWRTX query command returns the result of the total power transmitted calculation of the adjacent channel power measurement. The measurement must be made with the analog or burst power method selected.
Language Reference ACPRSLTS Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Results ACPRSLTS Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Results Syntax Figure 7-32 ACPRSLTS Syntax Description The ACPRSLTS command returns an array of power data resulting from an adjacent channel power measurement of an RF signal. The size of the array is determined by the number of alternate channel pairs selected by the ACPALTCH command. (The default is 0.) Power measurements and calculations are made for the selected channels.
Language Reference ACPRSLTS Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Results The measurement method and the number of alternate channels you have selected determine the size of the data array that will be returned by the ACPRSLTS command. Table 7-1 indicates the values that will be returned for each method. The values are returned in the order indicated in the table. One set of values is returned if the number of alternate channels is set to zero.
Language Reference ACPRSLTS Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Results Table 7-4 Alternate Channels Alternate Channels Channels Used For Calculation Number of Values Returned 0 main channel lower adjacent channel upper adjacent channel above channels plus: first alternate lower channel first alternate upper channel above channels plus: second alternate lower channel second alternate upper channel 1 set (see Table 7-1 on page 372) 1 2 2 sets (see Table 7-1 on page 372) 3 sets (see Table 7-1 on page
Language Reference ACPSP Adjacent Channel Power Channel Spacing ACPSP Adjacent Channel Power Channel Spacing Syntax Figure 7-34 ACPSP Syntax Description The ACPSP command sets channel spacing as the active function for the ACPMEAS and ACPCOMPUTE commands. The spacing is set between a minimum of 100 Hz to a maximum of 50 GHz. The query returns the channel spacing in hertz. The channel bandwidth cannot be more than twice the channel spacing, to make a valid measurement.
Language Reference ACPSP Adjacent Channel Power Channel Spacing Query Response Figure 7-35 ACPSP Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 404 REAL Channelsp Channelsp = 12.
Language Reference ACPT Adjacent Channel Power T Weighting ACPT Adjacent Channel Power T Weighting Syntax Figure 7-36 ACPT Syntax Description The ACPT command is used to set the T used in weighting for an adjacent channel power measurement.
Language Reference ACPUPPER Upper Adjacent Channel Power ACPUPPER Upper Adjacent Channel Power Syntax Figure 7-38 ACPUPPER Syntax Description The ACPUPPER query command returns the power ratio result of the adjacent channel power measurement for the upper frequency channel.
Language Reference ADJALL LO and IF Adjustments ADJALL LO and IF Adjustments Syntax Figure 7-40 ADJALL Syntax Description The ADJALL command activates the RF local oscillator (LO) and intermediate frequency (IF) alignment routines. These are the same routines that occur when the spectrum analyzer is switched on. Commands following ADJALL are not executed until after the analyzer has finished the alignment routines.
Language Reference ADJCRT Adjust CRT Alignment ADJCRT Adjust CRT Alignment Syntax Figure 7-41 ADJCRT Syntax Description The ADJCRT command activates a CRT adjustment pattern, shown in Figure 7-42 on page 409. Use the X POSN, Y POSN, and TRACE ALIGN adjustments, available from the rear panel on E-series instruments, to align the display. Use X POSN and Y POSN to move the display horizontally and vertically, respectively. Use TRACE ALIGN to straighten a tilted display.
Language Reference ADJCRT Adjust CRT Alignment Figure 7-42 CRT Alignment Pattern Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 OUTPUT 718;"ADJCRT;" OUTPUT 2;CHR$(255)&"K"; PRINT TABXY(0,1);"USE X POSN AND Y POSN" PRINT TABXY(0,3);"TO ADJUST THE DISPLAY" INPUT "THEN PRESS ENTER",Ans$ OUTPUT 718;"IP;" END Chapter 7 409
Language Reference ADJIF Adjust IF ADJIF Adjust IF Syntax Figure 7-43 ADJIF Syntax Description The ADJIF command turns the automatic IF adjustment on or off. This function is normally on. Because the IF is continuously adjusting, executing the IF alignment routine is seldom necessary. When the IF adjustment is not active, an "A" appears on the left side of the display. Parameters OFF turns the continuous IF adjustment off. ON reactivates the continuous IF adjustment.
Language Reference ADJIF Adjust IF Query Response Figure 7-44 ADJIF Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 OUTPUT 718;"ADJIF OFF;" OUTPUT 718;"ADJIF?;" ENTER 718;Adjif PRINT Adjif END Chapter 7 411
Language Reference AMB Trace A Minus Trace B AMB Trace A Minus Trace B Syntax Figure 7-45 AMB Syntax Description The AMB command subtracts the contents of trace B from trace A and places the result in dBm (when in log mode) in trace A. When in linear mode, the result is in volts. If trace A is in clear-write or max-hold mode, this function is continuous. When AMB is active, an "M" appears on the left side of the display. The command AMBPL overrides AMB.
Language Reference AMB Trace A Minus Trace B Query Response Figure 7-46 AMB Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 OUTPUT 718;"IP;" OUTPUT 718;"CLRW TRB;TS;VIEW TRB;AMB ON;" OUTPUT 718;"AMB?;" ENTER 718;Amb PRINT Amb END Chapter 7 413
Language Reference AMBPL Trace A Minus Trace B Plus Display Line AMBPL Trace A Minus Trace B Plus Display Line Syntax Figure 7-47 AMBPL Syntax Description The AMBPL command subtracts the contents of trace B from trace A, adds the display line to this value, and stores the result in dBm (when in log mode) in trace A. When in linear mode, the result is in volts. If trace A is in clear-write or max-hold mode, this function is continuous.
Language Reference AMBPL Trace A Minus Trace B Plus Display Line Query Response Figure 7-48 AMBPL Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 OUTPUT 718;"IP;" OUTPUT 718;"CLRW TRB;TS;VIEW TRB;DL -50DBM;" OUTPUT 718;"AMBPL ON;" OUTPUT 718;"AMBPL?;" ENTER 718;Ambpl PRINT Ambpl END Chapter 7 415
Language Reference AMPCOR Amplitude Correction AMPCOR Amplitude Correction Syntax Figure 7-49 AMPCOR Syntax Description Use AMPCOR to turn the amplitude correction function on and off. The ampcor function is used to compensate for frequency-dependent amplitude variations. When ampcor is on, the current correction values are added to all measurement results. Turning ampcor off does not erase the current frequency-amplitude correction factors.
Language Reference AMPCORDATA Amplitude Correction Data AMPCORDATA Amplitude Correction Data Syntax Figure 7-51 AMPCORDATA Syntax Description The AMPCORDATA function allows you to enter or query the frequency-amplitude correction points that are used to normalize the spectrum analyzer measurement. Up to 200 pairs of frequencyamplitude correction points can be entered. Whenever ampcor is on, the correction values are added to all measurement results.
Language Reference AMPCORDATA Amplitude Correction Data The values of the correction points are applied across the active measurement range. Between points, the correction values are interpolated. When measuring at frequencies outside the first and last correction points, these values are used as the correction value.
Language Reference AMPCORSIZE Amplitude Correction Data Array Size AMPCORSIZE Amplitude Correction Data Array Size Syntax Figure 7-53 AMPCORSIZE Syntax Description The AMPCORSIZE query tells you how many frequency-amplitude correction points are in the current correction table.
Language Reference AMPCORRCL Amplitude Correction Recall AMPCORRCL Amplitude Correction Recall Syntax Figure 7-55 AMPCORRCL Syntax Description The AMPCORRCL function recalls a set of correction points from one of five possible registers. The corrections must have been previously saved with the AMPCORSAVE command or the SAVE AMPCOR softkey.
Language Reference AMPCORSAVE Amplitude Correction Save AMPCORSAVE Amplitude Correction Save Syntax Figure 7-56 AMPCORSAVE Syntax Description The AMPCORSAVE function saves the current correction points in one of ten possible registers. The correction points can be recalled with the AMPCORRCL command.
Language Reference ANNOT Annotation On/Off ANNOT Annotation On/Off Syntax Figure 7-57 ANNOT Syntax Description The ANNOT command turns the display annotation off or on.
Language Reference APB Trace A Plus Trace B APB Trace A Plus Trace B Syntax Figure 7-59 APB Syntax Description The APB command adds the contents of trace A to trace B and stores the result in dBm (when in log mode), in trace A. When in linear mode, the results are in volts. Trace A is placed in view mode. This command is done immediately and not on a repetitive basis. NOTE The displayed amplitude of each trace element falls in one of 600 data points.
Language Reference AT Input Attenuation AT Input Attenuation Syntax Figure 7-60 AT Syntax Description The AT command sets the amount of attenuation between the input and the first mixer. The attenuation can be set to 0 dB only by numeric data entry, and not by using the knob or step keys. Parameters number integer from 0 to 70, in decade increments. Numbers are rounded up to the nearest decade.
Language Reference AT Input Attenuation Query Response Figure 7-61 AT Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 OUTPUT 718;"AT UP;" OUTPUT 718;"AT?;" ENTER 718;At PRINT At END Chapter 7 425
Language Reference AUNITS Absolute Amplitude Units AUNITS Absolute Amplitude Units Syntax Figure 7-62 AUNITS Syntax Description The AUNITS command sets the absolute amplitude units for the input signal and the display. AUNITS will affect the query responses of the following commands: MKA, TRA and TRB (when in trace data format P-format), DL, RL, SQUELCH, TH, and VTL. AUNITS is disabled when the 8560E/EC Option 002 tracking generator is in use. Parameters AUTO sets amplitude units to coupled mode.
Language Reference AUNITS Absolute Amplitude Units Query Response Figure 7-63 AUNITS Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 OUTPUT 718;"AUNITS DBUV;" OUTPUT 718;"AUNITS?;" ENTER 718;Aunits$ END Chapter 7 427
Language Reference AUTOCPL Auto Coupled AUTOCPL Auto Coupled Syntax Figure 7-64 AUTOCPL Syntax Description The AUTOCPL command sets video bandwidth, resolution bandwidth, input attenuation, sweep time, and center frequency step-size to coupled mode. These functions can be recoupled individually or all at once. The spectrum analyzer chooses appropriate values for these functions.
Language Reference AXB Trace A Exchange Trace B AXB Trace A Exchange Trace B Syntax Figure 7-65 AXB Syntax Description The AXB command exchanges the contents of trace A with those of trace B. If the traces are in clear-write or max-hold mode, the mode is changed to view. Otherwise, the traces remain in their initial mode.
Language Reference BLANK Blank Trace BLANK Blank Trace Syntax Figure 7-66 BLANK Syntax Description The BLANK command blanks the chosen trace from the display. The current contents of the trace remain in the trace but are not updated.
Language Reference BML Trace B Minus Display Line BML Trace B Minus Display Line Syntax Figure 7-67 BML Syntax Description The BML command subtracts the display line from trace B and places the result in dBm (when in log mode) in trace B, which is then set to view mode. In linear mode, the results are in volts. NOTE The displayed amplitude of each trace element falls into one of 600 data points. There are 10 additional points of overrange, which corresponds to one-sixth of a division.
Language Reference CARROFF Carrier Off Power CARROFF Carrier Off Power Syntax Figure 7-68 CARROFF Syntax Description The CARROFF command measures the average power and the peak power of the carrier when the burst is off. The powers are combined to provide a calculation of the leakage power. Trace A or Trace B can be selected.
Language Reference CARRON Carrier On Power CARRON Carrier On Power Syntax Figure 7-70 CARRON Syntax Description The CARRON command measures the average power of the carrier during that portion of the time when it is on (when it is within 20 dB of its peak level). True mean carrier power is calculated by measuring the time waveform of the RF envelope, converting the trace data from dB to power units, and then averaging the power trace data.
Language Reference CF Center Frequency CF Center Frequency Syntax Figure 7-72 CF Syntax Description The CF command sets the center frequency and sets the spectrum analyzer to center frequency and span mode. The span remains constant, unless it is limited by the spectrum analyzers frequency range. The start and stop frequencies change as the center frequency changes. Parameters number real from 0 to 2.9E+9 (8560E/EC) 0 to 6.
Language Reference CF Center Frequency 0 to 13.2E+9 (Agilent 8562E/EC) 0 to 26.5E+9 (Agilent 8563E/EC) 0 to 40E+9 (Agilent 8564E/EC) 0 to 50E+9 (Agilent 8565E/EC) from 18E+9 to 325E+9 in external mixer mode. UP or DN 10 percent of the frequency span or the amount set by the SS command. Preset State • • • • • • 1.45 GHz (8560E/EC) 3.25 GHz (Agilent 8561E/EC) 6.6 GHz (Agilent 8562E/EC) 13.
Language Reference CHANPWR Channel Power CHANPWR Channel Power Syntax Figure 7-74 CHANPWR Syntax Description The CHANPWR command measures the power within the channel power bandwidth specified by the command.
Language Reference CHANPWR Channel Power Query Response Figure 7-75 CHANPWR Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 REAL Chanbw, Chan_pwr Chanbw = 12.
Language Reference CHANNEL Channel Selection CHANNEL Channel Selection Syntax Figure 7-76 CHANNEL Syntax Description The CHANNEL command changes the spectrum analyzer center frequency higher (UP) or lower (DN) in frequency by one channel spacing.
Language Reference CHPWRBW Channel Power Bandwidth CHPWRBW Channel Power Bandwidth Syntax Figure 7-77 CHPWRBW Syntax Description The CHPWRBW command is used to query or set the current value of the channel power bandwidth. Channel power can be measured with the CHANPWR command.
Language Reference CLRW Clear Write CLRW Clear Write Syntax Figure 7-79 CLRW Syntax Description The CLRW command sets the chosen trace to clear-write mode. This mode sets each element of the chosen trace to the bottom-screen value; then new data from the detector is put in the trace with each sweep.
Language Reference CNVLOSS Conversion Loss CNVLOSS Conversion Loss Syntax Figure 7-80 CNVLOSS Syntax Description The CNVLOSS command compensates for losses outside the instrument when in external mixer mode (such as losses within external mixers or connector cables). CNVLOSS specifies the mean conversion loss for the current harmonic band. In a full frequency band (such as band K), the mean conversion loss is defined as the minimum loss plus the maximum loss for that band divided by two.
Language Reference CNVLOSS Conversion Loss Query Response Figure 7-81 CNVLOSS Query Response Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"IP;MXRMODE EXT;" 20 INPUT "ENTER DESIRED FREQUENCY BAND (KAQUVEWFDGY OR J)",Fulband$ 30 OUTPUT 718;"FULBAND ";Fulband$;";" 40 INPUT "ENTER IN THE CONVERSION LOSS FOR THAT BAND",Loss 50 OUTPUT 718;"CNVLOSS ";Loss;"DB;" 60 END 442 Chapter 7
Language Reference CONTS Continuous Sweep CONTS Continuous Sweep Syntax Figure 7-82 CONTS Syntax Description The CONTS command activates the continuous-sweep mode. This mode enables another sweep at the completion of the current sweep once the trigger conditions are met.
Language Reference COUPLE Input Coupling COUPLE Input Coupling Syntax Figure 7-83 COUPLE Syntax Description The COUPLE command sets the input coupling to ac or dc coupling. AC coupling protects the input of the analyzer from damaging dc signals, while limiting the lower frequency-range to 100 kHz (although the analyzer will tune down to 0 Hz with signal attenuation). This command is not available in an Agilent 8563E/EC, Agilent 8564E/EC or Agilent 8565E/EC; they are always dc coupled.
Language Reference DELMKBW Occupied Power Bandwidth Within Delta Marker DELMKBW Occupied Power Bandwidth Within Delta Marker Syntax Figure 7-85 DELMKBW Syntax Description The DELMKBW command calculates the occupied power bandwidth with respect to the power between the displayed delta markers. The desired percent occupied power is specified with the DELMKBW command.
Language Reference DELMKBW Occupied Power Bandwidth Within Delta Marker Query Response Figure 7-86 DELMKBW Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 446 REAL Percentocc Percentocc = 90 OUTPUT 718; "DELMKBW TRA";Percentocc;",?;" END Chapter 7
Language Reference DEMOD Demodulation DEMOD Demodulation Syntax Figure 7-87 DEMOD Syntax Description The DEMOD command activates either AM or FM demodulation, or turns the demodulation off. Place a marker on a desired signal and then activate DEMOD; demodulation takes place on this signal. If no marker is on, DEMOD automatically places a marker at the center of the trace and demodulates the frequency at that marker position. Use the volume and squelch controls to adjust the speaker and listen.
Language Reference DEMOD Demodulation Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"IP;" 20 OUTPUT 718;"FA 88MHZ;FB 108MHZ;" 30 OUTPUT 718;"MKN EP;" 40 PRINT "MOVE MARKER TO SIGNAL TO BE DEMODULATED; PRESS HOLD." 50 PRINT "THEN PRESS CONTINUE" 60 PAUSE 70 INPUT "ENTER DEMODULATION TIME (.1 SEC - 60 SEC)",Dtim e 80 OUTPUT 718;"DEMODT ";Dtime;"S;" 90 OUTPUT 718;"DEMOD FM;" 100 LOCAL 718 110 PRINT "ADJUST VOLUME AND SQUELCH AS NECESSARY.
Language Reference DEMODAGC Demodulation Automatic Gain Control DEMODAGC Demodulation Automatic Gain Control Syntax Figure 7-89 DEMODAGC Syntax Description The DEMODAGC command turns the demodulation automatic gain control (AGC) on or off. The AGC keeps the volume of the speaker relatively constant during AM demodulation. AGC is available only during AM demodulation and when the frequency span is greater than 0 Hz.
Language Reference DEMODAGC Demodulation Automatic Gain Control Example OUTPUT 718;"IP;" OUTPUT 718;"FA 550KHZ;FB 1600KHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"MKN EP;" PRINT "MOVE MARKER TO SIGNAL TO BE DEMODULATED; PRESS HOLD." PRINT "THEN PRESS CONTINUE" PAUSE INPUT "ENTER DEMODULATION TIME (.1 - 60 SEC)",Dtime OUTPUT 718;"DEMODT ";Dtime;"S;" OUTPUT 718;"DEMOD AM;DEMODAGC ON;" LOCAL 718 PRINT "ADJUST VOLUME AND SQUELCH AS NECESSARY.
Language Reference DEMODT Demodulation Time DEMODT Demodulation Time Syntax Figure 7-91 DEMODT Syntax Description The DEMODT command selects the amount of time that the sweep pauses at the marker to demodulate a signal. The default value is 1 second. When the frequency span equals 0 Hz, demodulation is continuous, except when between sweeps. For truly continuous demodulation, set the frequency span to 0 Hz and the trigger mode to single sweep (see TM). Parameters number real from 100E−3 to 60.
Language Reference DEMODT Demodulation Time Query Response Figure 7-92 DEMODT Query Response Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"IP;" 20 OUTPUT 718;"FA 88MHZ;FB 108MHZ;" 30 OUTPUT 718;"MKN EP;" 40 PRINT "MOVE MARKER TO SIGNAL TO BE DEMODULATED; PRESS H OLD." 50 PRINT "THEN PRESS CONTINUE" 60 PAUSE 70 INPUT "ENTER DEMODULATION TIME (.1 SEC - 60 SEC)",Dtime 80 OUTPUT 718;"DEMODT ";Dtime;"S;" 90 OUTPUT 718;"DEMOD FM;" 100 LOCAL 718 110 PRINT "ADJUST VOLUME AND SQUELCH AS NECESSARY.
Language Reference DET Detection Modes DET Detection Modes Syntax Figure 7-93 DET Syntax Description The DET command specifies the IF detector used for acquiring measurement data. This is normally a coupled function, in which the spectrum analyzer selects the appropriate detector mode. Four modes are available: normal, positive, negative, and sample. The modes are described below. When a mode other than normal is chosen, a "D" appears on the left side of the display.
Language Reference DET Detection Modes If no detector mode is specified, the following rules determine the chosen detector. 1. If video averaging or marker noise functions are on, or if the resolution bandwidth is greater than or equal to 300 Hz and the video bandwidth is less than 300 Hz, the detector is set to sample mode. 2. If the sweeptime is less than 30 ms, the detector is set to sample mode.
Language Reference DL Display Line DL Display Line Syntax Figure 7-95 DL Syntax Description The DL command activates a horizontal display line for use as a visual aid or for computational purposes. The default value is 0 dBm.
Language Reference DL Display Line Parameters number real. Dependent on the selected amplitude units. UP or DN changes the display line by one vertical division.
Language Reference DLYSWP Delay Sweep DLYSWP Delay Sweep Syntax Figure 7-97 DLYSWP Syntax Description DLYSWP delays the start of the sweep until the specified time elapses after the trigger event. With Option 007, and when using sweep times <30 ms, the delay function can make the sweep start before the trigger event. Executing "DLYSWP n;", where n is a non-zero number, is the same as executing "DLYSWP ON;". Executing "DLYSWP 0;" is the same as executing "DLYSWP OFF;".
Language Reference DLYSWP Delay Sweep Parameters number real from 2 µs to 65,535 ms non-zero Turns on DLYSWP. 0 Turns off DLYSWP. Range with Option 007 sweep time <100 µs −2.5 ms to 65,535 ms sweep time <150 µs −5.0 ms to 65,535 ms sweep time <200 µs −7.5 ms to 65,535 ms sweep time <30 ms −9.999 ms to 65,535 ms Preset State Off Query Response Figure 7-98 DLYSWP Query Response Example OUTPUT 718;"DLYSWP 10US;" Sets the sweep delay to 10 µs.
Language Reference DONE Done DONE Done Syntax Figure 7-99 DONE Syntax Description The DONE command sends a "1" to the controller when all commands in a command string entered before DONE have been completed. Sending a TS command before DONE ensures that the spectrum analyzer will complete a full sweep before continuing on in a program.
Language Reference ERR Error ERR Error Syntax Figure 7-101 ERR Syntax Description The ERR command outputs a list of errors present. An error code of "0" means there are no errors present. For a list of error codes and descriptions, refer to Chapter 9. Executing ERR clears all GPIB errors. For best results, enter error data immediately after querying for errors. Each error code is three digits long. Preset State Remote error list cleared. Persistent errors are reentered into the error list.
Language Reference ERR Error Example 10 DIM Err$[200] 20 OUTPUT 718;"ERR?;" 30 ENTER 718;Err$ 40 PRINT Err$ 50 !the following routine removes the comma between error s in a string 60 Position_comma=POS(Err$,",") 70 IF Position_comma>0 THEN 80 !multiple errors 90 First_error=VAL(Err$) 100 PRINT First_error 110 Err$=Err$[POS(Err$,",")+1] 120 REPEAT 130 Position_comma=POS(Err$,",") 140 Next_error=VAL(Err$) 150 PRINT Next_error 160 IF Position_comma THEN Err$=Err$[POS(Err$,",")+1] 170 UNTIL Position_comma=0 18
Language Reference ET Elapsed Time ET Elapsed Time Syntax Figure 7-103 ET Syntax Description The ET command returns to the controller the elapsed time (in hours) of analyzer operation. This value can be reset only by a HAgilent Technologies service center.
Language Reference EXTMXR External Mixer Mode EXTMXR External Mixer Mode Syntax Figure 7-105 EXTMXR Syntax Description The EXTMXR command specifies the external mixing mode as either preselected (PRE) or unpreselected (UNPR). This command applies only to the selection of the type of external mixer to be used. It does not switch the analyzer from internal to external mixing. This command is not available for use with an Agilent 8560E/EC Option 002.
Language Reference FA Start Frequency FA Start Frequency Syntax Figure 7-107 FA Syntax Description The FA command sets the start frequency and sets the spectrum analyzer to start-frequency and stop-frequency mode. If the start frequency exceeds the stop frequency, the stop frequency increases to equal the start frequency plus the minimum span. The center frequency and span change with changes in the start frequency. Parameters number real from 0 to 2.9E+9 (8560E/EC) 0 to 6.
Language Reference FA Start Frequency 0 to 13.2E+9 (Agilent 8562E/EC) 0 to 26.5E+9 (Agilent 8563E/EC) 0 to 40E+9 (Agilent 8564E/EC) 0 to 50E+9 (Agilent 8565E/EC) from 18E+9 to 325E+9 in external mixer mode. UP or DN increments in 10 percent of span.
Language Reference FB Stop Frequency FB Stop Frequency Syntax Figure 7-109 FB Syntax Description The FB command sets the stop frequency and sets the spectrum analyzer to start-frequency and stop-frequency mode. If the stop frequency is less than the start frequency, the start frequency decreases to equal the stop frequency minus 100 Hz. The center frequency and span change with changes in the stop frequency.
Language Reference FB Stop Frequency Parameters number real from 0 to 2.9E+9 (8560E/EC) 0 to 6.5E+9 (Agilent 8561E/EC) 0 to 13.2E+9 (Agilent 8562E/EC) 0 to 26.5E+9 (Agilent 8563E/EC) 0 to 40E+9 (Agilent 8564E/EC) 0 to 50E+9 (Agilent 8565E/EC) from 18E+9 to 325E+9 in external mixer mode. UP or DN increments in 10 percent of span. Preset State • • • • • • 2.9 GHz (8560E/EC) 6.5 GHz (Agilent 8561E/EC) 13.2 GHz (Agilent 8562E/EC) 26.
Language Reference FDIAG Frequency Diagnostics FDIAG Frequency Diagnostics Syntax Figure 7-111 FDIAG Syntax Description The FDIAG command activates the frequency diagnostic routine, which returns the frequency of the specified oscillator. Parameters NOTE LO returns the first local oscillator frequency corresponding to the current start frequency. SMP returns the sampling oscillator frequency corresponding to the current start frequency.
Language Reference FDIAG Frequency Diagnostics RAWOSC MROLL = -------------------------------2 × POSTSC Query Response Figure 7-112 FDIAG Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 OUTPUT 718;"FDIAG SMP,?;" ENTER 718;Fdiag PRINT "DIAGNOSTIC FREQUENCY IS ",Fdiag END Chapter 7 469
Language Reference FDSP Frequency Display Off FDSP Frequency Display Off Syntax Figure 7-113 FDSP Syntax Description The FDSP command turns off all annotation that describes the spectrum analyzer frequency setting. This includes start and stop frequencies, center frequency, frequency span, marker readouts, center frequency step-size, and signal identification to center frequency. To retrieve the frequency data, query the spectrum analyzer. To reactivate the annotation, execute the IP command.
Language Reference FDSP Frequency Display Off Example 10 20 30 40 50 OUTPUT 718;"FDSP OFF;" OUTPUT 718;"FDSP?;" ENTER 718;Fdsp PRINT Fdsp END Chapter 7 471
Language Reference FFT Fast Fourier Transform FFT Fast Fourier Transform Syntax Figure 7-115 FFT Syntax Description The FFT command performs a discrete Fourier transform on the source trace array and stores the logarithms of the magnitudes of the results in the destination array. The maximum length of any of the traces is 601 points. FFT is designed to be used in transforming zero-span amplitude-modulation information into the frequency domain.
Language Reference FFT Fast Fourier Transform The FFT algorithm assumes that the sampled signal is periodic with an integral number of periods within the time-record length (that is, the sweep time of the analyzer). Given this assumption, the transform computed is that of a time waveform of infinite duration, formed of concatenated time records. In actual measurements, the number of periods of the sampled signal within the time record may not be integral.
Language Reference FFT Fast Fourier Transform Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 474 OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT END 718;"IP;" 718;"CF 300 MHZ;" 718;"SP 0HZ;ST 50MS;" 718;"TWNDOW TRA, UNIFORM;" 718;"CLRW TRB;" 718;"SNGLS;TS;TS;" 718;"FFT TRA,TRB,TRA;" 718;"BLANK TRB;" 718;"VIEW TRA;" Chapter 7
Language Reference FOFFSET Frequency Offset FOFFSET Frequency Offset Syntax Figure 7-116 FOFFSET Syntax Description The FOFFSET command adds a specified offset to the displayed absolute-frequency values, including marker-frequency values. It does not affect the frequency range of the sweep, nor does it affect relative frequency readouts. When this function is active, an "F" appears on the left side of the display.
Language Reference FOFFSET Frequency Offset Parameters number real from 0 to 2.9E+9 (8560E/EC) real from 0 to 6.5E+9 (Agilent 8561E/EC) real from 0 to 13.2E+9 (Agilent 8562E/EC). real from 0 to 26.5E+9 (Agilent 8563E/EC). real from 0 to 40E+9 (Agilent 8564E/EC). real from 0 to 50E+9 (Agilent 8565E/EC). UP or DN changes by 10 percent of span.
Language Reference FREF Frequency Reference FREF Frequency Reference Syntax Figure 7-118 FREF Syntax Description The FREF command specifies the frequency reference source. Select either the internal frequency reference (INT) or supply your own external reference (EXT). An external reference must be 10 MHz (±100 Hz) at a minimum amplitude of 0 dBm. Connect the external reference to J9 (10 MHz REF IN/OUT) on the rear panel. When the external mode is selected, an "X" appears on the left edge of the display.
Language Reference FS Full Span FS Full Span Syntax Figure 7-120 FS Syntax Description The FS command selects the full frequency span as defined by the instrument. The full span is: Spectrum Analyzer Full Span 8560E/EC 2.9 GHz Agilent 8561E/EC 6.5 GHz Agilent 8562E/EC 13.2 GHz Agilent 8563E/EC 26.
Language Reference FULBAND Full Band FULBAND Full Band Syntax Figure 7-121 FULBAND Syntax NOTE When in preselected external mixing mode, band K is not available. Description The FULBAND command selects a commonly-used, external-mixer frequency band, as shown in Table 7-1 on page 372. The harmonic lock function (HNLOCK) is also set; this locks the harmonic of the chosen band. External-mixing functions are not available with an 8560E/EC Option 002.
Language Reference FULBAND Full Band Table 7-5 Unpreselected External-Mixer Frequency Bands Frequency Band Frequency Mixing Range (GHz) Harmonic Conversion Loss D G Y J 110.0 to 170.0 140.0 to 220.0 170.0 to 260.0 220.0 to 325.0 30 dB 30 dB 30 dB 30 dB 30− 36− 44− 54− Example Lines 40 through 160 are only applicable with firmware revisions ≤920528 or with Option 008.
Language Reference GATE Gate GATE Gate Syntax Figure 7-122 GATE Syntax Description The GATE command turns on or off the time-gating function. When the time-gating function is turned on, the spectrum analyzer activates the time gate circuitry according to the parameters controlled by gate length (GL), gate delay (GD), and the gate trigger input. Preset State Off Query Response A "0" is returned if the time-gate function is off, a "1" is returned if the time-gate function is on.
Language Reference GATE Gate Figure 7-123 GATE Query Response Example OUTPUT 718;"GATE ON;" Turns on the gating.
Language Reference GATECTL Gate Control GATECTL Gate Control Syntax Figure 7-124 GATECTL Syntax Description The GATECTL command selects between the edge and the level mode for time-gate function. In the edge mode, a specified trigger edge starts the gate delay timer that in turn starts the gate length timer. In the level mode, the gate follows the trigger input level. The gate polarity (GP), gate delay time (GD), and gate time length (GL) are operational in the edge mode, but not in the level mode.
Language Reference GD Gate Delay GD Gate Delay Syntax Figure 7-126 GD Syntax Description The GD command sets the delay time from when the gate trigger occurs to when the gate is turned on. GD applies only if GATECTL is set to EDGE. Parameters number real from 3 µs to 65.535 ms Preset State 3 µs Query Response Figure 7-127 GD Query Response Example OUTPUT 718;"GD 20US;" Sets the gate delay to 20 µs.
Language Reference GL Gate Length GL Gate Length Syntax Figure 7-128 GL Syntax Description The GL command sets the length of time the time gate is turned on. GL applies only if GATECTL is set to EDGE. Parameters number real from 1 µs to 65.535 ms Preset State 1 µs Query Response Figure 7-129 GL Query Response Example OUTPUT 718;"GL 15US;" Sets the gate length to 15 µs.
Language Reference GP Gate Polarity GP Gate Polarity Syntax Figure 7-130 GP Syntax Description The GP command sets the polarity (positive or negative) for the gate trigger. If the gate control (GATECTL) is in the edge mode, the gate delay timer can be triggered on either a positive or negative edge of the trigger input. If the gate control is in level mode and positive is chosen, the gate will be on when the trigger input is high.
Language Reference GRAT Graticule On/Off GRAT Graticule On/Off Syntax Figure 7-132 GRAT Syntax Description The GRAT command turns the display graticule on or off.
Language Reference HD Hold HD Hold Syntax Figure 7-134 HD Syntax Description The HD command freezes the active function at its current value. If no function is active, no operation takes place.
Language Reference HNLOCK Harmonic Number Lock HNLOCK Harmonic Number Lock Syntax Figure 7-135 HNLOCK Syntax Description The HNLOCK command locks a chosen harmonic so only that harmonic is used to sweep an external frequency band. To select a frequency band, use the FULBAND command; it selects an appropriate harmonic for the desired band. To change the harmonic number, use HNLOCK. Table 7-6 on page 490 shows the frequency bands and the harmonics that sweep each band.
Language Reference HNLOCK Harmonic Number Lock Table 7-6 Frequency Bands and the Corresponding LO Harmonic For Unpreselected Mixers Frequency Range Mixing (GHz) Harmonic 18.00 to 26.50 26.50 to 40.00 33.00 to 50.00 40.00 to 60.00 50.00 to 75.00 60.00 to 90.00 75.00 to 110.00 40.00 to 140.00 110.00 to 170.00 140.00 to 220.00 170.00 to 260.00 220.00 to 325.
Language Reference HNUNLK Unlock Harmonic Number HNUNLK Unlock Harmonic Number Syntax Figure 7-137 HNUNLK Syntax Description The HNUNLK command unlocks the harmonic number, allowing you to select frequencies and spans outside the range of the locked harmonic number. Also, when HNUNLK is executed, more than one harmonic can then be used to sweep across a desired span. For example, sweep a span from 18 GHz to 40 GHz.
Language Reference ID Output Identification ID Output Identification Syntax Figure 7-138 ID Syntax Description The ID command returns the model number of the spectrum analyzer (for example, HP8563E/EC) and any options installed.
Language Reference IDCF Signal Identification to Center Frequency IDCF Signal Identification to Center Frequency Syntax Figure 7-140 IDCF Syntax Description The IDCF command sets the center frequency to the frequency obtained from the command SIGID. SIGID must be in AUTO mode and have found a valid result for this command to execute properly. Use SIGID on signals when in external mixing mode. IDCF only applies to spectrum analyzers with firmware revisions ≤920528 or with Option 008.
Language Reference IDFREQ Signal Identified Frequency IDFREQ Signal Identified Frequency Syntax Figure 7-141 IDFREQ Syntax Description The IDFREQ command returns the frequency of the last identified signal. After an instrument preset or an invalid signal identification, IDFREQ returns a "0." IDFREQ only applies to spectrum analyzers with firmware revisions ≤920528 or with Option 008.
Language Reference IP Instrument Preset IP Instrument Preset Syntax Figure 7-143 IP Syntax Description The IP command sets the spectrum analyzer to a known, predefined state, shown in Table 7-1 on page 372. IP does not affect the contents of any data or trace registers or stored preselector data. IP does not clear the input or output data buffers; to clear these, execute the statement CLEAR 718. Include the TS command after IP when the next command will operate on trace data (such as TRA).
Language Reference IP Instrument Preset Table 7-7 8560 E-Series and EC-Series Preset States Function State DEMODULATION DEMODULATION TIME DETECTOR DISPLAY LINE EXT MIXER BIAS EXT MIXER LO HARMONIC FREQUENCY COUNTER FREQUENCY COUNTER RESOLUTION FREQUENCY DISPLAY FREQUENCY MODE FREQUENCY OFFSET GATE GATE CONTROL GATE DELAY GATE LENGTH GATE POLARITY GRATICULE INPUT ATTENUATION MARKER MODE MAX MIXER LEVEL MIXER MIXER CONV LOSS NOISE MARKER PEAK EXCURSION PEAK THRESHOLD PRESELECTOR PEAK TABLE RBW to SPAN RAT
Language Reference IP Instrument Preset Table 7-7 8560 E-Series and EC-Series Preset States Function State SQUELCH SQUELCH LEVEL SWEEP TIME OFF −120 dBm 60 ms, AUTO (8560E/EC) 200 ms, AUTO (Agilent 8561E/EC) 264 ms, AUTO (Agilent 8562E/EC) 530 ms, AUTO (Agilent 8563E/EC) 800 ms, AUTO (Agilent 8564E/EC) 1 s, AUTO (Agilent 8565E/EC) −90 dBm, OFF CLEAR-WRITE BLANK FORMAT P CONTINUOUS Positive FREE-RUN dBm, AUTO 10 dB per DIV 1 1 MHz, AUTO 100, OFF 0 dBm THRESHOLD TRACE A TRACE B TRACE-DATA TRIGGER MODE T
Language Reference LG Logarithmic Scale LG Logarithmic Scale Syntax Figure 7-144 LG Syntax Description The LG command selects a 1, 2, 5, or 10 dB logarithmic amplitude scale. When in linear mode, querying LG returns a "0". The 1 dB per division and 5 dB per division scales are not available for sweep times less than 30 ms. Parameters number 1, 2, 5, or 10. UP or DN increments in a 1, 2, 5, 10 sequence.
Language Reference LG Logarithmic Scale Example 10 20 30 40 50 OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT END Chapter 7 718;"LG 10DB;" 718;"AUNITS DBMV;" 718;"TS;MKPK HI;MKRL;" 718;"LG 2DB;" 499
Language Reference LN Linear Scale LN Linear Scale Syntax Figure 7-146 LN Syntax Description The LN command selects a linear amplitude scale. Measurements made on a linear scale can be read out in any amplitude units.
Language Reference MBIAS Mixer Bias MBIAS Mixer Bias Syntax Figure 7-147 MBIAS Syntax Description The MBIAS command sets the bias for an external mixer that requires diode bias for efficient mixer operation. The bias, which is provided on the center conductor of the IF input, is activated when MBIAS is executed. A + or − appears on the left edge of the spectrum analyzer display, indicating that positive or negative bias is on. When the bias is turned off, MBIAS is set to 0.
Language Reference MBIAS Mixer Bias Parameters number real from 0.01 mA to −0.01 mA. UP or DN increments of 0.1 mA.
Language Reference MEANPWR Mean Power Measurement MEANPWR Mean Power Measurement Syntax Figure 7-149 MEANPWR Syntax Description The MEANPWR command measures the average power of the carrier during that portion of the time when it is on. The on state is defined as the time when the signal is within a selected number of dB of its peak level. The range of amplitudes that is defined as the on state can be set with the command. The amplitude range is set relative to the peak value of the signal.
Language Reference MEANPWR Mean Power Measurement Query Response Figure 7-150 MEANPWR Query Response Example 10 20 30 504 REAL Onrange Onrange = 10 OUTPUT 718;"MEANPWR TRB,";Onrange;"DB,?;" Chapter 7
Language Reference MEAS Measurement Status MEAS Measurement Status Syntax Figure 7-151 MEAS Syntax Description The MEAS command query returns the current sweep status. If the spectrum analyzer is set to sweep and make measurements continuously, the command returns CONTS. If it is set to make a single sweep with a single measurement, it returns SNGLS. The spectrum analyzer can be set to single sweep and continuous sweep using the SNGLS and CONTS commands.
Language Reference MINH Minimum Hold MINH Minimum Hold Syntax Figure 7-153 MINH Syntax Description The MINH command updates the chosen trace with the minimum signal level detected at each trace-data point from subsequent sweeps. This function employs the negative peak detector (refer to the DET command).
Language Reference MKA Marker Amplitude MKA Marker Amplitude Syntax Figure 7-154 MKA Syntax Description The MKA command returns the amplitude of the active marker. If no marker is active, MKA places a marker at the center of the trace and returns that amplitude value.
Language Reference MKBW Marker Bandwidth MKBW Marker Bandwidth Syntax Figure 7-156 MKBW Syntax Description When used remotely, the MKBW command finds the signal bandwidth at the power level in dB below the on-screen marker (if a marker is present) or the signal peak (if no on-screen marker is present). When the command is used manually, a peak search is automatically performed, and the bandwidth of the largest signal on-screen is displayed in the message area.
Language Reference MKCF Marker to Center Frequency MKCF Marker to Center Frequency Syntax Figure 7-157 MKCF Syntax Description The MKCF command sets the center frequency to the frequency value of an active marker.
Language Reference MKCHEDGE Marker to Channel Edges MKCHEDGE Marker to Channel Edges Syntax Figure 7-158 MKCHEDGE Syntax Description The MKCHEDGE command moves the markers to ±0.5 channel spacings from the current center frequency. This command can be used with the MKDELCHBW command to make power measurements within a channel while multiple channels are being shown on the display.
Language Reference MKD Marker Delta MKD Marker Delta Syntax Figure 7-159 MKD Syntax Description The MKD command places a second marker on the trace. The number specifies the distance in frequency or time (when the spectrum analyzer is in zero span) between the two markers. When using zero span, data entered or output is always interpreted as microseconds (US). Parameters number dependent upon the chosen span. UP or DN increments in 10 percent of span.
Language Reference MKD Marker Delta Query Response Figure 7-160 MKD Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 512 OUTPUT 718;"IP;CF 450MHZ;SP 400MHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"TS;MKPK HI;MKD 300MHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"MKPK HI;MKD;MKPK NH;MKD?;" ENTER 718;Mkd PRINT Mkd END Chapter 7
Language Reference MKDELCHBW Delta Markers to Channel Power Bandwidth MKDELCHBW Delta Markers to Channel Power Bandwidth Syntax Figure 7-161 MKDELCHBW Syntax Description The MKDELCHBW command sets the channel power bandwidth to the value of the frequency difference between the current delta markers. This command is useful when making the occupied channel power measurements. Use the MKDELCHBW command to change the desired channel power to the power between the current delta markers.
Language Reference MKDR Reciprocal of Marker Delta MKDR Reciprocal of Marker Delta Syntax Figure 7-162 MKDR Syntax Description The MKDR command displays the reciprocal of the frequency or time (when in zero span) difference between two markers. Parameter number 514 from 10E−12 to 20E+3.
Language Reference MKDR Reciprocal of Marker Delta Query Response Figure 7-163 MKDR Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 OUTPUT 718;"CF 300MHZ;SP 200MHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"TS;MKPK HI;MKD;MKPK NH;MKDR?;" ENTER 718;Period PRINT "THE TIME PERIOD IS ",Period END Chapter 7 515
Language Reference MKF Marker Frequency MKF Marker Frequency Syntax Figure 7-164 MKF Syntax Description The MKF command places an active marker on the chosen frequency or can be queried to return the frequency of the active marker. Default units are in hertz. Parameter number real from 0 to 2.9E+9 (8560E/EC) 0 to 6.5E+9 (Agilent 8561E/EC) 0 to 13.2E+9 (Agilent 8562E/EC) 0 to 26.
Language Reference MKF Marker Frequency from 18E+9 to 325E+9 in external mixer mode.
Language Reference MKFC Frequency Counter MKFC Frequency Counter Syntax Figure 7-166 MKFC Syntax Description The MKFC command activates a frequency counter that counts the frequency of the active marker or the difference in frequency between two markers. If no marker is active, MKFC places a marker at the center of the trace and counts that marker frequency.
Language Reference MKFCR Frequency Counter Resolution MKFCR Frequency Counter Resolution Syntax Figure 7-167 MKFCR Syntax Description The MKFCR command specifies the resolution of the frequency counter. Refer to the MKFC command. The default value is 10 kHz. Parameter number 1 Hz to 1 MHz, in powers of ten.
Language Reference MKFCR Frequency Counter Resolution Example 10 INPUT "ENTER IN THE DESIRED CENTER FREQUENCY, IN MHZ",F req 20 INPUT "ENTER IN THE DESIRED FREQUENCY SPAN, IN MHZ",Spa n 30 OUTPUT 718;"IP;CF ";Freq;"MHZ;" 40 OUTPUT 718;"SP ";Span;"MHZ;" 50 INPUT "ENTER DESIRED FREQUENCY-COUNTER RESOLUTION, IN HZ",Resolution 60 OUTPUT 718;"MKFCR ";Resolution;"HZ;", 70 OUTPUT 718;"MKN EP;" 80 PRINT "PLACE THE MARKER ON THE DESIRED SIGNAL." 90 PRINT "PRESS HOLD ON THE ANALYZER, THEN PRESS CONTINUE.
Language Reference MKMCF Marker Mean to the Center Frequency MKMCF Marker Mean to the Center Frequency Syntax Figure 7-169 MKMCF Syntax Description The MKMCF command moves the midpoint of the two displayed markers to the spectrum analyzer center frequency. This command is useful when making occupied channel power measurements. Use the MKDELCHBW command to change the desired channel power to the power between the current delta markers.
Language Reference MKMIN Marker to Minimum MKMIN Marker to Minimum Syntax Figure 7-170 MKMIN Syntax Description The MKMIN command places an active marker on the minimum signal detected on a trace.
Language Reference MKN Marker Normal MKN Marker Normal Syntax Figure 7-171 MKN Syntax Description The MKN command places an active marker on the specified frequency. If no frequency is specified, MKN places the marker at the center of the trace. When in zero span, querying MKN returns the center frequency.
Language Reference MKN Marker Normal Parameters number real from 0 to 2.9E+9 (8560E/EC) 0 to 6.5E+9 (Agilent 8561E/EC) 0 to 13.2E+9 (Agilent 8562E/EC) 0 to 26.5E+9 (Agilent 8563E/EC) 0 to 40E+9 (Agilent 8564E/EC) 0 to 50E+9 (Agilent 8565E/EC) from 18E+9 to 325E+9 in external mixer mode. UP or DN increments in 10 percent of span.
Language Reference MKNOISE Marker Noise MKNOISE Marker Noise Syntax Figure 7-173 MKNOISE Syntax Description The MKNOISE command sets the detector mode to sample and computes the average of 33 data points (16 points to the left of the marker, the marker itself, and 16 points to the right of the marker). This average is corrected for effects of the log or linear amplifier, bandwidth shape, IF detector, and resolution bandwidth.
Language Reference MKNOISE Marker Noise 20 ENTER 718;Amp_1 30 OUTPUT 718;"MKD UP UP;MKNOISE ON;MKA?;MKNOISE OFF;" 40 ENTER 718;Amp_2 50 DISP Amp_2 60 C_to_n=Amp_1-Amp_2 70 PRINT "CARRIER TO NOISE RATIO IN 1 HZ BANDWIDTH IS ";C_to_n;" DB" 80 END 526 Chapter 7
Language Reference MKOFF Marker Off MKOFF Marker Off Syntax Figure 7-175 MKOFF Syntax Description The MKOFF command turns off the active marker. Executing MKOFF ALL; turns off all markers.
Language Reference MKPK Peak Search MKPK Peak Search Syntax Figure 7-176 MKPK Syntax Description The MKPK command places a marker on the highest point on a trace, the next-highest point, the next-left peak, or the next-right peak. The default is HI (highest point). If the NH, NR, or NL parameter is specified, the trace peaks must meet the criteria of the marker threshold and peak excursion functions in order for a peak to be found.
Language Reference MKPK Peak Search 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 " 130 OUTPUT 718;"TS;MKPK HI;MKD;MKPK NH;" OUTPUT 718;"MKA?;" ENTER 718;Delta_amplitude OUTPUT 718;"MKF?;" ENTER 718;Delta_freq PRINT "DIFFERENCE IN FREQUENCY IS ",Delta_freq,"HZ" PRINT "DIFFERENCE IN AMPLITUDE IS ",Delta_amplitude,"DB END Chapter 7 529
Language Reference MKPT Marker Threshold MKPT Marker Threshold Syntax Figure 7-177 MKPT Syntax Description The MKPT command sets the minimum amplitude level from which a peak on the trace can be detected. The default value is −130 dBm. See also the MKPX command. Any portion of a peak that falls below the peak threshold is used to satisfy the peak excursion criteria.
Language Reference MKPT Marker Threshold Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;" INPUT "ENTER START FREQUENCY, IN MHZ",Start_freq INPUT "ENTER STOP FREQUENCY, IN MHZ",Stop_freq INPUT "ENTER IN MARKER THRESHOLD, IN DB",Thresh OUTPUT 718;"FA ";Start_freq;"MHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"FB ";Stop_freq;"MHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"MKPT ";Thresh;"DBM;" OUTPUT 718;"TS;MKPK HI;" END Chapter 7 531
Language Reference MKPX Peak Excursion MKPX Peak Excursion Syntax Figure 7-179 MKPX Syntax Description The MKPX command defines what constitutes a peak on a trace. The chosen value specifies the amount that a trace must increase monotonically, then decrease monotonically, in order to be a peak. For example, if the peak excursion is 10 dB, the amplitude of the sides of a candidate peak must descend at least 10 dB in order to be considered a peak. See Figure 7-180 on page 533. The default value is 6 dB.
Language Reference MKPX Peak Excursion Figure 7-180 MKPX Determines Which Signals are Considered Peaks Parameters number real from 0.1 to 10 in linear mode; 0 to 30 in log mode. UP or DN 1 vertical division of the display.
Language Reference MKPX Peak Excursion Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 534 OUTPUT 718;"IP;FA 250MHZ;FB 1300MHZ;" INPUT "ENTER IN PEAK EXCURSION, IN DB ",Excursion OUTPUT 718;"MKPX ";Excursion;"DB;" OUTPUT 718;"TS;MKPK HI;MKA?;" ENTER 718;Mka OUTPUT 718;"MKF?;" ENTER 718;Mkf PRINT "PEAK FOUND AT ",Mkf PRINT "PEAK AMPLITUDE IS",Mka END Chapter 7
Language Reference MKRL Marker to Reference Level MKRL Marker to Reference Level Syntax Figure 7-182 MKRL Syntax Description The MKRL command sets the reference level to the amplitude of an active marker. If no marker is active, MKRL places a marker at the center of the trace and uses that marker amplitude to set the reference level. This command is not available when in delta marker mode.
Language Reference MKSP Marker Delta to Span MKSP Marker Delta to Span Syntax Figure 7-183 MKSP Syntax Description The MKSP command sets the frequency span equal to the frequency difference between two markers on a trace. The start frequency is set equal to the frequency of the left-most marker and the stop frequency is set equal to the frequency of the right-most marker.
Language Reference MKSS Marker to Center Frequency Step-Size MKSS Marker to Center Frequency Step-Size Syntax Figure 7-184 MKSS Syntax Description The MKSS command sets the center frequency step-size equal to the frequency value of the active marker.
Language Reference MKT Marker Time MKT Marker Time Syntax Figure 7-185 MKT Syntax Description The MKT command places a marker at a position that corresponds to a specified point in time during the sweep. Default units are seconds. Parameter number real from 0 to the current sweep time. Preset State Off Query Response Figure 7-186 MKT Query Response Example 10 20 538 OUTPUT 718;"ST 2S;MKT 1.
Language Reference MKTRACK Signal Track MKTRACK Signal Track Syntax Figure 7-187 MKTRACK Syntax Description The MKTRACK command locates the active marker and sets the center frequency to the marker value. After every successive sweep, MKTRACK performs a peak search (MKPK), and then changes the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer to the frequency of the peak, thus maintaining the marker value at the center frequency.
Language Reference MKTRACK Signal Track Query Response Figure 7-188 MKTRACK Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 540 INPUT "ENTER IN CENTER FREQUENCY, IN MHZ",Freq INPUT "ENTER IN FREQUENCY SPAN, IN MHZ",Span OUTPUT 718;"IP;" OUTPUT 718;"CF ";Freq;"MHZ;TS;" OUTPUT 718;"MKTRACK ON;" OUTPUT 718;"SP ";Span;"MHZ;TS;" OUTPUT 718;"MKTRACK OFF;" END Chapter 7
Language Reference ML Mixer Level ML Mixer Level Syntax Figure 7-189 ML Syntax Description The ML command specifies the maximum signal level that is at the input mixer. The attenuator automatically adjusts to ensure that this level is not exceeded for signals less than the reference level. Parameters number integer from −80 to −10, in decade increments. Numbers round down to the nearest decade. UP or DN increments by 10 dB.
Language Reference ML Mixer Level Example 10 20 30 40 50 542 OUTPUT 718;"ML −40DBM;" OUTPUT 718;"ML?;" ENTER 718;Ml PRINT Ml END Chapter 7
Language Reference MXMH Maximum Hold MXMH Maximum Hold Syntax Figure 7-191 MXMH Syntax Description The MXMH command updates the chosen trace with the maximum signal level detected at each trace-data point from subsequent sweeps. This function employs the positive peak detector (refer to the DET command). The detector mode can be changed, if desired, after maximum hold is initialized.
Language Reference MXRMODE Mixer Mode MXRMODE Mixer Mode Syntax Figure 7-192 MXRMODE Syntax Description The MXRMODE command specifies the mixer mode. You can select either the internal mixer (INT) or an external mixer (EXT). This command does not apply to an 8560E/EC Option 002.
Language Reference NORMLIZE Normalize Trace Data NORMLIZE Normalize Trace Data Syntax Figure 7-194 NORMALIZE Syntax Description The NORMLIZE command activates or deactivates the normalization routine for stimulus-response measurements. This function subtracts trace B from trace A, offsets the result by the value of the normalized reference position (NRL), and displays the result in trace A. NORMLIZE is intended for use with the STOREOPEN and STORESHORT or STORETHRU commands.
Language Reference NORMLIZE Normalize Trace Data Query Response Figure 7-195 NORMALIZE Query Response Example The following example is for use with an 8560E/EC Option 002 only. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 ." 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;" OUTPUT 718;"FA 300KHZ;FB 1GHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;" OUTPUT 718;"SWPCPL SR;" OUTPUT 718;"RB 100KHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCTKPK;DONE?;" ENTER 718;Done PRINT "CONNECT THRU.
Language Reference NRL Normalized Reference Level NRL Normalized Reference Level Syntax Figure 7-196 NRL Syntax Description The NRL command sets the normalized reference level. It is intended to be used with the NORMLIZE command. When using NRL, the input attenuator and IF step gains are not affected. This function is a trace-offset function enabling the user to offset the displayed trace without introducing hardware-switching errors into the stimulus-response measurement.
Language Reference NRL Normalized Reference Level The NRL command recalls the last calibration run. If one of the earlier short or thru states has been recalled just before executing the NRL command then the current and recalled states don't match and the error occurs. To avoid this error, update the STORETHRU or STORESHORT state register with the current state before turning NRL on. The STORETHRU state register is state register 9. The STORESHORT state register is state register 8.
Language Reference NRL Normalized Reference Level 210 220 230 240 OUTPUT 718;"TS;DONE?;" ENTER 718;Done LOCAL 718 END Chapter 7 549
Language Reference NRPOS Normalized Reference Position NRPOS Normalized Reference Position Syntax Figure 7-198 NRPOS Syntax Description The NRPOS command adjusts the normalized reference-position that corresponds to the position on the graticule where the difference between the measured and calibrated traces resides. The dB value of the normalized reference-position is equal to the normalized reference level. The normalized reference-position can be adjusted between 0.0 and 10.
Language Reference NRPOS Normalized Reference Position Query Response Figure 7-199 NRPOS Query Response Example The following example is for use with an 8560E/EC Option 002 only. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 E." 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;" OUTPUT 718;"FA 300KHZ;FB 1GHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;" OUTPUT 718;"SWPCPL SR;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCTKPK;DONE?;" ENTER 718;Done PRINT "CONNECT THRU.
Language Reference OCCUP Percent Occupied Power Bandwidth OCCUP Percent Occupied Power Bandwidth Syntax Figure 7-200 OCCUP Syntax Description The OCCUP command is used to query the current value of the percent occupied power. This percentage is set by the DELMKBW and PWRBW commands. The OCCUP command can also be used to set the percent occupied power. Parameters number real from 1.00 to 99.
Language Reference OP Output Display Parameters OP Output Display Parameters Syntax Figure 7-202 OP Syntax Description The OP command requests the location of the lower left (P1) and upper right (P2) vertices of the display window.
Language Reference PLOT Plot Display PLOT Plot Display Syntax Figure 7-204 PLOT Syntax Description The PLOT command copies the specified display contents onto any HP-GL plotter. Set the plotter address to 5, select the P1 and P2 positions, and then execute the plot command. P1 and P2 correspond to the lower-left and upper-right plotter positions, respectively. If P1 and P2 are not specified, default values (either preloaded from power-up or sent in via a previous plot command) are used.
Language Reference PLOT Plot Display Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 OUTPUT 705;"OP;" ENTER 705;P1x,P1y,P2x,P2y ON INTR 7 GOTO Done ENABLE INTR 7;2 OUTPUT 718;"PLOT ";P1x;",";P1y;",";P2x;",";P2y;";" OUTPUT 718;"RQS 16;" SEND 7;UNL LISTEN 5 TALK 18 DATA Idle: GOTO Idle Done: S_poll=SPOLL(718) OUTPUT 718;"RQS 0;" PRINT "COMMAND IS COMPLETE" END Chapter 7 555
Language Reference PLOTORG Display Origins PLOTORG Display Origins Syntax Figure 7-205 PLOTORG Syntax Description The PLOTORG command specifies whether the P1 and P2 plotter settings are the origin for the display graticule or for the entire display. GRT allows you to position the output plot, such as trace A, on a preprinted graticule (obtained from the PLOTSRC command) and to save plotting time. For more information on P1 and P2 settings, see the PLOT command, or refer to Chapter 5.
Language Reference PLOTORG Display Origins Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 OUTPUT 705;"OP;" ENTER 705;P1x,P1y,P2x,P2y OUTPUT 718;"PLOTORG GRT;" OUTPUT 718;"PLOT ";P1x;",";P1y;",";P2x;",";P2y;";" SEND 7;UNL LISTEN 5 TALK 18 DATA END Chapter 7 557
Language Reference PLOTSRC Plot Source PLOTSRC Plot Source Syntax Figure 7-207 PLOTSRC Syntax Description The PLOTSRC command specifies the source for the PLOT command. Parameters ANNT plots only the annotation. GRT plots only the graticule. TRA plots only trace A. TRB plots only trace B. ALL plots the entire display.
Language Reference PLOTSRC Plot Source Query Response Figure 7-208 PLOT SRC Query Response Example 10 OUTPUT 705;"OP;" 20 ENTER 705;P1x,P1y,P2x,P2y 30 OUTPUT 718;"PLOTSRC TRA;RQS 16;PLOT ";P1x;",";P1y;",";P2x;",";P2y;";RQS 0;" 40 Done=0 50 IF Done=0 THEN GOSUB Wait_plot 60 Done=0 70 OUTPUT 718;"PLOTSRC ANNT;RQS 16;PLOT ";P1x;",";P1y;",";P2x;",";P2y;";RQS 0;" 80 IF Done=0 THEN GOSUB Wait_plot 90 PRINT "COMMAND IS COMPLETE" 100 STOP 110 Wait_plot: Done=1 120 ON INTR 7 GOTO Go_back 130 ENABLE INTR 7;2 140 S
Language Reference PP Preselector Peak PP Preselector Peak Syntax Figure 7-209 PP Syntax Description The PP command peaks the preselector in the Agilent 8561E/EC, Agilent 8562E/EC, Agilent 8563E/EC, Agilent 8564E/EC and Agilent 8565E/EC or when using the spectrum analyzer with a preselected external mixer. Make sure the entire frequency span is in high band (greater than 2.9 GHz), set the desired trace to clear-write mode, place a marker on a desired signal, then execute PP.
Language Reference PRINT Print PRINT Print Syntax Figure 7-210 PRINT Syntax Description The PRINT command initiates an output of the screen data to the remote interface. With appropriate GPIB commands, the GPIB can be configured to route the data to an external printer. The data is output in HP raster graphics format. PRINT or PRINT 0 produces a monochrome printout. PRINT 1 produces a "color format" output, if an HP PaintJet printer (or a compatible printer) is used.
Language Reference PRINT Print Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 562 OUTPUT 718;"IP;" OUTPUT 718;"CF 300MHZ;SP 1MHZ;TS;DONE?;" ENTER 718;Done ON INTR 7 GOTO Finish ENABLE INTR 7;2 OUTPUT 718;"PRINT 0;RQS 16;" SEND 7;UNT UNL LISTEN 1 TALK 18 DATA Idle: GOTO Idle Finish: S_poll=SPOLL(718) OUTPUT 718;"RQS 0;" PRINT "PRINT IS COMPLETE" END Chapter 7
Language Reference PSDAC Preselector DAC Number PSDAC Preselector DAC Number Syntax Figure 7-211 PSDAC Syntax Description The PSDAC command adjusts or returns the preselector peak DAC number. For use with Agilent 8561E/EC, Agilent 8562E/EC, Agilent 8563E/EC, Agilent 8564E/EC and Agilent 8565E/EC spectrum analyzers and when using preselected external mixers. When setting PSDAC to a given value, the hardware is not set until the end of the sweep.
Language Reference PSDAC Preselector DAC Number Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 564 OUTPUT 718;"CF 3GHZ;SP 500KHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"TS;MKPK HI;MKCF;TS;PP;" OUTPUT 718;"PSDAC?;" ENTER 718;Dac_number PRINT "PRESELECTOR DAC NUMBER IS",Dac_number END Chapter 7
Language Reference PSTATE Protect State PSTATE Protect State Syntax Figure 7-213 PSTATE Syntax Description The PSTATE command prevents storing any new data in the state or trace registers. When PSTATE is on, the registers are "locked"; the data in them cannot be erased or overwritten, although the data can be recalled. To "unlock" the registers, and store new data, set PSTATE to off by selecting 0 or OFF as the parameter.
Language Reference PSTATE Protect State Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 566 OUTPUT 718;"PSTATE ON;" OUTPUT 718;"PSTATE?;" ENTER 718;State PRINT State OUTPUT 718;"PSTATE OFF;" END Chapter 7
Language Reference PWRBW Power Bandwidth (Full Trace) PWRBW Power Bandwidth (Full Trace) Syntax Figure 7-215 PWRBW Syntax Description The PWRBW command first computes the combined power of all signal responses contained in a trace array. The command then computes the bandwidth equal to a percentage of the total power. For example, if 100 percent is specified, the power bandwidth equals the current frequency span.
Language Reference PWRBW Power Bandwidth (Full Trace) Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Hz" 90 DISP "CONNECT CAL OUT TO INPUT" OUTPUT 718;"IP;" OUTPUT 718;"SNGLS;" OUTPUT 718;"CF 300MHZ;SP 1MHZ;RB 300KHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"MXMH TRA;TS;TS;TS;TS;" OUTPUT 718;"PWRBW TRA, 99.0,?;" ENTER 718;P DISP "THE POWER BANDWIDTH AT 99 PERCENT IS";P/1.
Language Reference RB Resolution Bandwidth RB Resolution Bandwidth Syntax Figure 7-217 RB Syntax Description The RB command sets the resolution bandwidth. This is normally a coupled function that is selected by the span setting according to the ratio selected by the RBR command. If no ratio is selected, a default ratio (0.011) is used. The bandwidth, which ranges from 1 Hz to 2 MHz (or 10 Hz to 2 MHz for Option 103), can also be selected manually.
Language Reference RB Resolution Bandwidth Parameters number integer from 1 to 2E+6, or 10 to 2E+6 for Option 103. Numbers are rounded to the nearest bandwidth. UP or DN increments in a 1, 3, 10 sequence. Preset State Coupled mode, 1 MHz Query Response Figure 7-218 RB Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 570 OUTPUT 718;"IP;" OUTPUT 718;"CF 1.
Language Reference RBR Resolution Bandwidth to Span Ratio RBR Resolution Bandwidth to Span Ratio Syntax Figure 7-219 RBR Syntax Description The RBR command specifies the coupling ratio between the resolution bandwidth and the frequency span. When the frequency span is changed, the resolution bandwidth is changed to satisfy the selected ratio. Parameters number real from 0.002 to 0.10. UP or DN increments in a 1, 2, 5 sequence. Preset State 0.
Language Reference RBR Resolution Bandwidth to Span Ratio Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"IP;" 20 OUTPUT 718;"CF 1.
Language Reference RCLOSCAL Recall Open/Short Average RCLOSCAL Recall Open/Short Average Syntax Figure 7-221 RCLOSCAL Syntax Description The RCLOSCAL command recalls the internally stored open/short average reference trace into trace B. The instrument state is also set to the stored open/short reference state. Example The following example applies only to an 8560E/EC Option 002.
Language Reference RCLOSCAL Recall Open/Short Average 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 574 ENTER 718;Done PRINT "RECONNECT DUT. PRESS CONTINUE WHEN READY.
Language Reference RCLS Recall State RCLS Recall State Syntax Figure 7-222 RCLS Syntax Description The RCLS command recalls to the display a previously saved instrument state. See SAVES. Parameters number integer from 0 to 9. Registers 8 and 9 are used by the normalization routine. Numbers less than zero default to zero; numbers greater than nine default to nine. LAST recalls the instrument state that existed previous to executing the IP command or switching the spectrum analyzer off.
Language Reference RCLT Recall Trace RCLT Recall Trace Syntax Figure 7-223 RCLT Syntax Description The RCLT command recalls previously saved trace data to the display. See SAVET. Parameters TRA recalls the trace data to trace A. TRB recalls the trace data to trace B. number integer from 0 to 7. If a Agilent 85620A mass memory module is attached to the spectrum analyzer, trace registers 5, 6, and 7 are used by the Agilent 85620A mass memory module.
Language Reference RCLTHRU Recall Thru RCLTHRU Recall Thru Syntax Figure 7-224 RCLTHRU Syntax Description The RCLTHRU command recalls the internally stored thru-reference trace into trace B. The instrument state is also set to the stored thru-reference state. Example The following example applies only to an 8560E/EC Option 002.
Language Reference RCLTHRU Recall Thru 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 578 ENTER 718;Done OUTPUT 718;"NRPOS 8;TS;" PAUSE !demonstrate recall of thru trace OUTPUT 718;"IP;" OUTPUT 718;"RCLTHRU;TS;DONE?;" ENTER 718;Done !instrument state is returned to calibrated state OUTPUT 718;"NORMLIZE ON;" OUTPUT 718;"TS;DONE?;" ENTER 718;Done OUTPUT 718;"NRPOS 8;" OUTPUT 718;"TS;DONE?;" ENTER 718;Done !end recall LOCAL 718 END Chapter 7
Language Reference REV Revision Number REV Revision Number Syntax Figure 7-225 REV Syntax Description The REV command sends to the computer the revision date code of the spectrum analyzer firmware.
Language Reference RL Reference/Range Level RL Reference/Range Level Syntax Figure 7-227 RL Syntax Description The RL command sets the reference level, or range level when in normalized mode. (Range level functions the same as reference level.) The reference level is the top horizontal line on the graticule. For best measurement accuracy, place the peak of a signal of interest on the reference-level line.
Language Reference RL Reference/Range Level Table 7-8 Frequency Ranges and Minimum Reference Level (0 dB Input Attenuation) Minimum Reference Level Band 8560E/EC: 30 Hz to 2.9 GHz Agilent 8561E/EC: 30 Hz to 2.9 GHz 2.9 GHz to 6.5 GHz Agilent 8562E/EC: 30 Hz to 2.9 GHz 2.9 GHz to 6.46 GHz 6.76 GHz to 13.2 GHz Agilent 8563E/EC: 30 Hz to 2.9 GHz 2.9 GHz to 6.46 GHz 6.46 GHz to 13.2 GHz 13.2 GHz to 26.5 GHz Agilent 8564E/EC: 30 Hz to 2.9 GHz 2.9 GHz to 6.46 GHz 6.46 GHz to 13.2 GHz 13.2 GHz to 26.8 GHz 26.
Language Reference RL Reference/Range Level Parameters number dependent on the chosen amplitude units. UP or DN increments by one vertical division in log mode, and in a 1, 2, 5, 10 sequence in linear mode.
Language Reference RLCAL Reference Level Calibration RLCAL Reference Level Calibration Syntax Figure 7-229 RLCAL Syntax Description The RLCAL command allows you to calibrate the reference level remotely or check the current calibration. To calibrate the reference level, connect the 300 MHz calibration signal to the RF input. Set the center frequency to 300 MHz, the frequency span to 20 MHz, and the reference level to −10 dBm. Use the RLCAL command to move the input signal to the reference level.
Language Reference RLCAL Reference Level Calibration Example 10 INTEGER Rlcal,Fw_rev 20 DIM Model$[80] 30 OUTPUT 718;"Revision?;" 40 ENTER 718;Fw_rev 50 OUTPUT 718;"ID string?;" 40 ENTER 718;Model$ 50 INPUT "CONNECT CAL SIGNAL TO RF INPUT AND PRESS CONTINU E",A$ 60 OUTPUT 718;"IP;TS;CF 300MHZ;SP 100KHZ;RL 0DBM;TS;" 70 OUTPUT 718;"MKPK HI;MKA?;" 80 ENTER 718;Mkamptd 90 OUTPUT 718;"RLCAL?;" 100 ENTER 718;Rlcal 110 IF POS(Model$,"E")=7 AND Fw_rev>=930226 THEN ! 8560E/ EC-Series with newer firmware 120 Dac_sen
Language Reference ROFFSET Amplitude Reference Offset ROFFSET Amplitude Reference Offset Syntax Figure 7-230 ROFFSET Syntax Description The ROFFSET command introduces an offset to all amplitude readouts (for example, the reference level and marker amplitude). The offset is in dB, regardless of the selected scale and units. The offset can be useful to account for gains or losses in accessories connected to the input of the analyzer.
Language Reference ROFFSET Amplitude Reference Offset Query Response Figure 7-231 ROFFSET Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 586 INPUT "ENTER REFERENCE LEVEL OFFSET",Roffset OUTPUT 718;"ROFFSET ";Roffset;"DB;" OUTPUT 718;"ROFFSET?;" ENTER 718;Roffset PRINT "AMPLITUDE OFFSET IS ",Roffset END Chapter 7
Language Reference RQS Request Service Conditions RQS Request Service Conditions Syntax Figure 7-232 RQS Syntax Description The RQS command sets a bit mask that specifies which service requests can interrupt a program sequence. Each service request has a corresponding bit number and decimal equivalent of that bit number, as shown in Table 7-1 on page 372. Use the decimal equivalents to set the bit mask.
Language Reference RQS Request Service Conditions Query Response Figure 7-233 RQS Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 588 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;CF 300MHZ;SP 20MHZ;TS;" OUTPUT 718;"RQS 16;" ON INTR 7 GOTO Srq ENABLE INTR 7;2 OUTPUT 718;"SRQ 16;" Idle: GOTO Idle Srq: Sbyte=SPOLL(718) PRINT Sbyte PRINT "INTERRUPT GENERATED" OUTPUT 718;"RQS 0;" LOCAL 718 END Chapter 7
Language Reference SAVES Save State SAVES Save State Syntax Figure 7-234 SAVES Syntax Description The SAVES command saves the currently displayed instrument state in the specified state register. Parameters number integer from 0 to 9. Registers 8 and 9 are used by the normalization routine. Numbers less than zero default to zero; numbers greater than nine default to nine. PWRON sets the spectrum analyzer to the current state when the spectrum analyzer is turned on.
Language Reference SAVET Save Trace SAVET Save Trace Syntax Figure 7-235 SAVET Syntax Description The SAVET command saves the selected trace in the specified trace register. There is a total of eight save-trace registers in which to store trace data from traces A and B. Be careful not to overwrite previously saved trace data. Parameters TRA stores the contents of trace A. TRB stores the contents of trace B. number integer from 0 to 7.
Language Reference SER Serial Number SER Serial Number Syntax Figure 7-236 SER Syntax Description The SER command returns the spectrum analyzer serial number to the computer.
Language Reference SIGID Signal Identification SIGID Signal Identification Syntax Figure 7-238 SIGID Syntax Description The SIGID command identifies signals primarily for the external mixing frequency bands, when using unpreselected external mixers. SIGID only applies to spectrum analyzers with firmware revisions ≤920528 or with Option 008. Two signal identification methods are available. AUTO employs the image response method for locating correct mixer responses.
Language Reference SIGID Signal Identification Query Response Figure 7-239 SIGID Query Response where 1 = manual mode is active and 0 = auto mode is active or SIGID is off.
Language Reference SNGLS Single Sweep SNGLS Single Sweep Syntax Figure 7-240 SNGLS Syntax Description The SNGLS command selects the single-sweep mode. This mode allows only one sweep when trigger conditions are met. When this function is active, an S appears on the left edge of the display.
Language Reference SP Frequency Span SP Frequency Span Syntax Figure 7-241 SP Syntax Description The SP command sets the frequency span. The center frequency does not change with changes in the frequency span; start and stop frequencies do change. Setting the frequency span to 0 Hz effectively allows an amplitude-versus-time mode in which to view signals. This is especially useful for viewing modulation. Querying SP will leave the analyzer in center frequency and span mode.
Language Reference SP Frequency Span Parameters number real from 0 to 2.9E+9 (8560E/EC) 0 to 6.5E+9 (Agilent 8561E/EC) 0 to 13.2E+9 (Agilent 8562E/EC) 0 to 26.5E+9 (Agilent 8563E/EC) 0 to 40E+9 (Agilent 8564E/EC) 0 to 50E+9 (Agilent 8565E/EC) 0 to 307E+9 in external mixer mode. UP or DN increments in a 1, 2, 5 sequence. Preset State • • • • • • Full span, 2.9 GHz (8560E/EC) Full span, 6.5 GHz (Agilent 8561E/EC) Full span, 13.2 GHz (Agilent 8562E/EC) Full span, 26.
Language Reference SQUELCH Squelch SQUELCH Squelch Syntax Figure 7-243 SQUELCH Syntax Description The SQUELCH command adjusts the squelch level for demodulation. When this function is on, a dashed line indicating the squelch level appears on the display. A marker must be active and above the squelch line for demodulation to occur. Refer to the DEMOD command. The default value is −120 dBm.
Language Reference SQUELCH Squelch Parameters number real from −220 to 30. UP or DN increments by 1 vertical division. Preset State Off Query Response Figure 7-244 SQUELCH Query Response Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"IP;" 20 OUTPUT 718;"FA 88MHZ;FB 108MHZ;" 30 OUTPUT 718;"MKN EP;" 40 PRINT "MOVE MARKER TO SIGNAL TO BE DEMODULATED" 50 PRINT "PRESS HOLD; THEN PRESS CONTINUE" 60 PAUSE 70 INPUT "ENTER DEMODULATION TIME (.
Language Reference SRCALC Source Leveling Control SRCALC Source Leveling Control Syntax Figure 7-245 SRCALC Syntax Description The SRCALC command selects internal (INT) or external (EXT) leveling for use with the built-in tracking generator. This function is available only with an 8560E/EC Option 002. Query Response Figure 7-246 SRCALC Query Response Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;TS;CF 300 MHZ;SP 1MHZ;" 20 OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;SRCPWR -5DBM;TS;" 30 PRINT "CONNECT EXTERNAL LEVELING LOOP.
Language Reference SRCCRSTK Coarse Tracking Adjust SRCCRSTK Coarse Tracking Adjust Syntax Figure 7-247 SRCCRSTK Syntax Description The SRCCRSTK command controls the coarse adjustment to the frequency of the built-in tracking-generator oscillator. Once enabled, this adjustment is made in digital-to-analog-converter (DAC) values from 0 to 255. For fine adjustment, refer to the SRCFINTK command description. SRCCRSTK is available only with an 8560E/EC Option 002. Parameters number integer from 0 to 255.
Language Reference SRCCRSTK Coarse Tracking Adjust Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 RE." 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 OUTPUT 718;"IP;" OUTPUT 718;"FA 300KHZ;FB 1GHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;" OUTPUT 718;"SWPCPL SR;RB 10KHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"TS;DONE?;" ENTER 718;Done OUTPUT 718;"SRCCRSTK EP;" PRINT "ADJUST TRACKING (coarse adjust) USING KNOB ON ANALYZER." PRINT "PRESS [HOLD], THEN CONTINUE WHEN READY.
Language Reference SRCFINTK Fine Tracking Adjust SRCFINTK Fine Tracking Adjust Syntax Figure 7-249 SRCFINTK Syntax Description The SRCFINTK command controls the fine adjustment of the frequency of the built-in tracking-generator oscillator. Once enabled, this adjustment is made in digital-to-analog-converter (DAC) values from 0 to 255. For coarse adjustment, refer to the SRCCRSTK command description. SRCFINTK is available only with an 8560E/EC Option 002. Parameters number integer from 0 to 255.
Language Reference SRCFINTK Fine Tracking Adjust Query Response Figure 7-250 SRCFINTK Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 RE." 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 OUTPUT 718;"IP;" OUTPUT 718;"FA 300KHZ;FB 1GHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;" OUTPUT 718;"SWPCPL SR;RB 10KHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"TS;DONE?;" ENTER 718;Done OUTPUT 718;"SRCCRSTK EP;" PRINT "ADJUST TRACKING (coarse adjust) USING KNOB ON ANALYZER.
Language Reference SRCPOFS Source Power Offset SRCPOFS Source Power Offset Syntax Figure 7-251 SRCPOFS Syntax Description The SRCPOFS command offsets the displayed power of the built-in tracking generator. This function can be used to take into account system losses (for example, cable loss) or gains (for example, preamplifier gain) reflecting the actual power delivered to the device under test. SRCPOFS is available only with an 8560E/EC Option 002. Parameters number real from −100 dB to +100 dB.
Language Reference SRCPOFS Source Power Offset Query Response Figure 7-252 SRCPOFS Query Response Example OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;" OUTPUT 718;"CF 300MHZ;SP 0HZ;TS;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;SRCPWR -10DBM;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCPSWP ON;SRCPSWP 10DB;TS;" INPUT "ENTER GAIN OF PREAMPLIFIER UNDER TEST",Gain OUTPUT 718;"SRCPOFS ";Gain;"DB;" OUTPUT 718;"TS;MKPK HI;MKD;MKMIN;" Chapter 7 605
Language Reference SRCPSTP Source Power Step SRCPSTP Source Power Step Syntax Figure 7-253 SRCPSTP Syntax Description The SRCPSTP command sets the step size of the source power level, source power offset, and power-sweep range functions. This function is available only with an 8560E/EC Option 002. Parameters number real from 0.1 dB to 12.75 dB; 0.05 dB resolution via GPIB. UP or DN 0.1 dB steps. Preset State 1.
Language Reference SRCPSTP Source Power Step Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;" OUTPUT 718;"CF 300MHZ;SP 0HZ;TS;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;SRCPWR -10DBM;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCPSTP 1.
Language Reference SRCPSWP Source Power Sweep SRCPSWP Source Power Sweep Syntax Figure 7-255 SRCPSWP Syntax Description The SRCPSWP command activates and deactivates the power-sweep function, where the output power of the tracking generator is swept over the power-sweep range chosen. The starting source power level is set using the SRCPWR command. The output power of the tracking generator is swept according to the sweep rate of the spectrum analyzer.
Language Reference SRCPSWP Source Power Sweep Query Response Figure 7-256 SRCPSWP Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT END Chapter 7 718;"IP;SNGLS;" 718;"CF 300MHZ;SP 0HZ;TS;" 718;"SRCPWR ON;SRCPWR -10DBM;" 718;"SRCPSWP ON;SRCPSWP 10DB;TS;" 718;"MKPK HI;MKD;MKMIN;TS;" 609
Language Reference SRCPWR Source Power SRCPWR Source Power Syntax Figure 7-257 SRCPWR Syntax Description The SRCPWR command turns the built-in tracking generator on and off and adjusts the output power. This function is available only with an 8560E/EC Option 002.
Language Reference SRCPWR Source Power Parameters number real from −10 dBm to +2.8 dBm; 0.05 dB resolution via GPIB. UP or DN increments in steps equal to the value set by SRCPSTP. Preset State −10 dBm Query Response Figure 7-258 SRCPWR Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 RE." 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;" OUTPUT 718;"FA 300KHZ;FB 1GHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;" OUTPUT 718;"SWPCPL SR;" PRINT "CONNECT THRU.
Language Reference SRCTKPK Source Tracking Peak SRCTKPK Source Tracking Peak Syntax Figure 7-259 SRCTKPK Syntax Description The SRCTKPK command activates a routine that automatically adjusts both the coarse- and fine-tracking adjustments to obtain the peak response of the tracking generator on the spectrum-analyzer display. Tracking peak is not necessary for resolution bandwidths greater than or equal to 300 kHz. A thru connection should be made prior to peaking in order to ensure accuracy.
Language Reference SRQ Service Request SRQ Service Request Syntax Figure 7-260 SRQ Syntax Description The SRQ command triggers a service request. This command allows you to force a service request and test a program designed to handle service requests. However, the service request can be triggered only if it is first masked using the RQS command. For more service request information, refer to "Monitoring System Operation" in Chapter 5, "Programming.
Language Reference SS Center Frequency Step-Size SS Center Frequency Step-Size Syntax Figure 7-261 SS Syntax Description The SS command sets the center frequency step-size. This is normally a coupled function. After entering a step size, execute the CF command using the UP or DN parameter. The center frequency is adjusted by the selected step size. This function is useful for quickly tuning to the harmonics of an input signal. The default value is 10 percent of span.
Language Reference SS Center Frequency Step-Size Parameters number real from 25 to 26.50E+9 (hardware dependent). UP or DN increments in a 1, 2, 5, 10 sequence. Preset State • • • • • • 290 MHz, AUTO (8560E/EC) 650 MHz, AUTO (Agilent 8561E/EC) 1.32 GHz, AUTO (Agilent 8562E/EC) 2.65 GHz, AUTO (Agilent 8563E/EC) 4.0 GHz, AUTO (Agilent 8564E/EC) 5.
Language Reference ST Sweep Time ST Sweep Time Syntax Figure 7-263 ST Syntax Description The ST command sets the sweep time. This is normally a coupled function that is automatically set to the optimum value allowed by the current instrument settings. Alternatively, you can specify the sweep time. Note that when the specified sweep time is too fast for the current instrument settings, the instrument is no longer calibrated and the message MEAS UNCAL appears on the display.
Language Reference ST Sweep Time Parameters number real from 50 ms to 100s with spans greater than 0 Hz (50 ms to 2000s for Agilent 8562E/EC, Agilent 8564E/EC, Agilent 8565E/EC; and Agilent 8560E/EC, Agilent 8561E/EC, and Agilent 8563E/EC with serial number prefix ≥3424A). real from 50 µs to 6000s when the span equals 0 Hz (50 µs to 100 s for firmware revision 920528). UP or DN increments in a 1, 2, 5, 10 sequence.
Language Reference STB Status Byte Query STB Status Byte Query Syntax Figure 7-265 STB Syntax Description The STB command returns to the controller the decimal equivalent of the bits set in the status byte (see the RQS and SRQ commands). STB is equivalent to a serial poll command. The RQS and associated bits are cleared in the same way that a serial poll command would clear them. For more information, refer to Chapter 5.
Language Reference STB Status Byte Query Query Response Figure 7-266 STB Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;CF 300MHZ;SP 20MHZ;TS;" OUTPUT 718;"VAVG 10;RQS 16;" ON INTR 7 GOTO Srq ENABLE INTR 7;2 OUTPUT 718;"TS;" Idle: GOTO Idle Srq: OUTPUT 718;"STB?;" ENTER 718;Sbyte PRINT Sbyte PRINT "VIDEO AVERAGING IS COMPLETE" OUTPUT 718;"RQS 0;" LOCAL 718 END Chapter 7 619
Language Reference STOREOPEN Store Open STOREOPEN Store Open Syntax Figure 7-267 STOREOPEN Syntax Description The STOREOPEN command saves the current instrument state and trace A into nonvolatile memory. This command must be used in conjunction with the STORESHORT command and must precede the STORESHORT command. The data obtained during the STOREOPEN procedure is averaged with the data obtained during the STORESHORT procedure to provide an open/short calibration.
Language Reference STOREOPEN Store Open Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;" 20 OUTPUT 718;"FA 300KHZ;FB 1GHZ;" 30 OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;" !8560E Option 002 only. 40 OUTPUT 718;"SWPCPL SR;" 50 PRINT "CONNECT OPEN. PRESS CONTINUE WHEN READY TO STO RE." 60 PAUSE 70 OUTPUT 718;"TS;DONE?;" 80 ENTER 718;Done 90 OUTPUT 718;"STOREOPEN;" 100 PRINT "CONNECT SHORT. PRESS CONTINUE WHEN READY TO STORE AND AVERAGE.
Language Reference STORESHORT Store Short STORESHORT Store Short Syntax Figure 7-268 STORESHORT Syntax Description The STORESHORT command takes currently displayed trace A data and averages this data with previously stored open data, and stores it in trace B. This command is used in conjunction with the STOREOPEN command and must be preceded by it for proper operation. Refer to the STOREOPEN command description for more information.
Language Reference STORESHORT Store Short Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;" 20 OUTPUT 718;"FA 300KHZ;FB 1GHZ;" 30 OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;" !8560E/EC Option 002 only . 40 OUTPUT 718;"SWPCPL SR;" 50 PRINT "CONNECT OPEN. PRESS CONTINUE WHEN READY TO STO RE." 60 PAUSE 70 OUTPUT 718;"TS;DONE?;" 80 ENTER 718;Done 90 OUTPUT 718;"STOREOPEN;" 100 PRINT "CONNECT SHORT. PRESS CONTINUE WHEN READY TO STORE AND AVERAGE.
Language Reference STORETHRU Store Thru STORETHRU Store Thru Syntax Figure 7-269 STORETHRU Syntax Description The STORETHRU command stores a thru-calibration trace into trace B and into the nonvolatile memory of the spectrum analyzer. The state of the thru information is stored in state register number 9. NOTE The STORETHRU command is primarily intended for use with a tracking generator.
Language Reference STORETHRU Store Thru Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 ." 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;" OUTPUT 718;"FA 300KHZ;FB 1GHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;" !8560E Option 002 only. OUTPUT 718;"SWPCPL SR;" OUTPUT 718;"RB 300KHZ;TS;" PRINT "CONNECT THRU.
Language Reference SWPCPL Sweep Couple SWPCPL Sweep Couple Syntax Figure 7-270 SWPCPL Syntax Description The SWPCPL command selects either a stimulus-response (SR) or spectrum-analyzer (SA) auto-coupled sweep time. In stimulus-response mode, auto-coupled sweep times are usually much faster for swept-response measurements.
Language Reference SWPCPL Sweep Couple Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 OUTPUT 718;"IP;SNGLS;" OUTPUT 718;"FA 300KHZ;FB 1GHZ;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCPWR ON;" !8560E Option 002 only. OUTPUT 718;"SWPCPL SR;" OUTPUT 718;"SRCTKPK;DONE?;" !8560E Option 002 only.
Language Reference SWPOUT Sweep Output SWPOUT Sweep Output Syntax Figure 7-272 SWPOUT Syntax Description The SWPOUT command selects the sweep-related signal that is available from connector J8 (labeled LO SWP|FAV OUTPUT) on the rear panel. FAV (frequency analog voltage) provides a voltage nominally equal to 0.5 V/GHz of the tuned frequency when in internal mixing. FAVA (frequency analog voltage attenuated) provides a voltage nominally equal to 0.
Language Reference SWPOUT Sweep Output Query Response Figure 7-273 SWPOUT Query Response Example 10 INPUT "SELECT THE SIGNAL OUTPUT OF J8 (RAMP OR FAV)",Sig_out$ 20 OUTPUT 718;"SWPOUT ";Sig_out$;";" 30 OUTPUT 718;"SWPOUT?;" 40 ENTER 718;Sig_out$ 50 PRINT "SELECTED SIGNAL OUTPUT IS ",Sig_out$ 60 END Chapter 7 629
Language Reference TDF Trace Data Format TDF Trace Data Format Syntax Figure 7-274 TDF Syntax Description The TDF command selects the format used to input and output trace data (see the TRA/TRB command or refer to Chapter 5 for more information about trace data formats). You must specify the desired format when transferring data from the spectrum analyzer to a computer; this is optional when transferring data to the analyzer. Parameters A specifies A-block data format.
Language Reference TDF Trace Data Format Query Response Figure 7-275 TDF Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 REAL A(1:601) OUTPUT 718;"IP;CF 300MHZ;SP 20MHZ;SNGLS;TS;" CALL Get_data(Fa,Fb,Rl,Rb,Vb,St,Lg,Aunits$) OUTPUT 718;"TDF P;TRA?;" ENTER 718;A(*) PRINT "PRESS CONTINUE TO RETURN DATA TO THE ANALYZER.
Language Reference TH Threshold TH Threshold Syntax Figure 7-276 TH Syntax Description The TH command sets the minimum amplitude level and clips data at this value. Default value is −90 dBm. See also MKPT. MKPT does not clip data below its threshold. NOTE When a trace is in max-hold mode, if the threshold is raised above any of the trace data, the data below the threshold will be permanently lost.
Language Reference TH Threshold Parameters number dependent upon the chosen amplitude units. UP or DN increments by one vertical division.
Language Reference TITLE Title Entry TITLE Title Entry Syntax Figure 7-278 TITLE Syntax Description The TITLE command places character data in the title area of the display, which is in the upper-right corner. A title can be up to two rows of sixteen characters each and can include the special characters shown in Table 7-1 on page 372. Carriage return and line feed characters are not recommended. For more information on creating titles, refer to Chapter 5 of this manual.
Language Reference TITLE Title Entry See the programming example for an example of a title with a special character in it. Table 7-10 Special Printing Characters Code Character 60 62 168 169 225 226 237 240 241 242 243 244 247 249 < > ← → α β µ π θ ρ σ τ ω ∆ Parameter msb length and lsb length represent the length of the title as two 8-bit bytes. Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"TITLE@This is a title@;" Displays "This is a title" as the screen title.
Language Reference TM Trigger Mode TM Trigger Mode Syntax Figure 7-279 TM Syntax Description The TM command selects a trigger mode. Selected trigger conditions must be met in order for a sweep to occur. The available trigger modes are listed below. When any trigger mode other than free run is selected, a T appears on the left edge of the display. Parameters EXT selects the external mode. Connect an external trigger source to J5 EXT/GATE TRIG INPUT on the rear panel of the spectrum analyzer.
Language Reference TM Trigger Mode selected level. Video triggering is not available for resolution bandwidths ≤100 Hz.
Language Reference TRA/TRB Trace Data Input/Output TRA/TRB Trace Data Input/Output Syntax Figure 7-281 TRA/TRB Syntax Description The TRA and TRB commands provide a method for transferring trace data to or from a computer. The available data formats are parameter (P) format, binary (B) format, A-block format, I-block format, or measurement units (M) format. Transfers to the computer must be completed within 30 seconds or the transfer will be aborted.
Language Reference TRA/TRB Trace Data Input/Output Query Response Figure 7-282 TRA/TRB Query Response Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 REAL A(1:601) OUTPUT 718;"IP;CF 300MHZ;SP 20MHZ;SNGLS;TS;" CALL Get_data(Fa,Fb,Rl,Rb,Vb,St,Lg,Aunits$) OUTPUT 718;"TDF P;TRA?;" ENTER 718;A(*) PRINT "PRESS CONTINUE TO RETURN DATA TO THE ANALYZER.
Language Reference TRA/TRB Trace Data Input/Output 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 640 END IF SUBEND SUB Get_data(Fa,Fb,Rl,Rb,Vb,St,Lg,Aunits$) OUTPUT 718;"FA?;FB?;RL?;RB?;VB?;ST?;LG?;AUNITS?;" ENTER 718 USING "K";Fa,Fb,Rl,Rb,Vb,St,Lg,Aunits$ PRINT Fa,Fb,Rl,Rb,Vb,St,Lg,Aunits$ SUBEND Chapter 7
Language Reference TRIGPOL Trigger Polarity TRIGPOL Trigger Polarity Syntax Figure 7-283 TRIGPOL Syntax Description Selects the edge (positive or negative) of the trigger input that causes the trigger event. TRIGPOL is available in all trigger modes. The trigger polarity (TRIGPOL) will always match the gate polarity. For example, if you set GP to positive, TRIGPOL will automatically be set to positive also.
Language Reference TS Take Sweep TS Take Sweep Syntax Figure 7-285 TS Syntax Description TS commands the spectrum analyzer to take one full sweep across the trace display. Commands following TS are not executed until after the analyzer has finished the trace sweep. (This ensures that the instrument is set to a known condition before subsequent commands are executed.) For information on how to synchronize a program using TS and the DONE command, refer to Chapter 5.
Language Reference TWNDOW Trace Window TWNDOW Trace Window Syntax Figure 7-286 TWNDOW Syntax NOTE The destination trace is not currently used, but it must be supplied for future compatibility. Description The TWNDOW command creates a window trace array for the fast Fourier transform (FFT) function. The trace-window function creates a trace array according to three built-in algorithms: UNIFORM, HANNING, and FLATTOP.
Language Reference TWNDOW Trace Window Preset State HANNING Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 644 OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT END 718;"IP;" 718;"CF 300 MHZ;" 718;"SP 0HZ;ST 50MS;" 718;"TWNDOW TRA, UNIFORM;" 718;"CLRW TRB;" 718;"SNGLS;TS;TS;" 718;"FFT TRA,TRB,TRA;" 718;"BLANK TRB;" 718;"VIEW TRA;" Chapter 7
Language Reference VAVG Video Average VAVG Video Average Syntax Figure 7-287 VAVG Syntax Description The VAVG command activates the video averaging function. Video averaging smooths the displayed trace without using a narrow bandwidth. VAVG sets the IF detector to sample mode (see the DET command) and smooths the trace by averaging successive traces with each other. If desired, you can change the detector mode during video averaging.
Language Reference VAVG Video Average Parameters number integer from 1 to 999. UP or DN increments by 1.
Language Reference VB Video Bandwidth VB Video Bandwidth Syntax Figure 7-289 VB Syntax Description The VB command specifies the video bandwidth. Video bandwidths filter (or smooth) post-detected video information. This is normally a coupled function that is selected according to the ratio selected by the VBR command. (If no ratio is selected, a default ratio of 1.0 is used.) The bandwidths, which range from 1 Hz to 3 MHz, can also be selected manually.
Language Reference VB Video Bandwidth When the sweep time is <30 ms and the resolution bandwidth is ≥300 Hz, then the narrowest video bandwidth available is 300 Hz. If the resolution bandwidth is ≤100 Hz and the span is zero, video filtering does not occur. Reducing the video bandwidth or increasing the number of video averages will usually smooth the trace by about as much for the same total measurement time.
Language Reference VBR Video Bandwidth to Resolution Bandwidth Ratio VBR Video Bandwidth to Resolution Bandwidth Ratio Syntax Figure 7-291 VBR Syntax Description The VBR command specifies the coupling ratio between the video bandwidth and the resolution bandwidth. Thus, when the resolution bandwidth is changed, the video bandwidth changes to satisfy the ratio. When a new ratio is selected, the video bandwidth changes to satisfy the new ratio — the resolution bandwidth does not change value.
Language Reference VBR Video Bandwidth to Resolution Bandwidth Ratio Query Response Figure 7-292 VBR Query Response Example 10 OUTPUT 718;"IP;" 20 OUTPUT 718;"CF 1.
Language Reference VIEW View Trace VIEW View Trace Syntax Figure 7-293 VIEW Syntax Description The VIEW command displays the current contents of the selected trace, but does not update the contents. View mode can be executed before a sweep is complete when SNGLS and TS are not used. For more information on using SNGLS and TS, refer to Chapter 5.
Language Reference VTL Video Trigger Level VTL Video Trigger Level Syntax Figure 7-294 VTL Syntax Description The VTL commands sets the video trigger level when the trigger mode is set to VIDEO (refer to the TM command). A dashed line appears on the display to indicate the approximate level. The default value is 0 dBm. Parameters number real from −220 to 30. UP or DN increments by 1 vertical division.
Language Reference VTL Video Trigger Level Preset State 0 dBm Query Response Figure 7-295 VTL Query Response Example 10 20 30 OUTPUT 718;"TM VID;" OUTPUT 718;"VTL −20DBM;" END Chapter 7 653
Language Reference VTL Video Trigger Level 654 Chapter 7
8 Options and Accessories 655
Options and Accessories Options Options Options tailor the spectrum analyzer to your needs. Order options by the option number when you order the analyzer. Some options are available as kits, which may be ordered and installed after you receive your instrument. Second IF output (Option 001) provides an output for the second IF (310.7 MHz) at rear-panel connector J10. Not available with Option 327. Tracking generator (Option 002) provides a built-in 300 kHz to 2.
Options and Accessories Options Delete mass memory module (Option 104) deletes the module used to expand user memory which allows storage and execution of downloadable programs (DLPs) and limit lines. Delete IF input and video output (Option 327) deletes the front-panel IF input connector and the rear-panel video output connector. Refurbished 8560 E-Series (Option 8ZE) provides refurbished spectrum analyzers at a reduced cost.
Options and Accessories Options Commercial calibration with test data (Option UK6) spectrum analyzer is shipped with a commercial calibration certificate and the calibration test data. Three years return-to-Agilent service (Option W30) extends the factory warranty for three years of customer return repair service. Three years return-to-Agilent calibration (Option W32) provides three years of Agilent Technologies calibration service at Agilent Technologies Customer Service Centers.
Options and Accessories Accessories Available Accessories Available A number of accessories are available from Agilent Technologies to help you configure the spectrum analyzer for your specific needs. Agilent 85629B test and adjustment module Not available for the Agilent 8564E/EC or Agilent 8565E/EC. The Agilent 85629B adds four test and repair procedures to the 8560E/EC, Agilent 8561E/EC, Agilent 8562E/EC, and Agilent 8563E/EC spectrum analyzers: • • • • Functional Tests. Adjustment Procedures.
Options and Accessories Accessories Available Agilent 86205A RF bridge has a frequency range of 300 kHz to 6 GHz. This general-purpose, 50Ω bridge is used for reflection measurements and signal leveling applications. It has 1.5 dB + 0.1 dB/GHz of insertion loss and approximately 3 dB coupling factor. The directivity varies from 40 dB to 16 dB over the specified operating range. The maximum input power is +25 dBm.
Options and Accessories Accessories Available Agilent 11970V millimeter harmonic mixer is a broadband harmonic mixer used to extend the frequency range from 50 GHz to 77 GHz. Agilent 11970W millimeter harmonic mixer is a broadband harmonic mixer used to extend the frequency range from 75 GHz to 110 GHz. Agilent 83006A Amplifier provides 20 dB gain from 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz in a small package which fits easily into existing systems. Agilent 83017A Amplifier provides 25 dB gain from 500 MHz to 26.
Options and Accessories Accessories Available Agilent 85671A Phase Noise Measurement Utility is a software measurement utility that makes it easy to use the spectrum analyzer to make phase noise measurements. Agilent 85672A Spurious Response Measurements Utility is a software measurement utility that makes it easy to use the spectrum analyzer to make TOI/IMD, harmonics, general spurious, sidebands, and mixer measurements.
Options and Accessories Accessories Available part number 8120-6164 50 GHz RF cable is used for connecting the device under test to the RF input of the spectrum analyzer. This 50 Ω cable has less than 5.7 dB of loss at 50 GHz. It is 1 meter long with 2.4 mm (male) and 2.4 mm (female) connectors. Agilent 10833A/B/C/D GPIB cable is used for connecting GPIB devices. ITEL-45CHVUB (U.S.
Options and Accessories Accessories Available Transit case (p/n 9211-5604) provides extra protection for frequent travel situations. The transit case protects your instrument from hostile environments, shock, vibration, moisture, and impact while providing a secure enclosure for shipping. Soft Carrying Bag (p/n 1540-1130) provides a soft carrying bag that is used to provide additional protection when transporting your instrument.
9 If You Have a Problem 665
If You Have a Problem What You'll Find in This Chapter What You'll Find in This Chapter This chapter provides information for troubleshooting and adjusting the spectrum analyzer, and returning it to Agilent Technologies for service.
If You Have a Problem Spectrum Analyzer Problems Spectrum Analyzer Problems If you need additional information, or want to order parts, options, accessories, or service documentation, contact your Agilent Technologies sales and service office. See Table 9-3 on page 683. There are different types of problems: • Blank screen Refer to "Blank Display" following this section. • Error message Refer to "Error Messages" at the end of this chapter.
If You Have a Problem Spectrum Analyzer Problems • Review the test procedure that was being used when the problem occurred. Are all the settings correct? • Are the measurements that are being performed and the expected results within the specifications and capabilities of the spectrum analyzer? Refer to the calibration guide for specifications. Table 9-1 Problems and Possible Causes Symptoms Things to Check GPIB doesn't work • Check that GPIB cable is connected and cable is good.
If You Have a Problem Agilent 85629B Test and Adjustment Module Agilent 85629B Test and Adjustment Module The test and adjustment module (TAM) can be used with the 8560E/EC, Agilent 8561E/EC and Agilent 8563E/EC. A powerful feature of the TAM is the automatic fault isolation routine. If a problem with the spectrum analyzer is suspected, in most cases automatic fault isolation can determine whether or not a fault exists in the analyzer.
If You Have a Problem Agilent 85620A Mass Memory Module Agilent 85620A Mass Memory Module If the mass memory module functions are missing when you press the MODULE key, check the rear panel of the spectrum analyzer. In this case, the message MODULE NOT FOUND will appear on the display. The mass memory module should be attached to the rear panel. When it is attached, the spectrum analyzer has internal memory and a broader range of commands available.
If You Have a Problem Replacing the Battery Replacing the Battery If the battery that maintains the spectrum analyzer random access memory is deteriorating, stored states and traces will only be retained for a short time after the instrument is powered off. When the voltage across the battery drops to +2.6 V, its life and use are limited and the output voltage will deteriorate quickly. The battery for maintaining the memory can be accessed through the rear panel.
If You Have a Problem Power Requirements Power Requirements The power requirements for the spectrum analyzer are listed in Table 9-2. Table 9-2 Operating Power Requirements Line Input Power Requirements 115 V ac Operation 230 V ac Operation Line Voltage 90 V to 140 V rms 180 V to 250 V rms Current 3.2 A rms max 1.
If You Have a Problem Power Requirements Checking the Fuse The type of ac line input fuse depends on the input line voltage. Use the following fuses: 115 V operation: 5 A 125 V UL/CSA (part number 2110-0756) 230 V operation: 5 A 250 V IEC (part number 2110-0709) The line fuse is housed in a small container located on the rear-panel power connector. The container provides space for storing a spare fuse, as shown in the Figure 9-1 on page 672.
If You Have a Problem Power Requirements Figure 9-2 AC Power Cables Available 674 Chapter 9
If You Have a Problem Procedures Procedures The following adjustment and troubleshooting procedures are included here.: • • • • Trace Alignment - used for 8560 E-Series instruments only Reference Level Calibration GPIB Address Selection Plotting And Printing Directly Trace Alignment (8560 E-series) 1. Press PRESET CAL, MORE 1 OF 2, CRT ADJ PATTERN. 2. Adjust the rear-panel TRACE ALIGN until the leftmost line of the test pattern is parallel with the CRT bezel. See Figure 9-3 on page 675. 3.
If You Have a Problem Procedures Reference Level Calibration 1. Press PRESET. 2. Connect a 50Ω coaxial cable (such as Agilent 10503A) between the front-panel CAL OUTPUT and INPUT 50Ω connectors. 3. Set the analyzer center frequency to 300 MHz by pressing FREQUENCY 300 MHz. 4. Set the analyzer span to 20 MHz by pressing SPAN 20 MHz. 5. Press PEAK SEARCH. 6. Set the analyzer reference level to −10 dBm by pressing AMPLITUDE 10 −dBm. 7. Press CAL, REF LVL ADJ. 8.
If You Have a Problem Procedures Plotting and Printing Directly 1. The printer or plotter must be connected to the spectrum analyzer GPIB bus. 2. No other controller can be on the bus when doing direct plotter or printer dumps. 3. The printer or plotter cannot be set to a listen only mode, it must be addressable. 4. Printing is selected by pressing CONFIG and COPY DEV PRNT PLT so that PRNT is underlined. Plotting is selected by pressing the key so that PLT is underlined. 5.
If You Have a Problem Servicing the Spectrum Analyzer Yourself Servicing the Spectrum Analyzer Yourself If you want to service the spectrum analyzer yourself after warranty expiration, a service guide and component-level information is available. Full performance tests are included in the calibration guide to identify problems and verify the repair. Contact your Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office to obtain the most current test and maintenance information.
If You Have a Problem Calling Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices Calling Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices Agilent Technologies has sales and service offices around the world to provide complete support for your spectrum analyzer. To obtain servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office listed in Table 9-3 on page 683.
If You Have a Problem Returning Your Spectrum Analyzer for Service Returning Your Spectrum Analyzer for Service If you are returning the analyzer to Agilent Technologies for servicing, fill in and attach a blue service tag. Several service tags are supplied at the rear of this chapter. Please be as specific as possible about the nature of the problem.
If You Have a Problem Returning Your Spectrum Analyzer for Service Figure 9-4 Shipping Container and Cushioning Materials Item Description Part Number 1 9211-6969 Outer Carton 2 9220-5073 Pads (2) 3 9220-5072 Top Tray Chapter 9 681
If You Have a Problem Returning Your Spectrum Analyzer for Service Other Packaging CAUTION Spectrum Analyzer damage can result from using packaging materials other than those specified. Never use styrene pellets in any shape as packaging materials. They do not adequately cushion the equipment or prevent it from shifting in the carton. They cause equipment damage by generating static electricity and by lodging in the analyzer fan.
If You Have a Problem Returning Your Spectrum Analyzer for Service Table 9-3 Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices UNITED STATES Instrument Support Center Agilent Technologies (800) 403-0801 EUROPEAN FIELD OPERATIONS France Agilent Technologies France 1 Avenue Du Canada Zone D’Activite De Courtaboeuf F-91947 Les Ulis Cedex France (33 1) 69 82 60 60 Headquarters Agilent Technologies S.A. 150, Route du Nant-d’Avril 1217 Meyrin 2/ Geneva Switzerland (41 22) 780.
If You Have a Problem Serial Numbers Serial Numbers Agilent Technologies makes frequent improvements to its products to enhance their performance, usability, or reliability. Agilent Technologies service personnel have access to complete records of design changes to each type of equipment, based on the equipment serial number.
If You Have a Problem Electrostatic Discharge Electrostatic Discharge Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components. Therefore, all work performed on assemblies consisting of electronic components should be done at a static-free work station. Figure 9-6 is an example of a static-safe work station using two kinds of ESD protection: • conductive table mat and wrist-strap combination • conductive floor mat and heel-strap combination These methods may be used together or separately.
If You Have a Problem Electrostatic Discharge Reducing Potential for ESD Damage The suggestions that follow may help reduce ESD damage that occurs during instrument testing and servicing. • Before connecting any coaxial cable to an analyzer connector for the first time each day, momentarily ground the center and outer connectors of the cable. • Personnel should be grounded with a resistor-isolated wrist strap before touching the center in of any connector and before removing any assembly from the unit.
If You Have a Problem Electrostatic Discharge Table 9-4 Static-Safe Accessories Accessory Description Part Number Static-control mat and ground wire Set includes: 9300-0797 3M static-control mat, 0.6 m × 1.2 m (2 ft × 4 ft) ground wire, 4.6 m (15 ft) (The wrist strap and wrist-strap cord are not included. They must be ordered separately.) Wrist-strap cord 1.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages Error Messages Error messages are displayed in the lower right-hand corner of the analyzer display. These error codes are provided for service personnel who troubleshoot the spectrum analyzer. However, they also alert the user to errors in spectrum analyzer function or use.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages Eliminating Error Messages It might be possible to eliminate some error messages by running the LO and IF realignment procedure below, or by running the procedures described in "Hardware Problems". If an error message remains displayed, the following actions are suggested: Error Action 100 to 199 Programming error detected. Refer to chapters 3 and 7 in the user's guide for information on programming the spectrum analyzer.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages Error Code Listing Error codes and their associated messages are listed in numeric order below. Error codes 100 to 199 relate to incorrect spectrum analyzer programming ERR 100 NO PWRON Power-on state is invalid; default state is loaded. ERR 101 NO STATE State to be RECALLed not valid or not SAVEd. ERR 102 # ARGMTS Command does not have enough arguments. ERR 103 # ARGMTS Command does not have enough arguments.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 124 NOP IBLK I-block format not valid here. ERR 125 NOP STRNG Strings are not valid for this command. ERR 126 NO ? This command cannot be queried. ERR 127 BAD DTMD Not a valid peak detector mode. ERR 128 PK WHAT? Not a valid peak search parameter. ERR 129 PRE TERM Premature A-block termination. ERR 130 BAD TDF Arguments are only for TDF command. ERR 131 ?? AM/FM AM/FM are not valid arguments for this command.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages Error codes 200 through 299 relate to ADC hardware/firmware failures. Instrument service is required. ERR 200 SYSTEM ADC Driver/ADC hardware/firmware interaction; check for other errors. ERR 201 SYSTEM ADC Controller/ADC hardware/firmware interaction; check for other errors. ERR 202 FADC CAL Linear offset search failed.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages Error codes 300 through 399 relate to LO and RF hardware/firmware failures. Instrument service is required. ERR 300 YTO UNLK YTO (1ST LO) phase-locked loop (PLL) is unlocked. ERR 301 YTO UNLK YTO PLL is unlocked. ERR 302 OFF UNLK Offset roller oscillator PLL is unlocked. ERR 303 XFR UNLK Transfer roller oscillator PLL is unlocked. ERR 304 ROL UNLK Main roller oscillator PLL is unlocked. ERR 305 FREQ ACC Coarse adjust DAC cannot bring MAINSENSE close to zero.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 321 FREQ ACC Main roller tuning sensitivity is not greater than zero. ERR 322 FREQ ACC Main roller pretune DAC value set greater than 255. ERR 324 FREQ ACC Coarse adjust DAC cannot bring MAINSENSE close to zero. ERR 325 FREQ ACC Fine adjust DAC cannot bring MAINSENSE close to zero. ERR 326 FREQ ACC Fine adjust DAC near the end of range. ERR 327 OFF UNLK Offset roller oscillator PLL is unlocked.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 356 SPAC CAL Sweep data problem finding "bucket 1" of the span accuracy calibration sweep. ERR 357 SPAC CAL Cannot find the "x" intersection for "bucket 1" of the span accuracy calibration sweep. ERR 358 SPAC CAL Cannot find "bucket 2" of the span accuracy calibration sweep. ERR 359 SPAC CAL Cannot find the "x" intersection for "bucket 2" of the span accuracy calibration sweep. ERR 360 SPAC CAL The start bucket correction is out of range.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 411 RBW 10K Unable to adjust 10 kHz RES BW pole 3. ERR 412 RBW 10K Unable to adjust 10 kHz RES BW pole 4. ERR 413 RBW 10K Unable to adjust 10 kHz RES BW pole 1. ERR 414 RBW 10K Unable to adjust 10 kHz RES BW pole 2. ERR 415 RBW 10K Unable to adjust 10 kHz RES BW pole 3. ERR 416 RBW 10K Unable to adjust 10 kHz RES BW pole 4. ERR 417 RBW 3K Unable to adjust 3 kHz RES BW pole 1. ERR 418 RBW 3K Unable to adjust 3 kHz RES BW pole 2.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 443 RBW 3K Unable to adjust 3 kHz RES BW pole 2. ERR 444 RBW 3K Unable to adjust 3 kHz RES BW pole 3. ERR 445 RBW 3K Unable to adjust 3 kHz RES BW pole 4. ERR 446 RBW 10K Unable to adjust 10 kHz RES BW pole 1. ERR 447 RBW 10K Unable to adjust 10 kHz RES BW pole 2. ERR 448 RBW 10K Unable to adjust 10 kHz RES BW pole 3. ERR 449 RBW 10K Unable to adjust 10 kHz RES BW pole 4. ERR 450 IF SYSTM IF hardware failure. Check other error messages.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 474 RBW 1M Unable to adjust 1 MHz RES BW. ERR 475 RBW 30K Unable to adjust 30 kHz RES BW. ERR 476 RBW 100K Unable to adjust 100 kHz RES BW. ERR 477 RBW 300K Unable to adjust 300 kHz RES BW. ERR 478 RBW 1M Unable to adjust 1 MHz RES BW. ERR 483 RBW 10K Unable to adjust 10 kHz RES BW. ERR 484 RBW 3K Unable to adjust 3 kHz RES BW. ERR 485 RBW 1K Unable to adjust 1 kHz RES BW. ERR 486 RBW 300 Unable to adjust 300 Hz RES BW.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 507 AMPL 1M Unable to adjust amplitude of 1 MHz RES BW. ERR 508 AMPL 30K Insufficient gain during LC BW Cal of 30 kHz RES BW. ERR 509 AMPL .1M Insufficient gain during LC BW Cal of 100 kHz RES BW. ERR 510 AMPL .3M Insufficient gain during LC BW Cal of 300 kHz RES BW. ERR 511 AMPL 1M Insufficient gain during LC BW Cal of 1 MHz RES BW. ERR 512 RBW <300 Insufficient gain during crystal BW Cal of less than 300 Hz RES BW.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 528 RBW <300 Unable to adjust less than 300 Hz RES BWs. DC level at ADC cannot be calibrated. ERR 529 RBW <300 Unable to adjust less than 300 Hz RES BWs. Demod data for calibration is bad. ERR 530 RBW <300 Unable to adjust less than 300 Hz RES BWs. Narrow BW VCXO Calibration failed. ERR 531 RBW <300 Flatness correction data not acceptable for less than 300 Hz RES BWs. ERR 532 RBW <300 Absolute gain data for less than 300 Hz RES BWs not acceptable.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 558 LOG AMPL Unable to adjust amplitude in log scale. ERR 559 LOG AMPL Unable to adjust amplitude in log scale. ERR 560 LOG AMPL Unable to adjust amplitude in log scale. ERR 561 LOG AMPL Unable to adjust amplitude in log scale. ERR 562 LOG AMPL Unable to adjust amplitude in log scale. ERR 563 LOG AMPL Unable to adjust amplitude in log scale. Third Step Gain range problem. ERR 564 LOG AMPL Unable to adjust amplitude in log scale.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 585 RBW 300K Unable to adjust 300 kHz RES BW. ERR 586 RBW 1M Unable to adjust 1 MHz RES BW. ERR 587 RBW 30K Unable to adjust 30 kHz RES BW. ERR 588 RBW 100K Unable to adjust 100 kHz RES BW. ERR 589 RBW 300K Unable to adjust 300 kHz RES BW. ERR 590 RBW 1M Unable to adjust 1 MHz RES BW. ERR 591 LOG AMPL Unable to adjust amplitude in log scale. ERR 592 LOG AMPL Unable to adjust amplitude in log scale.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages Error codes 700 through 799 relate to digital and checksum failures. Instrument service is required. ERR 700 EEROM Checksum error of EEROM A2U501. ERR 701 AMPL CAL Checksum error of frequency response correction data. ERR 702 ELAP TIM Checksum error of elapsed time data. ERR 703 AMPL CAL Checksum error of frequency response correction data.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 751 SYSTEM Hardware/firmware interaction, floating overflow; check other errors. ERR 752 SYSTEM Hardware/firmware interaction, floating underflow; check other errors. ERR 753 SYSTEM Hardware/firmware interaction, LOG error; check other errors. ERR 754 SYSTEM Hardware/firmware interaction, Integer overflow; check other errors. ERR 755 SYSTEM Hardware/firmware interaction, squareroot error; check other errors.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 902 BAD NORM A normalization error will occur if the current spectrum analyzer state is not the same as the state stored by the last execution of the STORETHRU or STORESHORT command. This will happen when several open/short or thru calibrations are performed. The NORMLIZE function recalls the last calibration run.
If You Have a Problem Error Messages ERR 920 RBW>CHBW The resolution bandwidth is too wide, compared to the channel bandwidth, to obtain a valid channel power bandwidth measurement. The resolution bandwidth should be much less than the channel bandwidth (<0.1×channel BW).
Index Symbols # ALT CHANNELS softkey, 204 OCCUPIED, 257 % occupied power, 257 .
Index analyzer status byte, 333 ANNOT command, 422 ANNOT HELP softkey, 217 ANNOT ON OFF softkey, 218 annotation on/off, 422 annotation plots, 259 APB command, 423 ARRAYDEF command, 365 asterisk on display, 39 AT command, 424 ATTEN AUTO MAN softkey, 218 attenuation, 424 AUNITS command, 304, 426 AUTO ACP MEASURE softkey, 111 AUTO COUPLE key, 218 auto-coupled functions, 428 AUTOCPL command, 428 AUTOEXEC command, 365 AUTOFUNC command, 365 automatic gain control, 214, 449 AUTOSAVE command, 365 AUX CTRL key, 219
Index CRT adjustment alignment, 227 TRACE ALIGN, 43 X POSN, 43 Y POSN, 43 CRT alignment, 408 CTRLA command, 365 CTRLB command, 365 CTRLC command, 365 CTRLD command, 365 CTRLHPIB command, 365 CTRLI command, 365 D data byte, 372 data byte EOI, 372 data entry, 36 data invalid indicator, 39 data keys, 36 data transfer, 303 DATECODE OPTIONS softkey, 229 DATEMODE command, 365 dBm softkey, 230 dBmV softkey, 231 dBV softkey, 231 dc blocking capacitor, 662 dc coupling, 227 delay of gate, 241 delay sweep, 457 gated
Index F FA command, 464 FACTORY PRSEL PK softkey, 237 fast Fourier transform, 237, 472 fault isolation routine, 669 FAV output, 43 FB command, 466 FDIAG command, 468 FDSP command, 470 FFT command, 472 FFT MEAS softkey, 237 fine tracking adjust, 602 firmware date code, 229, 579 first LO output, 38 flatness, 219, 224 flatness points, 225 FM DEMOD ON OFF softkey, 83, 238 FM modulation, 62 FM signal with AM, 66 FOCUS softkey, 238 FOFFSET command, 475 FORMAT command, 365 format TDF A, 311 format TDF B, 309 form
Index input connectors alternate sweep output, 43 external leveling, 43 external trigger and gated video, 42 IF, 38 RF, 38 input coupling, 444 input mixer, 541 input mixer level, 249 instrument calibration, 35 instrument errors, 460 instrument identification, 492 instrument options, 229 instrument preset, 495 state, 264 instrument state functions, 36 INT command, 366 integer number range, 372 INTENSTY softkey, 243 intermodulation distortion, 75 internal frequency reference, 206 INTERNAL MIXER softkey, 243
Index MEAN command, 366 MEANPWR command, 503 MEAS command, 505 MEAS/USER key, 249 measure adjacent channel power, 392 measurement techniques, 50 measurement units, 304 measurement units format, 308 measurements adjacent channel power measurement, 108 AM and FM demodulation, 81 ampcor, 56, 59 external millimeter mixers, 98, 107 harmonic distortion, 67, 74 modulation, 60, 66 power measurement, 125, 128 pulsed RF, 158, 163 resolving closely spaced signals, 51, 55 stimulus-response, 84–?? stimulus-response<$en
Index peak excursion, 532 PEAK EXCURSN softkey, 70, 257 peak method, 121 PEAK METHOD softkey, 258 peak pulse power, 163 peak response routine, 284 peak search, 528 PEAK SEARCH softkey, 82, 258 PEAK THRESHLD softkey, 259 PEAKS command, 367 percent occupied power bandwidth, 257 percent of harmonic distortion, 74 phase noise measurement, 662 PHS measurements, 121 PLOT ANNOT softkey, 259 PLOT command, 554 PLOT GRATICUL softkey, 259 PLOT ORG DSP GRAT softkey, 71, 259 plot source, 558 PLOT TRACE A softkey, 260 P
Index recommended path, 371 REF LVL ADJ softkey, 272 REF LVL OFFSET softkey, 273 REF LVL softkey, 92, 93, 272 reference frequency, 477 reference level, 40, 535, 580 amplitude, 34 function, 272 indicator, 40 reference level calibration, 35, 272, 583, 676 RELHPIB command, 367 remote commands CLEAR statements, 297, 298 ENTER statements, 293 OUTPUT statements, 293 query, 294 syntax requirements, 295 remote control, 296 remote setup procedure, 291 repair information, 678 REPEAT UNTIL command, 367 repeating synt
Index SQUELCH ON OFF softkey, 279 SRC PWR OFFSET softkey, 280 SRC PWR ON OFF softkey, 86, 280 SRC PWR STP SIZE softkey, 280 SRCALC command, 599 SRCCRSTK command, 600 SRCFINTK command, 602 SRCPOFS command, 604 SRCPSTP command, 606 SRCPSWP command, 608 SRCPWR command, 610 SRCTKPK command, 612 SRQ command, 613 SS command, 614 ST command, 616 START FREQ softkey, 82, 280 start frequency, 39, 464 state registers, 275, 276 STATE softkeys, 281 static protection, 685 static-safe accessories, 686 status byte, 587 qu
Index parameter, 306 TRACE key, 283 trace math A + B, 423 A B, 412 A B + DL, 414 A+BA, 206 A-B+DLA, 206 A-BA, 206 B DL, 431 B-DLB, 220 functions, 319 rules, 319 trace modes, 440, 543, 651 trace power bandwidth, 567 trace registers, 271, 272, 275, 276, 283 TRACE softkeys, 283 trace window, 643 tracking adjust coarse, 600 fine, 602 tracking generator, 659 frequency adjustment, 246 internal/external leveling, 214 output power, 280 peak response, 284 power sweep, 267 power sweep range, 280 source power level s
