The 34420A is a 71/2 digit, high performance nanovolt, micro-ohm meter. Its combination of bench-top and system features makes this meter a versatile solution for your testing requirements now and in the future.
The Front-Panel at a Glance 1 2 3 4 2 Input channel select Measurement function keys Math operation keys Filter select key 5 6 7 8 Menu operation keys Range/number of digits displayed keys Single trigger/autotrigger/auto hold key Shift / local key
The Front-Panel Menu at a Glance The menu is organized in a top-down tree structure with three levels.
Display Annunciators *Adrs Rmt Man Trig OC Off Null Stats Scale ERROR Shift Ch1 Ch2 Ch1 - Ch2 Ch1 / Ch2 Turns on during a measurement. Meter is addressed to listen or talk over the HP-IB interface. Meter is in remote mode (using remote interface). Meter is using manual ranging (autorange is disabled). Meter is waiting for a single trigger or external trigger. Offset compensation is turned off. A null value is being used. Math statistics operations are being used. Math scaling operations are being used.
The Rear Panel at a Glance 1 2 3 4 Chassis ground Power-line fuse-holder assembly Power-line voltage setting Chart recorder output terminal (Analog out) 5 6 7 8 Voltmeter complete output terminal External trigger input terminal GPIB (IEEE-488) interface connector RS-232 interface connector Use the front-panel Input / Output Menu to: • Select the GPIB or RS-232 interface • Set the GPIB bus address • Set the RS-232 baud rate and parity 5
In This Book Quick Start Chapter 1 prepares the meter for use and helps you get familiar with a few of its front-panel features. Front-Panel Operation Chapter 2 introduces you to the front-panel menu and describes some of the meter’s menu features. Features and Functions Chapter 3 gives a detailed description of the meter’s capabilities and operation. You will find this chapter useful whether you are operating the meter from the front panel or from a remote interface.
Contents Chapter 1 Quick Start To Prepare the Meter For Use 13 If the Meter Does Not Turn On 14 To Adjust the Carrying Handle 16 To Make Input Connections 17 To Measure Voltage 19 To Measure Resistance 20 To Measure Temperature With Thermistors 21 To Measure Temperature With RTDs 21 To Measure Temperature With Thermocouples 22 To Select a Range 23 To Set the Number of Digits 24 To Set the Integration Time 25 Front-Panel Display Formats 26 To Rack Mount the Meter 27 Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation Front-Pane
Contents Chapter 3 Features and Functions (continued) Math Operations 74 Null (Relative) Operation 77 Reading Hold 79 Triggering 80 Trigger Source Choices 82 The Wait-for-Trigger State 85 Halting a Measurement in Progress 85 Number of Samples 86 Number of Triggers 86 Trigger Delay 87 Automatic Trigger Delays 89 System-Related Operations 90 Reading Memory 90 Error Conditions 92 Self-Test 93 Display Control 94 Comma Separators 95 Firmware Revision Query 95 SCPI Language Version 96 Voltmeter Complete Terminal
Contents Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference (continued) Null (Relative) Commands 145 Input Filter Commands 146 Math Operation Commands 148 Statistics operation commands (AVERage) 149 Scale operation commands 150 Triggering 151 The Wait-for-Trigger State 153 Triggering Commands 154 Chart Output (Analog Out) Commands 156 System-Related Commands 157 The SCPI Status Model 159 What is an Event Register? 159 What is an Enable Register? 159 What is a Condition Register? 159 SCPI Status System 160 The Status Byt
Contents Chapter 5 Error Messages Execution Errors 201 Self-Test Errors 208 Calibration Errors 210 Chapter 6 ApplicationPrograms HP BASIC Language Programs 215 GPIB Program Example 1 215 HP BASIC / HP-IB GPIB Program Example 2 216 HP BASIC / HP-IB HP BASIC / HP-IB GPIB Program Example 3 218 GPIB Program Example 4 221 HP BASIC / HP-IB RS-232 Operations with QuickBASIC 223 Microsoft® Visual Basic Language Program 224 C Language Programs 231 Compiling and Linking a C Program 231 C / HP-IB GPIB Example 1 233 C
1 Quick Start
Quick Start This chapter helps you prepare the meter for use and contains exercises designed to get you started with the meter, its menus, and the front panel. The front panel has two rows of keys to select various functions and operations. Most keys have a shifted function printed in blue above the key. To perform a shifted function, press Shift (the Shift display annunciator will turn on). Then, press the key that has the desired label above it.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Prepare the Meter For Use 1 To Prepare the Meter For Use The following steps help you verify that the meter is ready for use. 1 Check the list of supplied items. Verify that you have received the following items with your meter. If any item is missing, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales Office. Agilent Technologies Sales Office. One low thermal input cable. One low thermal four-wire shorting plug. One power cord. This User’s Guide. One Service Guide.
Chapter 1 Quick Start If the Meter Does Not Turn On If the Meter Does Not Turn On Use the following steps to help solve problems you might experience when turning on the meter. If you need more help, see the Service Guide Agilent for service. for instructions on returning the meter to Hewlett-Packard for service. 1 Verify there is ac power to the meter. First verify that the meter’s power switch is in the "On" position.
Chapter 1 Quick Start If the Meter Does Not Turn On 1 Remove the power cord. Remove the fuse holder assembly from the rear 1 2 Install the fuse. Remove the line-voltage selector from the assembly. 250 mAT fuse (250V) 3 Rotate the line-voltage selector until the correct voltage appears in the window. 4 Replace the fuse-holder assembly in the rear panel. 100, 120, 220 (230), or 240 Vac Install the correct fuse and verify that the correct line voltage appears in the window.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Adjust the Carrying Handle To Adjust the Carrying Handle To adjust the position, grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward. Then, rotate the handle to the desired position.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Make Input Connections 1 To Make Input Connections Using the Cable Provided Align the front panel connector and cable conductors, press in. Tighten coupling nut. RED Torque to 20 in-lb maximum CH1 HI BLACK LO HI CH2 GREEN WHITE LO The connector and cable are an integral part of the measurement system. For the highest accuracy, use the copper cable and connectors supplied Agilent Technologies. by Hewlett-Packard.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Make Input Connections Using a Custom Cable Channel 1 DCV 4-WireΩ 2-WireΩ Thermistor HI LO + Source + Source and Sense + Source and Sense + – Source – Source and Sense – Source and Sense – Earth Ground (shell) Channel 2 DCV 4-WireΩ Thermocouple HI LO + Sense + + – Sense – – Refer to page 272 for additional information about building custom input cables.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Measure Voltage 1 To Measure Voltage Channel 1 Ranges: 1 mV, 10 mV, 100 mV, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V Maximum resolution: 0.1 nV (on 1 mV range) Channel 2 Ranges: 1 mV, 10 mV, 100 mV, 1 V, 10 V Maximum resolution: 0.1 nV (on 1 mV range) Independent NULL for each channel Channel 1 LO to Channel 2 LO isolated to 150 Vpeak.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Measure Resistance To Measure Resistance Ranges: 1 Ω , 10 Ω , 100 Ω , 1 kΩ , 10 kΩ , 100 kΩ , 1 MΩ Maximum resolution: 0.1 µ Ω (on 1 ohm range) See also Resistance Measurements on page 68. RED (SOURCE) CH1 GREEN CH2 (SENSE) OR 4-WIRE WHITED 4-WIRE BLACK RED 2-WIRE SOURCE BLACK GREEN NOT CONNECTED WHITE Resistance measurements use offset compensation. Offset compensation can be disabled if desired (see page 69).
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Measure Temperature With Thermistors 1 To Measure Temperature With Thermistors Thermistor type: 5 kΩ RED CH1 BLACK GREEN OPEN WHITE To Measure Temperature With RTDs 4-wire, type: α = .00385 (DIN/IEC 751) or α = .00391 R0 = 4.9 Ω to 2.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Measure Temperature With Thermocouples To Measure Temperature With Thermocouples Thermocouple types: B, E, J, K, N, R, S, T Reference: external thermistor, external fixed value, or internal thermistor. Channel 2 only.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Select a Range 1 To Select a Range You can let the meter automatically select the range using autoranging or you can select a fixed range using manual ranging. Toggles between autoranging and manual ranging Selects a higher range and disables autoranging Selects a lower range and disables autoranging Man annunciator is on when manual range is enables • Autoranging is selected at power-on and after a remote interface reset.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the Number of Digits To Set the Number of Digits You can set the display to show 41⁄2 , 51⁄2 , 61⁄2 , or 71⁄2 digits. In this book, the most significant digit (leftmost on the display) is referred to as the “1⁄2” digit, since it can only be a “0” or “1”. The number of digits displayed also depends upon the integration time set, see page 25.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the Integration Time 1 To Set the Integration Time Integration time is specified in Number of Power Line Cycles (NPLC). You can set the NPLC to 0.02, 0.2, 1, 2, 10, 20, 100, or 200. • You can set the integration time to one of three fixed values by choosing the number of digits displayed, see page 24. • You can set the integration time in the MEASure menu using the INTEGRATE command.
Chapter 1 Quick Start Front-Panel Display Formats Front-Panel Display Formats -H.DDD,DDD,D EFF Front-panel display format. H D E F Negative sign or blank (positive) "1/2" digit (0 or 1) Numeric Digits Exponent (m,k,M) Measurement units 6 digits V This is the 1 V range, 61⁄2 digits are displayed. mV This is the 100 mV range, 51⁄2 digits are displayed. 1.021,651 "1/2" digit 5 digits -045.230 "1/2" digit 7 digits 0.133,256,7 Ω This is the 1 ohm range, 71⁄2 digits are displayed. "1/2" digit O.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Rack Mount the Meter 1 To Rack Mount the Meter You can mount the meter in a standard 19-inch rack cabinet using one of three optional kits available. Instructions and mounting hardware are included with each rack-mounting kit. Any System II instrument of the same size can be rack-mounted beside the 34420A meter. Remove the carrying handle, and the front and rear rubber bumpers, before rack-mounting the meter.
Chapter 1 Quick Start To Rack Mount the Meter To rack mount a single instrument, order adapter kit 5063-9240. To rack mount two instruments side-by-side, order lock-link kit 5061-9694 and flange kit 5063-9212. To install one or two instruments in a sliding support shelf, order shelf 5063-9255, and slide kit 1494-0015 (for a single instrument, also order filler panel 5002-3999).
2 Front-Panel Operation
Front-Panel Operation This chapter assumes you are familiar with the meter and menu operations. You should also understand how to make connections for the various types of measurements. If you are not familiar with this information, please read chapter 1, "Quick Start", starting on page 11. This chapter does not give a detailed description of every front-panel key or menu operation. It does, however, give you a good overview of the front-panel menu and the most common front-panel operations.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation Front-Panel Menu Reference Front-Panel Menu Reference A: MEASurement MENU 1: DIG FILTER Ø 2: INTEGRATE Ø 3: OCOMP Ω Ø 4: LOW POWER Ω Ø 5: LOW VOLT Ω Ø 6: LoV LIMIT Ω 1: DIG FILTER 2: INTEGRATE 3: OCOMP Ω 4: LOW POWER Ω 5: LOW VOLT Ω 6: LoV LIMIT Ω Selects the digital filter speed. Can be set to FAST, MEDIUM, or SLOW. Sets the measurement integration time. Enables or disables offset compensation for resistance measurements. Enables or disables low power ohms measurements.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation Front-Panel Menu Reference E: SYStem MENU 1: RDGS STOREØ2: SAVED RDGS Ø3: ERRORØ4: TESTØ5: CHART OUT Ø6: CHART SPANØ 7: CHART NULLØ8: DISPLAYØ9: COMMAØ10: PRESETØ11: REVISION 1: RDGS STORE 2: SAVED RDGS 3: ERROR 4: TEST 5: CHART OUT 6: CHART SPAN 7: CHART NULL 8: DISPLAY 9: COMMA 10: PRESET 11: REVISION Enables or disables reading memory. Recalls readings stored in memory (up to 1024 readings). Retrieves errors from the error queue (up to 20 errors).
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation A Front-Panel Menu Tutorial A Front-Panel Menu Tutorial This section is a step-by-step tutorial which shows how to use the front-panel menu. We recommend that you spend a few minutes with this tutorial to get comfortable with the structure and operation of the menu. The menu is organized in a top-down tree structure with three levels (menus, commands, and parameters). You move down ∨ or up ∧ the menu tree to get from one level to the next.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation A Front-Panel Menu Tutorial Messages Displayed During Menu Use TOP OF MENU -You pressed ∧ while on the menus level; this is the top level of the menu and you cannot go any higher. To turn off the menu, press Shift < (Menu On/Off). To move across the choices on a level, press < or > . To move down a level, press ∨ . MENUS - You are on the menus level. Press < or > view the choices. COMMANDS - You are on the commands level.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation A Front-Panel Menu Tutorial The following steps show you how to turn on the menu, move up or down between levels, move across the choices on each level, and turn off the menu. In this example, you will turn off the display comma separator. Menu Example 1 The meter can display readings on the front panel with or without a comma separator. The following steps show how to disable the comma. - 0.824,153 V With comma separator (factory setting) - 0.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation A Front-Panel Menu Tutorial > > > > > > > > 4 Move across to the COMMA command on the commands level. There are eleven command choices available in the SYS MENU. Each choice on this level has a number prefix for easy identification (1: , 2: , etc.). 9: COMMA ∨ 5 Move down a level to the COMMA parameter choices. The first parameter choice is ON for the COMMA command (the comma setting is stored in non-volatile memory and ON is the factory setting).
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation A Front-Panel Menu Tutorial The following exercise demonstrates how to use the menu recall feature as a shortcut to set the COMMA command back to its original setting. You must perform the steps in Menu Example 1 before you start this example. Menu Example 2 Recall Shift > 1 Use menu recall to return to the COMMA command. 2 This returns you to the COMMA command, which was the last command used before you exited the menu in the Example 1.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation A Front-Panel Menu Tutorial Some commands in the menu require that you enter a numeric parameter value. The following steps show you how to enter a number in the menu. For this example, you will set the null value for channel 1 to –30 millivolts. Menu Example 3 Make sure the meter has channel 1 selected, is in the dc voltage function, and has 61⁄2 digits displayed. Connect the four-wire short to the meter input. On/Off Shift < 1 Turn on the menu.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation A Front-Panel Menu Tutorial v 5 Move down to edit the NULL VALUE parameter. The null value should be 0.000000 V when you come to this point in the menu for the first time. For this example, you will first set the null value to –0.300000 volts. Ù0.000,000,0 2 V When you see the flashing “∧” on the left side of the display, you can abort the edit and return to the “commands” level by pressing ∧ . v v 6 Make the number negative.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation A Front-Panel Menu Tutorial > > > > > > > 9 Move the flashing cursor over to the units location. Notice that the units are flashing on the right side of the display. – 0.300,000,0 v V 10 Decrease the displayed number by a factor of 10. Notice that the position of the decimal point changes and the displayed number increases by a factor of 10 and the mV annunciator is on. – 030.000,00 mV Auto/Man ENTER 11 Save the change and turn off the menu.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Select an Input Channel To Select an Input Channel For voltage measurements, you have two independent input channels. RED 2 DC Voltage Channel 1 BLACK GREEN DC Voltage Channel 2 WHITE TOGGLES MEASUREMENT CHANNEL (SCAN) ALTERNATING MEASUREMENT CHANNELS • Pressing Channel toggles the display between Channel 1 and Channel 2. • Pressing Shift Channel (Scan) creates an alternating Channel 1 and Channel 2 display. Press Channel again to cancel.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Select a Range To Select a Range You can let the meter automatically select the range using autoranging or you can select a fixed range using manual ranging. Toggles between autoranging and manual ranging Selects a higher range and disables autoranging Selects a lower range and disables autoranging Man annunciator is on when manual range is enables • Autoranging is selected at power-on and after a remote interface reset.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Set or Change the Number of Digits To Set or Change the Number of Digits You can set the display to show 41⁄2 , 51⁄2 , 61⁄2 , or 71⁄2 digits. In this book, the most significant digit (leftmost on the display) is referred to as the “1⁄2” digit, since it can only be a “0” or “1”. The number of digits displayed also depends upon the integration time set, see page 25.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Set the Integration Time To Set the Integration Time Integration time is specified in Number of Power Line Cycles (NPLC). You can set the NPLC to 0.02, 0.2, 1, 2, 10, 20, 100, or 200. Also see "Integration Time" on page 58. • You can set the integration time to one of three fixed values by choosing the number of digits displayed, see page 43. • You can set the integration time in the MEASure menu using the INTEGRATE command.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Make Null (Relative) Measurements To Make Null (Relative) Measurements Each null measurement, also called relative, is the difference between a stored null value and the input signal. See page 77. 2 Enables null operation; Press again to disable Null annunciator is on when null operation is enabled Reading = measurement – null value • You can make null measurements on any function or channel. You can set a null for each channel and function independently.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Store Minimum and Maximum Readings (Stats) To Store Minimum and Maximum Readings (Stats) You can store the minimum and maximum readings during a series of measurements. The following discussion shows how to read the minimum, maximum, average, peak-to-peak, standard deviation, and reading count. Enables stats operation; Press again to disable Stats annunciator is on when stats operation is enabled • You can use stats with any function.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Trigger the Meter To Trigger the Meter You can trigger the meter from the front panel using single trigger or autotrigger. 2 Toggles between autotrigger and reading hold Enables single trigger and triggers the meter Trig annunciator is on when the meter is waiting for single trigger (autotrigger disabled) * (sample) annunciator is on during each measurement • Autotriggering is enabled when you turn on the meter.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Use Reading Hold To Use Reading Hold The reading hold feature allows you to capture and hold a stable reading on the display. When a stable reading is detected, the meter emits a beep and holds the value on the display. Toggles between autotrigger and reading hold * (sample) annunciator is on during each measurement • Reading hold has an adjustable sensitivity band to allow you to select which readings are considered stable enough to be displayed.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Make Voltage Ratio and Difference Measurements To Make Voltage Ratio and Difference Measurements To calculate a voltage ratio, the meter measures the voltages applied to the Channel 1 input terminals and Channel 2 input terminals.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Use Reading Memory To Use Reading Memory The meter can store up to 1024 readings in internal memory. The following steps demonstrate how to store readings and retrieve them. 1 Select the function. Select any measurement function. You can change the function at any time during reading memory. Single 2 Select the single trigger mode. Notice that the Trig annunciator turns on. When reading memory is enabled, readings are stored when you trigger the meter.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Use Reading Memory v > 6 Move down a level and then across to the “ON” choice. ON Auto/Man 7 ENTER 2 Save the change and exit the menu. Notice that the Mem (memory) annunciator turns on to indicate that the meter is ready to store readings. Up to 1024 readings can be stored in first-in-first-out (FIFO) order. When memory is full, the Mem annunciator will turn off.
Chapter 2 Front-Panel Operation To Use Reading Memory v 10 Move down a level to view the first stored reading. Reading memory is automatically turned off when you go to the “parameter” level in the menu. The first reading displayed is the first reading that was stored (FIFO). If no readings are stored in memory, “EMPTY” is displayed. The first five digits of the reading and the reading number are displayed. After a brief pause, the reading number is removed and all reading digits are shown.
3 Features and Functions
Features and Functions You will find that this chapter makes it easy to look up all the details about a particular feature of the meter. Whether you are operating the meter from the front panel or from the remote interface, this chapter will be useful.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions General Measurement Configuration General Measurement Configuration This section contains information to help you configure the meter for making measurements. You may never have to change any of the measurement parameters discussed here, yet they are provided to give you the flexibility you might need. Input Filters Two input filters are available; a digital filter and an analog filter. You can enable the digital filter, the analog filter, or both.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions General Measurement Configuration • Front Panel operation: Press Shift Filter and scroll to one of DIGITAL, ANALOG, or ANA + DIG . Press Enter to enable the filter type. Press the Filter key to turn the filter on or off. To set the digital filter averaging, use the MEASurement menu 1: DIG FILTER command.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions General Measurement Configuration Digital Filter • The digital filter is a moving average (boxcar) filter. Equal weighting is applied to all readings to calculate the displayed reading. • Three digital filters are available: SLOW (average last 100 readings), MEDIUM (average last 50 readings), or FAST (average last 10 readings) • When the digital filter is enabled, the ‘Filt’ annunciator flashes until the required number of readings are obtained.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions General Measurement Configuration Integration Time Integration time is the period during which the meter’s analog-to-digital (A/D) converter samples the input signal for a measurement. Integration time affects the measurement resolution (for better resolution, use a longer integration time), and measurement speed (for faster measurements, use a shorter integration time). • Integration time is specified in number of power line cycles (NPLCs). The choices are 0.02, 0.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions General Measurement Configuration • Front Panel operation: Integration time can be set indirectly when you select the number of digits (See page 43). You can also set the integration time in the MEASurement menu with the 2: INTEGRATE command. • Remote operation: Refer to the table on page 129. Use one of the following commands: [SENSe:] VOLT:DC:NPLC {0.02|0.2|1|2|10|20|100|200|MIN|MAX} FRES|RES :NPLC {0.02|0.2|1|2|10|20|100|200|MIN|MAX} TEMP:NPLC {0.02|0.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions General Measurement Configuration Reducing Measurement Noise At high resolutions and low measurement levels, measurement noise can become an important factor in the accuracy of your measurements. One possible source of measurement noise is the wiring and cabling in the test setup. These noise sources and their effects are discussed in Chapter 7, "Measurement Tutorial". A smaller level of noise is also inherent in the meter itself.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions General Measurement Configuration 30 minute measurement, ±0.5° C, zero input, rms noise (typical) nV rms Noise 3 Equivalent NPLC Readings per second Readings per minute Minutes per reading Approximate Reading Rate • Front Panel operation: Integration time can be set indirectly when you select the number of digits (See page 43). You can also set the integration time in the MEASurement menu with the 2: INTEGRATE command.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions General Measurement Configuration Number of Digits Displayed Front Panel operation only. See also “Integration Time,” on page 58. • You can set the number of digits shown in the display to 4, 5, 6, or 7 full digits, plus a “1⁄2” digit which can only be a “0” or “1”. • You can set both the number of digits displayed and the Integration Time in a single operation by pressing digits keys (see page 43).
Chapter 3 Features and Functions General Measurement Configuration 7 digits Ω 0.003,256,4 This is the 1 ohm range, 71⁄2 digits are displayed. "1⁄2" digit 6 digits 0.216,569 mV 3 This is the 1 mV range, 61⁄2 digits are displayed. "1⁄2" digit 5 digits -045.231 mV This is the 100 mV range, 51⁄2 digits are displayed.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions General Measurement Configuration Ranging You can let the meter automatically select the range using autoranging or you can select a fixed range using manual ranging. Autoranging is convenient because the meter automatically selects the appropriate range for each measurement. However, you can use manual ranging for faster measurements since the meter does not have to determine which range to use for each measurement.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions General Measurement Configuration Overload Detection The 34420A uses both an analog and digital method to generate an overload condition and display the OVLD message. An understanding of the cause of the overload can help you make more accurate measurements. Digital Overload Detection The digital overload detect occurs when the magnitude of the measurement is greater than 120% of the Range. For example, on the 1 volt Range, signal levels of greater than ± 1.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Voltage Measurement Configuration Voltage Measurement Configuration Input Channels The meter has two independent input channels for measuring dc Volts. You can make measurements on either or both channels, measure the difference between the channels, or measure the ratio between the channels. Each channel has an independent settings for null and range. The figure on page 19 shows connections for two input channels. • Channel 1 is the default input channel.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Voltage Measurement Configuration • Remote operation: The CONFigure and MEASure subsystems use an optional parameter to specify the input channel as either 1 or 2: CONF:VOLT:DC DEF, DEF,(@FRONTl) CONF:VOLT:DC DEF, DEF,(@FRONT2) Channel 1 operation Channel 2 operation The SENSe subsystem uses a keyword modification to indicate the channel: SENS1:VOLT:DC:RANG:AUTO SENS2:VOLT:DC:RANG:AUTO Ch1 - Ch2 Channel 1 operation Channel 2 operation Two Channel Measurements • Differe
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Resistance Measurement Configuration Resistance Measurement Configuration The meter can make 2-wire or 4-wire ohms measurements. The meter can compensate for voltages in the resistive circuit being measured using offset compensation. You can also choose to either limit the power applied or limit the open circuit voltage applied during a resistance measurement.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Resistance Measurement Configuration Offset Compensated Measurements Offset compensation removes the effect of any voltages in the circuit being measured. The technique involves taking two measurements, one with the current source turned on, and one with the current source turned off and computing the difference. A description of this operation is given on page 259. • Front Panel operation: Offset compensation is on at power on.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Resistance Measurement Configuration Voltage Limited Measurements Voltage limited resistance measurements clamp the open circuit voltage to predefined limits. • Voltage limits apply only to 4-wire ohms measurements. • Voltage limited resistance measurements are only available on the 10 Ω and 100 Ω ranges.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature Measurement Configuration This section contains information to help you configure the meter for making temperature measurements. To measure temperature, you will need a temperature transducer. Transducer descriptions and specific comments about their usage are given on page 263.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Temperature Measurement Configuration RTD Measurements • The meter supports RTDs with α = 0.00385 (DIN/IEC 751) or α = 0.00391. The nominal value of the RTD (R0) must be in the range of 4.9 Ω to 2.1 kΩ. RTD Connections are shown on page 21. • The meter makes a 4-wire measurement for RTD’s. All four input leads must be connected. • Front Panel operation: Set RTD as the probe type under the 1: PROBE TYPE command in the TEMPerature menu.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Temperature Measurement Configuration Thermocouple Measurements • The thermocouple must be connected to the Channel 2 inputs. Be sure to observe the correct polarity. Thermocouple connections are shown on page 22. • Thermocouple measurements require a reference junction temperature. You can input a known fixed junction temperature, use an external thermistor temperature, or use the internal thermistor temperature as the reference junction temperature.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Math Operations Math Operations There are two math operations available, only one of which can be enabled at a time. You can choose to either scale the readings as they are taken, or keep statistics on a group of readings. The selected math operation remains in effect until you disable it, change functions, turn off the power, or perform a remote interface reset.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Math Operations Statistics • After you enable statistics, the first reading that the meter takes is stored as both the minimum and maximum value. The minimum is replaced with any subsequent value that is less. The maximum is replaced with any subsequent value that is greater. • All values are stored in volatile memory; the meter clears the values when stats is turned on, when power has been off, or after a remote interface reset or preset.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Math Operations • Remote operation: the math operations and registers are controlled using math operation commands.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Null (Relative) Operation Null (Relative) Operation When making null measurements, also called relative, each reading is the difference between the input signal and a stored null value. You could, for example, make a more accurate two-wire ohms measurement by shorting the test leads and pressing Null to remove the test lead resistance. See also “To Make Null (Relative) Measurements,” on page 45.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Null (Relative) Operation • Front-panel operation: After enabling null, you can edit the stored null value by pressing Shift > (Menu Recall). Any previously stored value is replaced with the new value. Turning on the menu does not disable the null operation; the meter will resume taking measurements when you turn off the menu. When null is enabled, the Null annunciator lights in the display.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Reading Hold Reading Hold The reading hold feature allows you to capture and hold a stable reading on the front-panel display. This is especially useful in situations where you want to take a reading, remove the test probes, and have the reading remain on the display. When a stable reading is detected, the meter beeps and holds the reading on the display. The reading hold feature is available only from the front panel.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Triggering The meter’s triggering system allows you to generate triggers either manually or automatically, take multiple readings per trigger, and insert a delay before each reading. Normally, the meter will take one reading each time it receives a trigger, but you can specify multiple readings (up to 50,000) per trigger. • You can trigger the meter from the front panel, with an external trigger, or use autotriggering.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Initiate Triggering MEASure? READ? INITiate Trigger Source TRIGger:SOURce IMMediate TRIGger:SOURce EXTernal TRIGger:SOURce BUS front-panel "Single" key Idle State Wait-forTrigger State 3 Trigger Delay TRIGger:DELay Sample (*) Annunciator Delay Measurement Sample Yes Yes Sample Count >1 Triggering the meter is a multi-step process.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Trigger Source Choices You must specify the source from which the meter will accept a trigger. • The trigger source is stored in volatile memory; the source is set to autotrigger (front panel) or immediate (remote interface) when power has been off or after a remote interface reset. • Front Panel operation: the meter will accept a either a front panel single trigger or a hardware trigger from the Ext Trig terminal, or continuously take readings using autotrigger.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering External Triggering In the external trigger mode, the meter will accept a hardware trigger applied to the Ext Trig terminal. The meter takes one reading, or the specified number of readings (sample count), each time Ext Trig receives a low-true pulse. See also “External Trigger Terminal,” on page 97. • The meter buffers one external trigger.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Internal Triggering In the internal trigger mode (remote interface only), the trigger signal is always present. When you place the meter in the wait-for-trigger state, the trigger is issued immediately. This is the power-on trigger source for remote interface operation. To select the internal trigger source, send the following command. The CONFigure and MEASure? commands automatically set the trigger source to IMMediate.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering The Wait-for-Trigger State After you have configured the meter and selected a trigger source, you must place the meter in the wait-for-trigger state. A trigger will not be accepted until the meter is in this state. If a trigger signal is present, and if meter is in the “wait-for-trigger” state, the measurement sequence begins and readings are taken. The “wait-for-trigger” state is a term used primarily for remote interface operation.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Number of Samples Normally, the meter takes one reading (or sample) each time it receives a trigger from the selected trigger source (if the meter is in the wait-for-trigger state). You can, however, instruct the meter to take multiple readings for each trigger received. • Number of samples: 1 to 50,000. The default is 1 sample per trigger.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Trigger Delay You can insert a delay between the trigger signal and each sample that follows. This may be useful in applications where you want to allow the input to settle before taking a reading, or for pacing a burst of readings. If you do not specify a trigger delay, the meter automatically selects a delay for you. • Delay range: 0 to 3600 seconds.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering • Front Panel operation (continued) To set the delay to 0 seconds, select the “parameter” level of the TRIG DELAY command. Move the flashing cursor to the “units” location on the right side of the display. Press ∨ until ZERO DELAY is reached, then press Enter . ZERO DELAY • To select the automatic trigger delay, select the “parameter” level of the TRIG DELAY command. Move the flashing cursor to the “units” location on the right side of the display.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Automatic Trigger Delays If you do not specify a trigger delay, the meter selects an automatic delay for you. The delay is determined by function, range, and integration time. • DC voltage : Range NPLC < 1 Trigger Delay NPLC ³ 1 Trigger Delay 1 mV 10 mV to 120 V 15 ms 1.0 ms 15 ms 1.5 ms • Resistance (2-wire and 4-wire): Range NPLC < 1 Trigger Delay NPLC ³ 1 Trigger Delay 1Ω 10 Ω 100 Ω 1 kΩ 10 kΩ 100 kΩ 1 MΩ 1.0 ms 1.0 ms 1.0 ms 1.0 ms 1.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions System-Related Operations System-Related Operations This section gives information on topics such as reading memory, errors, self-test, and front-panel display control. This information is not directly related to making measurements but is an important part of operating the meter. Reading Memory The meter can store up to 1024 readings in internal memory. Readings are stored in first-in-first-out (FIFO) order. The first reading returned is the first reading stored.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions System-Related Operations • Front-panel operation: enable readings storage under the 1: RDGS STORE command in the SYStem menu. The ‘Mem’ annunciator lights in the display. Recall the stored readings under the 2: SAVED RDGS command in the SYStem menu. Press Shift > (Menu Recall) after enabling reading memory to quickly go to the Saved Readings command. Reading memory is automatically turned off when you go to the “parameter” level in the menu to recall the readings.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions System-Related Operations Error Conditions When the front-panel ‘ERROR’ annunciator turns on, one or more command syntax or hardware errors have been detected. A record of up to 20 errors is stored in the meter’s error queue. See chapter 5, “Error Messages,” for a complete listing of the errors. • Errors are retrieved in first-in-first-out (FIFO) order. The first error returned is the first error that was stored.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions System-Related Operations Self-Test A power-on self-test occurs automatically when you turn on the multimeter. This limited test assures you that the meter is operational. This self-test does not perform the extensive set of tests that are included as part of the complete self-test described below. A complete self-test runs a series of tests and takes approximately 15 seconds to execute. If all tests pass, you can have a high confidence that the meter is operational.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions System-Related Operations Display Control To speed up your measurement rate, or for security reasons, you may want to turn off the front-panel display. From the remote interface, you can also display a 11-character message on the front panel. See page 43 for information about the number of digits displayed. • When the display is turned off, readings are not sent to the display and all display annunciators except ‘ERROR’ and ‘Shift’ are disabled.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions System-Related Operations Comma Separators The meter can display readings on the front panel with or without a comma separator. This feature is available only from the front panel. See “Menu Example 1” on page 35. 08.241,53 V With comma separator (factory setting) 08.24153 V Without comma separator • The display format is stored in non-volatile memory, and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions System-Related Operations SCPI Language Version The meter complies with the rules and regulations of the present version of SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments). You can determine the SCPI version with which the meter is in compliance by sending a command from the remote interface. You cannot query the SCPI version from the front panel. • The following command returns the SCPI version. SYSTem:VERSion? Returns a string in the form “YYYY.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Voltmeter Complete Terminal Voltmeter Complete Terminal The rear-panel VM Comp (voltmeter complete) terminal provides a low-true pulse after the completion of each measurement. Voltmeter complete and external trigger (see below) implement a standard hardware handshake sequence between measurement and switching devices.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Chart Output (Analog Output) Chart Output (Analog Output) You can use the Chart Output (Analog Output) connector on the rear panel to run a strip chart recorder or similar instrument. The connector provides an output voltage proportional to the measured voltage. • The output can range from –3.00 V to +3.00 V. • When chart output is disabled (Off), the output is set to 0 V. • The output impedance is 1 kΩ.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Chart Output (Analog Output) 2) To set the chart output voltage to ±3.0 V to correspond to an input temperature range of 5° C to 45° C with a mid temperature of 25° C (chart output is 0 V at 25° C). (25 − chart null ) = 0 span chart null = 25 and (45 − 25) span = 3.0 span = 20 3.0 = 6.66 3 • Front Panel operation: Enable the chart output under the 5: CHART OUT command in the SYStem menu. Set the chart span under the 6: CHART SPAN command in the SYStem menu.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Chart Output (Analog Output) Chart Rollover To prevent the loss of data, the chart output will "rollover" if a measurement would cause the chart output to exceed the limits (± 3 V). This feature is especially useful with strip chart recorders. Rollover can be used to increase the resolution of the chart since smaller values of span can be specified. As smaller values of span are used, chart rollover will occur more frequently. Rollover occurs when a chart limit is exceeded.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Remote Interface Configuration This section gives information on configuring the remote interface. For programming information, see Chapter 4, “Remote Interface Reference,” starting on page 115. Remote Interface Selection The meter is shipped with both a HP-IB GPIB (IEEE-488) interface and an RS-232 interface. Only one interface can be enabled at a time. The GPIB HP-IB interface is selected when the meter is shipped from the factory.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration GPIB Address HP-IB Each device on the HP-IB GPIB (IEEE-488) interface must have a unique address. You can set the meter’s address to any value between 0 and 31. The address is set to “22” when the meter is shipped from the factory. HP-IB address is displayed when you turn on the meter. The GPIB The HP-IB GPIB address can be set only from the front-panel.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Baud Rate Selection (RS-232) You can select one of six baud rates for RS-232 operation. The rate is set to 9600 baud when the meter is shipped from the factory. • Select one of the following: 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600 baud (factory setting). • The baud rate selection is stored in non-volatile memory, and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Parity Selection (RS-232) You can select the parity for RS-232 operation. The meter is configured for even parity with 7 data bits when shipped from the factory. • Select one of the following: None (8 data bits), Even (7 data bits), or Odd (7 data bits). When you set the parity, you are indirectly setting the number of data bits.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Programming Language Selection You can select one of two languages to program the meter from the selected remote interface. The programming language is SCPI when the meter is shipped from the factory. • Select one of the following: SCPI or 181 (Keithley). • The language selection is stored in non-volatile memory, and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Connection to a Terminal or Printer (RS-232) The RS-232 connector on the meter’s rear panel is a 9-pin connector (DB-9, male connector). You can connect the meter to any terminal or printer with a properly configured DTE connector (DB-25). You can use a standard serial interface cable and the 34399A Adapter Kit to make connections. Additional information about the interface is given on page 176.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration Calibration This section gives a brief introduction to the calibration features of the meter. For a more detailed discussion of the calibration procedures, see Chapter 4 in the Service Guide. Calibration Security This feature allows you to enter a security code to prevent accidental or unauthorized calibrations of the meter. When you first receive your meter, it is secured.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration To Unsecure for Calibration You can unsecure the meter for calibration either from the front panel or remote interface. The meter is secured when shipped from the factory, and the security code is set to “HP034420”. • Front-panel operation: 1: SECURED If the meter is secured, you will see the above command when you go into the CAL MENU.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration To Secure Against Calibration You can secure the meter against calibration either from the front panel or remote interface. The meter is secured when shipped from the factory, and the security code is set to “HP034420”. Be sure to read the security code rules on page 107 before attempting to secure the meter. • Front-panel operation: 1: UNSECURED If the meter is unsecured, you will see the above command when you go into the CAL MENU.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration To Change the Security Code To change the security code, you must first unsecure the meter, and then enter a new code. Make sure you have read the security code rules on page 107 before attempting to secure the meter. • Front-Panel operation: To change the security code, first make sure that the meter is unsecured. Select the “parameter” level of the UNSECURED command, enter the new security code, then press Menu Enter.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration Calibration Message You can use the calibration message feature to record calibration information about your meter. For example, you can store such information as the last calibration date, the next calibration due date, the meter’s serial number, or even the name and phone number of the person to contact for a new calibration. You can record information in the calibration message only from the remote interface.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Defaults, Power-On and Reset States Defaults, Power-On and Reset States The meter stores settings in either volatile or non-volatile memory. Settings stored in volatile memory are returned to default settings at power-on or after a remote reset. Settings stored in non-volatile memory are not changed by power-on or a remote reset (*RST), CONFigure, or MEASure command.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Defaults, Power-On and Reset States • Non-volatile memory settings can be returned to their factory defaults. Front Panel operation: return the settings to factory defaults under the 11: PRESET command in the SYStem menu. Remote operation: use the SYStem:PRESet command to return the meter to the factory defaults.
Chapter 3 Features and Functions Defaults, Power-On and Reset States • Independent vs.
4 Remote Interface Reference
Remote Interface Reference This chapter is divided into the following sections: ➡ ➡ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Command Summary, page 117 Simplified Programming Sequence, page 126 The MEASure? and CONFigure Commands, page 134 Setting the Function, Range, and Resolution, page 137 Selecting the Input Channel, page 140 Special Resistance Measurement Commands, page 141 Temperature Measurement Commands, page 142 Null (Relative) Commands, page 145 Input Filter Commands, pag
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Command Summary Command Summary This section summarizes the SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) commands available to program the meter. Refer to the later sections in this chapter for more complete details on each command. Throughout this manual, the following conventions are used for SCPI command syntax. Square brackets ( [] ) indicate optional keywords or parameters.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Command Summary Voltage Measurement Configuration Commands MEASure [:VOLTage][:DC]? [{ | AUTO | MIN | MAX | DEF}][,{ | MIN | MAX | DEF}][,(@)]1 [:VOLTage][:DC]:RATio? [{ | AUTO | MIN | MAX | DEF}][,{ | MIN | MAX | DEF}] [:VOLTage][:DC]:DIFFerence? [{ | AUTO | MIN | MAX | DEF}][,{ | MIN | MAX | DEF}] CONFigure [:VOLTage][:DC] [{ | AUTO | MIN | MAX | DEF}][,{ | MIN | MAX | DEF}][,(@
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Command Summary Resistance Measurement Configuration Commands MEASure :FRESistance? [{ | AUTO | MIN | MAX | DEF}][,{ | MIN | MAX | DEF}] :RESistance? [{ | AUTO | MIN | MAX | DEF}][,{ | MIN | MAX | DEF}] CONFigure :FRESistance | :RESistance [{ | AUTO | MIN | MAX | DEF}][,{ | MIN | MAX | DEF}] [SENSe:] FUNCtion "RESistance" FUNCtion "FRESistance" FUNCtion? (2-wire ohms) (4-wire ohms) [SENSe:] FRESistance | RESista
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Command Summary Temperature Measurement Configuration Commands MEASure :TEMPerature? [{TC | THER | FRTD | DEF}][,{ | DEF}][, 1, { | MAX | MIN | DEF}] CONFigure :TEMPerature [{TC | THER | FRTD | DEF}][,{ | DEF}][, 1, { | MAX | MIN | DEF}] [SENSe:] FUNCtion "TEMPerature" FUNCtion? [SENSe:] TEMPerature:TRANsducer:TYPE {TCouple | THERmistor | FRTD} TEMPerature:TRANsducer:TYPE? [SENSe:] TEMPerature:TRANsducer:TCouple:TYPE {B | E | J | K |
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Command Summary General Measurement Configuration Commands CONFigure? [SENSe:]NULL [{OFF | ON | ONCE}] INPut:FILTer :STATe {OFF | ON} :STATe? :TYPE {ANALog | DIGital | BOTH} :TYPE? :DIGital:RESPonse {SLOW | MEDium | FAST} :DIGital:RESPonse? :DIGital:PRECharge:AUTO {ON | OFF} :DIGItal:PRECharge:AUTO? ROUTe:TERMinals {FRONt | FRONt1 | FRONt2} ROUTe:TERMinals? Math Operation Commands 4 CALCulate :FUNCtion {AVERage | SCALe} :FUNCtion? [:STATe] {OFF | ON} [:STATe]? CALCul
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Command Summary Triggering Commands INITiate READ? TRIGger :SOURce {BUS | IMMediate | EXTernal} :SOURce? TRIGger :DELay { | MIN | MAX} :DELay? [MIN | MAX] :DELay:AUTO {OFF | ON} :DELay:AUTO? TRIGger :COUNt { | MIN | MAX | INFinity} :COUNt? [MIN | MAX] SAMPle :COUNt { | MIN | MAX} :COUNt? [MIN | MAX] Chart Output Commands OUTPut [:STATe] {OFF | ON} [:STATe]? :REFerence:OFFSet { | MIN | MAX} :REFerence:OFFSet? [{MIN | MAX}] :REFerence:OFFSe
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Command Summary System-Related Commands (continued) DISPlay[:STATe] {OFF | ON} DISPlay? DISPlay :TEXT :TEXT? :TEXT:CLEar SYSTem:ERRor? SYSTem:PRESet SYSTem:VERSion? *RST *TST? *IDN? Status Reporting Commands 4 SYSTem:ERRor? STATus :OPERation:CONDition? :OPERation:ENABle :OPERation:ENABle? :OPERation[:EVENt]? :QUEStionable:CONDition? :QUEStionable:ENABle :QUEStionable:ENABle? :QUEStionable[:EVENt]? STATus:PRESet *CLS *STB?
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Command Summary Calibration Commands CALibration? CALibration:COUNt? CALibration :ICURrent? CALibration :OUTPut {ZERO | GAIN} :OUTPut? CALibration :SECure:CODE :SECure:STATe {OFF | ON} [,] :SECure:STATe? CALibration :STRing :STRing? CALibration :VALue :VALue? Remote Interface Commands SYSTem :INTerface {HPIB | RS232} :INTerface? SYSTem :COMMunicate:SERial:BAUD :COMMunicate:SERial:BAUD? :COMMunicate:SERial:PARity {EVEN | O
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Command Summary IEEE-488.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Simplified Programming Sequence Simplified Programming Sequence ➡ You can program the meter to take measurements from the remote interface using the following seven-step sequence. Throughout this manual, the following conventions are used for SCPI command syntax. Square brackets ( [] ) indicate optional keywords or parameters. Braces ( {} ) enclose a list of parameters separated with a vertical bar ( | ), use only one of the values .
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Simplified Programming Sequence MEASure? and CONFigure Defaults Setting SCPI Command System Defaults Used ROUTe:TERMinals Channel 1 Digital Filter INPut:FILTer Off Digital Filter Precharge INPut:FILTer Last value set Analog Filter INPut:FILTer Off TRIGger:SOURce Immediate Trigger Delay TRIGger:DELay Auto Trigger Count TRIGger:COUNt 1 N Samples SAMPle:COUNt 1 CALCulate Off DATA:FEED RDG_STORE "CALC" DISPlay On (10 plc)
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Simplified Programming Sequence Using the MEASure? Command The easiest way to program the meter for measurements is by using the MEASure? command. However, this command does not offer much flexibility. When you execute the command, the meter uses defaults for the requested configuration and immediately performs the measurement. You cannot change any settings (other than function, range, and resolution) before the measurement is taken.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Simplified Programming Sequence Using the range and resolution Parameters With the MEASure? and CONFigure commands, you can select the measurement function, range, and resolution all in one command. Use the range parameter to specify a fixed range larger than the expected value of the input signal. You can set the range parameter to AUTO to set autoranging. Use the resolution parameter to specify the desired resolution for the measurement.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Simplified Programming Sequence Using the READ? Command The READ? command changes the state of the trigger system from the “idle” state to the “wait-for-trigger” state. Measurements will begin when the specified trigger conditions are satisfied following the receipt of the READ? command. Readings are sent immediately to the output buffer. You must enter the reading data into your bus controller or the meter will stop making measurements when the output buffer fills.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Simplified Programming Sequence Using the INITiate and FETCh? Commands The INITiate and FETCh? commands provide the lowest level of control (with the most flexibility) of measurement triggering and reading retrieval. Use the INITiate command after you have configured the meter for the measurement. This changes the state of the triggering system from the “idle” state to the “wait-for-trigger” state.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Simplified Programming Sequence MEASure? Example The following program segment shows how to use the MEASure? command to make a measurement. This example configures the meter for voltage measurements on channel 1 using autoranging on the input signal, automatically places the meter in the “wait-for-trigger” state, internally triggers the meter to take one reading, and then sends the reading to the output buffer.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Simplified Programming Sequence CONFigure Example 2 The following program segment is similar to the example above but it uses INITiate to place the meter in the “wait-for-trigger” state. The INITiate command places the meter in the “wait-for-trigger” state, takes a reading when the Ext Trig terminal is pulsed, and sends the reading to the meter’s internal memory. The FETCh? command transfers the reading from internal memory to the output buffer.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The MEASure? and CONFigure Commands The MEASure? and CONFigure Commands See also “General Measurement Configuration,” starting on page 55 in chapter 3. Both the MEASure? and CONFigure commands reset measurement parameters to defaults. See page 127. • For the range parameter, MIN selects the lowest range for the selected function; MAX selects the highest range; AUTO or DEF selects autoranging.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The MEASure? and CONFigure Commands MEASure[:VOLTage][:DC]:DIFFerence? [{ | AUTO | MIN | MAX | DEF}][,{ | MIN | MAX | DEF}] This command presets and makes a difference measurement with the specified range and resolution. The reading is sent to the output buffer. For difference measurements, the specified range applies to the signal connected to the Channel 1 terminals. Autoranging is selected for voltage measurements on the Channel 2 terminals.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The MEASure? and CONFigure Commands CONFigure[:VOLTage][:DC]:DIFFerence [{ | AUTO | MIN | MAX | DEF}][,{ | MIN | MAX | DEF}] This command presets and configures the meter for difference measurements with the specified range and resolution. This command does not initiate the measurement. For difference measurements, the specified range applies to the signal connected to the Channel 1 terminals.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Setting the Function, Range, and Resolution Setting the Function, Range, and Resolution See also “General Measurement Configuration,” starting on page 55 in chapter 3. [SENSe:]FUNCtion "" Select a measurement function. The function must be enclosed in quotes in the command string (for example, FUNC "VOLT:DC").
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Setting the Function, Range, and Resolution [{SENSe1: | SENSe2:}]VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO {OFF | ON} [SENSe:] FRESistance | RESistance :RANGe:AUTO {OFF | ON} This command disables or enables autoranging for the function. Autorange thresholds: Down range at <10% of range; Up range at >120% of range.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Setting the Function, Range, and Resolution [SENSe1: | SENSe2:]VOLTage[:DC]:NPLCycles {0.02 | 0.2 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 20 | 100 | 200 | MIN | MAX} [SENSe:] FRESistance | RESistance :NPLCycles {0.02 | 0.2 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 20 | 100 | 200 | MIN | MAX} [SENSe:]TEMPerature:NPLCycles {0.02 | 0.2 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 20 | 100 | 200 | MIN | MAX} This command selects the integration time in number of power line cycles for the present function (the default is 10 PLC). MIN = 0.02. MAX = 200.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Selecting the Input Channel Selecting the Input Channel The correct input channel is automatically selected for resistance and temperature measurement functions. For voltage measurements, you must select the input channel. The easiest, but least flexible, method to specify the input channel is by using the channel parameter in the MEASure? or CONFigure commands.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Special Resistance Measurement Commands Special Resistance Measurement Commands The following commands provide offset compensation and low power or voltage limited resistance measurement capability. [SENSe:] FRESistance | RESistance :OCOMpensated {OFF | ON} :OCOMpensated? This command enables or disables the offset compensated resistance measurements (see page 69). Once enabled, offset compensation will apply to both 4-wire and 2-wire resistance measurements.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Temperature Measurement Commands Temperature Measurement Commands See "Temperature Measurement Configuration" on page 71 in Chapter 3. • The meter stores the last settings used for temperature measurements in non-volatile memory and uses these values as the default for future measurements. You can, therefore, make temperature measurements without having to set the transducer type or reference each time. • A range setting is not meaningful for temperature measurements.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Temperature Measurement Commands [SENSe:]TEMPerature:TRANsducer:TYPE {TC | THER | FRTD | DEF} This command sets the type of temperature transducer to use for temperature measurements. Choose TC (thermocouples), THER (thermistors), or FRTD (four-wire RTD). DEF sets FRTD. [SENSe:]TEMPerature:TRANsducer:TYPE? This command queries for the current temperature measurement transducer type.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Temperature Measurement Commands [SENSe:]TEMPerature:TRANsducer:FRTD:TYPE {85 | 91} This command sets the four-wire RTD type. The alpha is entered as either 85 (for α = .000385) or 91 (for α = .000391). [SENSe:]TEMPerature:TRANsducer:FRTD:TYPE? This command queries for the type of RTD being used. Returns either +91 or +85. [SENSe:]TEMPerature:TRANsducer:FRTD:RESistance[:REFerence] This command sets the four-wire RTD R0 value. The value is in the range of 4.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Null (Relative) Commands Null (Relative) Commands The meter uses independant null values for channel 1 and channel 2 voltage measurements, resistance measurements, and temperature measurements. See page 77 in Chapter 3.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Input Filter Commands Input Filter Commands See also page 55 in Chapter 3. Using the input filters from the remote interface is not recommended. To use the filters with the remote interface be aware of the following: • The digital filter is a moving average (boxcar) filter. The filter rate sets the number of readings that will be averaged. A reading is taken and included in the average with each trigger.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Input Filter Commands INPut:FILTer :STATe {OFF | ON} :STATe? These commands enable or disable the filter state and query the filter state. INPut:FILTer :TYPE {ANALog | DIGital | BOTH} :TYPE? These commands set the filter type and query the filter type. BOTH enables the digital and analog filters. INPut:FILTer :DIGital:RESPonse {SLOW | MEDium | FAST} :DIGital:RESPonse? These commands set the averaging for the digital filter and query the digital filter setting.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Math Operation Commands Math Operation Commands See also “Math Operations,” starting on page 74 in chapter 3. There are two main math operations available; stats and scale, only one of which can be enabled at a time. Stats performs mathematical operations on a series of readings. Scale performs a mathematical operation on each reading.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Math Operation Commands Statistics operation commands (AVERage) • You must have set CALC:FUNC AVER and CALC ON to use these commands. CALCulate:AVERage:MINimum? This command returns the minimum value found during a math average operation. The meter clears the value when math is turned on, when power has been off, or after a remote interface reset. [volatile memory] CALCulate:AVERage:MAXimum? This command returns the maximum value found during a math average operation.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Math Operation Commands DATA:FEED RDG_STORE, {"CALCulate" | " "} This command selects whether readings taken using the INITiate command are stored in the meter’s internal memory (default) or not stored at all. In the default state (DATA:FEED RDG_STORE, "CALC"), up to 1024 readings are stored in memory when INITiate is executed. The MEASure? and CONFigure commands automatically select "CALC".
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Triggering Triggering See also “Triggering,” starting on page 80 in chapter 3. First time SCPI users, see page 183 The meter’s triggering system allows you to generate triggers either manually or automatically, take multiple readings per trigger, and insert a delay before each reading. Normally, the meter will take one reading each time it receives a trigger, but you can specify multiple readings (up to 50,000) per trigger. You can also set an infinite trigger.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Triggering Initiate Triggering MEASure? READ? INITiate Trigger Source TRIGger:SOURce IMMediate TRIGger:SOURce EXTernal TRIGger:SOURce BUS front-panel "Single" key Trigger Delay TRIGger:DELay Sample (*) Annunciator Idle State Wait-forTrigger State Delay Measurement Sample Yes Yes Sample Count >1 Triggering the meter is a multi-step process.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Triggering The Wait-for-Trigger State After you have configured the meter and selected a trigger source, you must place the meter in the wait-for-trigger state. A trigger will not be accepted until the meter is in this state. If a trigger signal is present, and if the meter is in the “wait-for-trigger” state, the measurement sequence begins and readings are taken. The “wait-for-trigger” state is a term used primarily for remote interface operation.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Triggering Commands Triggering Commands See also “Triggering,” starting on page 80 in chapter 3. INITiate This command changes the state of the triggering system from the “idle” state to the “wait-for-trigger” state. Measurements will begin when the specified trigger conditions are satisfied after the INITiate command is received. The readings are placed in the meter’s internal memory (up to 1024 readings can be stored).
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Triggering Commands TRIGger:DELay { | MIN | MAX} This command inserts a trigger delay between the trigger signal and each sample that follows. If you do not specify a trigger delay, the meter automatically selects a delay for you (see page 89). Select from 0 to 3600 seconds. MIN = 0 seconds. MAX = 3600 seconds. [volatile memory] TRIGger:DELay? [{MIN | MAX}] This command queries the trigger delay.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Chart Output (Analog Out) Commands Chart Output (Analog Out) Commands See also "Chart Output", starting on page 98 in chapter 3. OUTPut [:STATe] {OFF | ON} [:STATe]? These commands enable or disable the chart output (analog output) and query the output state. When disabled, the output is held at 0 V. OUTPut :REFerence:OFFset { | MIN | MAX} :REFerence:OFFset? :REFerence:NULL These commands set or query the offset value. The offset can be set in the range of -1.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference System-Related Commands System-Related Commands See also “System-Related Operations,” starting on page 90 in chapter 3. FETCh? This command transfers readings stored in the meter’s internal memory by the INITiate command to the meter’s output buffer where you can read them into your bus controller. READ? This command changes the state of the trigger system from the “idle” state to the “wait-for-trigger” state.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference System-Related Commands SYSTem:ERRor? This command queries the meter’s error queue. Up to 20 errors can be stored in the queue. Errors are retrieved in first-in-first out (FIFO) order. Each error string may contain up to 80 characters. SYSTem:VERSion? This command queries the meter to determine the present SCPI version. Returns "1994.0" *RST This command resets the meter to its power-on configuration. *TST? This command performs a complete self-test of the meter.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model The SCPI Status Model All SCPI instruments implement status registers in the same way. The status system records various instrument conditions in four register groups: the Status Byte register, the Standard Event register, The Operational Status register, and the Questionable Data register. The status byte register records high-level summary information reported in the other register groups.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model SCPI Status System + See page 169 for information on the use of this bit.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model The Status Byte The status byte summary register reports conditions from other status registers. Query data that is waiting in the meter’s output buffer is immediately reported through the “message available” bit (bit 4). Bits in the summary registers are not latched. Clearing an event register will clear the corresponding bits in the status byte summary register.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model The status byte summary register is cleared when: • You execute a *CLS (clear status) command. • Querying the standard event and questionable data registers will clear only the respective bits in the summary register. The status byte enable register (request service) is cleared when: • You turn on the power and you have previously configured the meter using the *PSC 1 command. • You execute a *SRE 0 command.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model Using *STB? to Read the Status Byte The *STB? (status byte query) command is similar to a serial poll except it is processed like any other instrument command. The *STB? command returns the same result as an IEEE-488 serial poll except that the “request service” bit (bit 6) is not cleared if a serial poll has occurred.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model How to Use the Message Available Bit (MAV) You can use the status byte “message available” bit (bit 4) to determine when data becomes available to read into your bus controller. The meter sets bit 4 when the first reading trigger occurs (which can be TRIGger:SOURce:IMMediate). The meter subsequently clears bit 4 only after all messages have been read from the output buffer.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model The Standard Event Register The standard event register reports the following types of instrument events: power-on detected, command syntax errors, command execution errors, self-test or calibration errors, query errors, or when an *OPC command is executed. Any or all of these conditions can be reported in the standard event summary bit through the enable register.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model The standard event register is cleared when: • You send a *CLS (clear status) command. • You query the event register using the *ESR? (event status register) command. The standard event enable register is cleared when: • You turn on the power and you have previously configured the meter using the *PSC 1 command. • You execute a *ESE 0 command.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model The Questionable Data Register The questionable data register provides information about the quality of the meter’s measurement results. Overload conditions can be reported in the questionable data summary bit through the enable register. You must write a decimal value using the STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle command to set the enable register mask.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model The questionable data event register is cleared when: • You execute a *CLS (clear status) command. • You query the event register using STATus:QUEStionable:EVENt?. The questionable data enable register is cleared when: • You turn on the power (*PSC does not apply). • You execute the STATus:PRESet command. • You execute the STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle 0 command.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model The Operational Status and Condition Registers The operation status register provides information about the operation of the meter. Bits in the operational status event register are latched from changes in the bits in the operational status condition register. The meter only uses a single bit (bit 8) in these registers. This bit indicates the settling state of the digital filter.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference The SCPI Status Model Bit Definitions — Operational Status Register Bit 0 1 ↓ 7 8 9 ↓ 15 Decimal Value Not Used ↓ Filter Settled Not Used ↓ Definition Always set to 0 ↓ 256 Digital filter is settled. Always set to 0. ↓ The operational status event register is cleared when: • You execute a *CLS (clear status) command. • You query the event register using STATus:OPERation:EVENt?.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Status Reporting Commands Status Reporting Commands SYSTem:ERRor? This command queries the meter’s error queue. Up to 20 errors can be stored in the queue. Errors are retrieved in first-in-first out (FIFO) order. Each error string may contain up to 80 characters. STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition? This command queries the questionable status condition register. The meter returns a decimal value which corresponds to the binary-weighted sum of all bits set in the register.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Status Reporting Commands STATus:OPERation:EVENt? This command queries the Questionable Data event register. The meter returns a decimal value which corresponds to the binary-weighted sum of all bits set in the register. Only bit 8 (decimal 256) is used and latches the digital filter settled state of the condition register. STATus:PRESet This command clears all bits in the Questionable Data enable and Operational Status enable registers.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Status Reporting Commands *PSC {0 | 1} (Power-on status clear.) This command clears the Status Byte and Standard Event register enable masks when power is turned on (*PSC 1). When *PSC 0 is in effect, the Status Byte and Standard Event register enable masks are not cleared when power is turned on. [non-volatile memory] *PSC? This command queries the power-on status clear setting. Returns “0” (*PSC 0) or “1” (*PSC 1).
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Calibration Commands Calibration Commands See the Service Guide for a more detailed description of the meter’s calibration procedures. CALibration? This command performs a calibration using the specified calibration value (CALibration:VALue command). CALibration:COUNt? This command queries the meter to determine the number of times it has been calibrated.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Calibration Commands CALibration:STRing This command records calibration information about your meter. For example, you can store such information as the last calibration date or the next calibration due date. The calibration message may contain up to 40 characters. [non-volatile memory] CALibration:STRing? This command queries the calibration message and return a quoted string.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference RS-232 Interface Configuration RS-232 Interface Configuration See also “Remote Interface Configuration,” on page 101 in chapter 3. You connect the meter to the RS-232 interface using the 9-pin (DB-9) serial connector on the rear panel. The meter is configured as a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) device. For all communications over the RS-232 interface, the meter uses two handshake lines: DTR (Data Terminal Ready) on pin 4 and DSR (Data Set Ready) on pin 6.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference RS-232 Interface Configuration RS-232 Data Frame Format A character frame consists of all the transmitted bits that make up a single character. The frame is defined as the characters from the start bit to the last stop bit, inclusively. Within the frame, you can select the baud rate, number of data bits, and parity type. The meter uses the following frame formats for seven and eight data bits.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference RS-232 Interface Configuration Refer to the cable and adapter diagrams below to connect the meter to most computers or terminals. If you configuration is different than those described, order the 34399A Adapter Kit. This kit contains adapters for connection to other computers, terminals, and modems. Instructions and pin diagrams are included with the adapter kit.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference RS-232 Interface Configuration Connection to a Printer To connect to a printer you must use a DTE to DCE (Data Communications Equipment) cable. GPIB address to 31 Set the meter to the TALK ONLY mode by setting the HP-IB from the front panel. Then set the RS-232 interface as the active interface. See pages 187 and 189.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference RS-232 Interface Configuration The meter sets the DTR line FALSE in the following cases: 1 When the meter’s input buffer is full (when approximately 100 characters have been received), it sets the DTR line FALSE (pin 4 on the RS-232 connector). When enough characters have been removed to make space in the input buffer, the meter sets the DTR line TRUE, unless the second case (see below) prevents this.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference RS-232 Interface Configuration RS-232 Troubleshooting Here are a few things to check if you are having problems using the RS-232 interface. If you need additional help, refer to the documentation that came with your computer. • Verify that the meter and your computer are configured for the same baud rate, parity, and number of data bits. Make sure that your computer is set up for 1 start bit and 2 stop bits (these values are fixed on the meter).
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference RS-232 Interface Commands RS-232 Interface Commands SYSTem:LOCal This command places the meter in the local mode during RS-232 operation. All keys on the front panel are fully functional. SYSTem:REMote This command places the meter in the remote mode during RS-232 operation. All keys on the front panel except the LOCAL key are disabled. You MUST send this command before any other RS-232 command can be received.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference An Introduction to the SCPI Language An Introduction to the SCPI Language Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) defines how you communicate with an instrument from a bus controller. The SCPI language uses a hierarchical structure similar to the file systems used by many bus controllers. The command “tree” is organized with root-level commands (also called “subsystems”) positioned at the top, with multiple levels below each root-level command.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference An Introduction to the SCPI Language Using “ ? ” Commands The bus controller may send commands at any time, but a SCPI instrument may only send responses when specifically instructed to do so. Only query commands (commands that end with a “?”) will instruct the instrument to send a response message. Queries return either measured values or internal instrument settings.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference An Introduction to the SCPI Language SCPI Data Types The SCPI language defines different data formats for use in program messages and response messages. Instruments are flexible listeners and can accept commands and parameters in various formats. However, SCPI instruments are precise talkers. This means that SCPI instruments will always respond to a particular query in a predefined, rigid format.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Input Message Terminators Input Message Terminators Program messages sent to a SCPI instrument must terminate with a character. The IEEE-488 EOI (end or identify) signal is interpreted as a character and may also be used to terminate a message in place of the character. A followed by a is also accepted.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Using Device Clear to Halt Measurements Using Device Clear to Halt Measurements Device clear is an IEEE-488 low-level bus message which can be used to halt measurements in progress. Different programming languages and IEEE-488 interface cards provide access to this capability through their own unique commands. The status registers, the error queue, and all configuration states are left unchanged when a device clear message is received.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference To Set the GPIB Address To Set the GPIB HP-IB Address Each device on the GPIB HP-IB (IEEE-488) interface must have a unique address. You can set the meter’s address to any value between 0 and 31. The address is set to “22” when the meter is shipped from the factory. The address is displayed on the front panel when you turn on the meter. On/Off Shift < 1 Turn on the front-panel menu. A: MEAS MENU < < 2 Move across to the I/O MENU choice on this level.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference To Select the Remote Interface To Select the Remote Interface GPIB (IEEE-488) interface and an The meter is shipped with both a HP-IB RS-232 interface. Only one interface can be enabled at a time. The GPIB HP-IB interface is selected when the meter is shipped from the factory. See also “Remote Interface Selection,” on page 101. On/Off Shift < 1 Turn on the front-panel menu. A: MEAS MENU < < 2 Move across to the I/O MENU choice on this level.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference To Set the Baud Rate To Set the Baud Rate You can select one of six baud rates for RS-232 operation. The rate is set to 9600 baud when the meter is shipped from the factory. See also “Baud Rate Selection,” on page 103. On/Off Shift < 1 Turn on the front-panel menu. A: MEAS MENU < < 2 Move across to the I/O MENU choice on this level. F: I/O MENU ∨ > > 3 Move down a level and then across to the BAUD RATE command.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference To Set the Parity To Set the Parity You can select the parity for RS-232 operation. The meter is configured for even parity with 7 data bits when shipped from the factory. See also “Parity Selection,” on page 104. On/Off Shift < 1 Turn on the front-panel menu. A: MEAS MENU < < 2 Move across to the I/O MENU choice on this level. F: I/O MENU ∨ < < 3 4 Move down a level and then across to the PARITY command.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference To Select the Programming Language To Select the Programming Language You can select one of three language to program the meter from the selected remote interface. The language is SCPI when the meter is shipped from the factory. The languge setting is stored in non-volatile memory and does not change with power off or reset. See also “Programming Language Selection,” on page 105. On/Off Shift < 1 Turn on the front-panel menu.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference Alternate Programming Language Compatibility Alternate Programming Language Compatibility You can configure the 34420A to accept and execute the commands of the the Keithley 181 meter. Remote operation will only allow you to access the functionality of the meter language selected. You can take advantage of the full functionality of the 34420A only through the SCPI programming language.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference SCPI Compliance Information SCPI Compliance Information The following commands are device-specific to the 34420A. They are not included in the 1994.0 version of the SCPI standard. However, these commands are designed with the SCPI format in mind and they follow all of the syntax rules of the standard. Many of the required SCPI commands are accepted by the meter but are not described in this manual for simplicity or clarity.
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference SCPI Compliance Information INPut :FILTer[:LPASS]:DIGital:PREcharge {ON | OFF} :FILTer[:LPASS]:DIGital:PREcharge? :FILTer[:LPASs]:DIGital:RESPonse { SLOW | MEDium | FAST } :FILTer[:LPASs]:DIGital:RESPonse? :FILTer[:LPASs]:TYPE { ANAlog | DIGital | BOTH } :FILTer[:LPASs]:TYPE? OUTPut :REFerence:OFFSet { | MINimum | MAXimum } :REFerence:OFFSet? [ MINimum | MAXimum ] :REFerence:OFFSet:NULL [ONCE] :REFerence:SPAN { | MINimum | MAXimum } :REFerence:SPAN? [ MI
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference SCPI Compliance Information [SENSe:] TEMPerature :NULL[:STATe] { OFF | ON | 0 | 1 } :NULL[:STATe]? :NULL:VALue { | MINimum | MAXimum } :NULL:VALue? :NPLCycles { | MINimum | MAXimum } :NPLCycles? [ MINimum | MAXimum ] :TRANsducer:TYPE { DEFault | TCouple | THERmistor | FRTD} :TRANsducer:TYPE? :TRANsducer:TCouple:TYPE { DEFault | B|E|J|K|N|R|S|T } :TRANsducer:TCouple:TYPE? :TRANsducer:TCouple:RJUNction[:VALue] {|MIN| MAX} :TRANsducer:TCouple:RJUNcti
Chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference IEEE-488 Compliance Information IEEE-488 Compliance Information Dedicated Hardware Lines Addressed Commands ATN Attention DCL Device Clear IFC Interface Clear EOI End or Identify REN Remote Enable GET Group Execute Trigger SRQ Service Request Interrupt GTL Go to Local LLO Local Lock Out SDC Selected Device Clear SPD Derial Poll disable SPE Serial Poll Enable 4 IEEE-488.
5 Error Messages
Error Messages When the front-panel ERROR annunciator turns on, one or more command syntax or hardware errors have been detected. A record of up to 20 errors is stored in the meter’s error queue. Errors are retrieved in first-in- first-out (FIFO) order. See also “Error Conditions,” on page 92. Front-Panel operation: Use the SYStem menu command: 3: ERROR If the ERROR annunciator is on, press Shift > (Menu Recall) to read the errors stored in the queue.
Chapter 5 Error Messages Execution Errors Execution Errors -101 Invalid character An invalid character was found in the command string. You may have inserted a character such as #, $, or % in the command header or within a parameter. Example: CONF:VOLT#DC -102 Syntax error Invalid syntax was found in the command string. You may have inserted a blank space before or after a colon in the command header, or before a comma.
Chapter 5 Error Messages Execution Errors -112 Program mnemonic too long A command header was received which contained more than the maximum 11 characters allowed. Example: CONFIGURATION:VOLT:DC -113 Undefined header A command was received that is not valid for this meter. You may have misspelled the command or it may not be a valid command. If you are using the short form of the command, remember that it may contain up to four letters.
Chapter 5 Error Messages Execution Errors -141 Invalid character data -144 Character data too long -148 Character data not allowed A discrete parameter was received but a character string or a numeric parameter was expected. Check the list of parameters to verify that you have used a valid parameter type. Example: DISP:TEXT ON -151 Invalid string data An invalid character string was received. Check to see if you have enclosed the character string in single or double quotes.
Chapter 5 Error Messages Execution Errors -221 Settings conflict This error can be generated in one of the following situations: You sent a CONFigure or MEASure command with autorange enabled and with a fixed resolution. Example: CONF:VOLT:DC DEF,0.1 You turned math on (CALC:STAT ON) and then changed to a math operation that was not valid with the present measurement function. -222 Data out of range A numeric parameter value is outside the valid range for the command.
Chapter 5 Error Messages Execution Errors -350 Queue overflow The error queue is full because more than 20 errors have occurred. No additional errors are stored until you remove errors from the queue. The error queue is cleared when power has been off, or after a *CLS (clear status) command has been executed. -410 Query INTERRUPTED A command was received which sends data to the output buffer, but the output buffer contained data from a previous command (the previous data is not overwritten).
Chapter 5 Error Messages Execution Errors 511 RS-232 framing error 512 RS-232 overrun error 513 RS-232 parity error 514 Command allowed only with RS-232 There are three commands which are only allowed with the RS-232 interface: SYSTem:LOCal, SYSTem:REMote, and SYSTem:RWLock. 521 Input buffer overflow 522 Output buffer overflow 531 Insufficient memory There is not enough memory to store the requested number of readings in internal memory using the INITiate command.
Chapter 5 Error Messages Execution Errors 750 Invalid channel name The meter received a MEAS or CONF command with an invalid channel specifier. 810 Invalid or unsupported transducer type An invalid transducer type was detected as a parameter. 820 Temperature out of range for specified transducer 1000 Settings conflict; voltage limit mode has been disabled After being set to the voltage limited resistance mode, the meter received a command that changed the settings to an mode or range not allowed.
Chapter 5 Error Messages Self-Test Errors Self-Test Errors The following errors indicate failures that may occur during a self-test. Refer to the Service Guide for more information.
Chapter 5 Error Messages Self-Test Errors 613 Ohms 5 uA source failed 614 Ohms 10 uA source failed 615 Ohms 100 uA source failed 616 Ohms 1 mA source failed 617 Ohms 10 mA source failed 618 Ohms 20 mV voltage clamp failed 619 Ohms 100 mV voltage clamp failed 620 Ohms 500 mV voltage clamp failed 621 Low Impedance DC gain X100 failed 622 High Impedance DC gain X100 failed 623 Cannot calibrate precharge 624 Unable to sense line frequency 625 I/O processor does not respond 626 I/O pr
Chapter 5 Error Messages Calibration Errors Calibration Errors The following errors indicate failures that may occur during a calibration. Refer to the Service Guide for more information. 701 Cal security disabled by jumper The calibration security feature has been disabled with a jumper inside the meter. When applicable, this error will occur at power-on to warn you that the meter is unsecured. 702 Cal secured The meter is secured against calibration.
Chapter 5 Error Messages Calibration Errors 720 Cal DCV offset out of range 722 Cal RES offset out of range 723 Cal FRES offset out of range 730 Precharge DAC convergence failed 731 A/D turnover correction out of range 737 Bias current selfcal failed 738 Charge compensation selfcal failed 739 Injected current selfcal failed 740 Cal checksum failed, secure state 741 Cal checksum failed, string data 742 Cal checksum failed, DCV corrections 743 Cal checksum failed, Low Power FRES correc
6 Application Programs
Application Programs This chapter contains several remote interface application programs to help you develop programs for your measurement application. Chapter 4, "Remote Interface Reference", starting on page 115, lists the syntax for the SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) commands available to program the the meter.
Chapter 6 Application Programs HP BASIC Language Programs HP BASIC Language Programs All of the HP BASIC examples in this chapter were developed and tested on an HP 9000 Series 300 controller. Each device on the GPIB HP-IB (IEEE-488) interface must have a unique address. You can set the meter’s address to any value between 0 and 30. The current address is momentarily displayed on the front panel when you turn on the meter.
Chapter 6 Application Programs HP BASIC Language Programs HP BASIC / GPIB HP-IB Program Example 2 This program example demonstrates how two input channels can be independently configured and used. 10 ! 20 ! This program configures the meter for voltage measurements on two 30 ! input channels. The channels are set to different ranges and 40 ! resolutions to show the independence of the settings for each channel.
Chapter 6 Application Programs HP BASIC Language Programs ...
Chapter 6 Application Programs HP BASIC Language Programs GPIB Program Example 3 HP BASIC / HP-IB This program example demonstrates the use of an SRQ to indicate when measurements are complete. The meter is set to use external triggering. Math scaling is also demonstrated. 10 ! 20 ! This program configures the meter to make multiple dc voltage measurements 30 ! using an external trigger.
Chapter 6 Application Programs HP BASIC Language Programs ...
Chapter 6 Application Programs HP BASIC Language Programs ... continued 450 ! 460 ! Wait for "Operation Complete" 470 ! 480 Task=1 490 WHILE Task=1 500 DISP "Reading..." 510 WAIT .5 520 DISP " " 530 WAIT .
Chapter 6 Application Programs HP BASIC Language Programs HP BASIC / GPIB HP-IB Program Example 4 This program example demonstrates how data can be formatted and put in a file. The program also shows how to use math operations (stats) to average data.
Chapter 6 Application Programs HP BASIC Language Programs ...
Chapter 6 Application Programs RS-232 Operations with QuickBASIC RS-232 Operations with QuickBASIC This program example uses QuickBASIC and the 82335B GPIB Interface Card and command library for IBM® PC compatibles.
Chapter 6 Application Programs Microsoft Visual Basic Language Program Microsoft Visual Basic Language Program This example was created in Microsoft® Visual Basic for Windows. The GPIB control library. You must set up example uses the 82335B and HP-IB the GLOBAL.BAS to provide access to the HP-IB.DLL. The Control Libraries. GLOBAL.BAS file is included with the Agilent Hewlett-Packard control libraries. In addition to the global declarations, the subroutine check_srq is also included in the GLOBAL.
Chapter 6 Application Programs Microsoft Visual Basic Language Program ... continued Rem Channel 1 measurement conf1$ = "CONF:VOLT:DC 1,0.01,(@FRON1)" errnum% = HpibOutputS(hHpib%, device&, conf1$, Len(conf1$)) Call check_srq conf2$ = "CONF:VOLT:DC 0.001,MAX,(@FRON2); " errnum% = HpibOutputS(hHpib%, device&, conf2$, Len(conf2$)) Call check_srq route$ = "ROUT:TERM FRONT1" errnum% = HpibOutputS(hHpib%, device&, route$, Len(route$)) ’ Take the reading and check for errors.
Chapter 6 Application Programs Microsoft Visual Basic Language Program ... continued Rem Nulled Channel 2 Measurement null_stmt$ = "SENS2:VOLT:DC:NULL ON" errnum% = HpibOutputS(hHpib%, device&, null_stmt$, Len(null_stmt$)) Call check_srq null_stmt$ = "SENS2:VOLT:DC:NULL " + Str$(reading2!) errnum% = HpibOutputS(hHpib%, device&, null_stmt$, Len(null_stmt$)) Call check_srq errnum% = HpibOutputS(hHpib%, device&, reed$, Len(reed$)) errnum% = HpibEnter(hHpib%, device&, reading!) Text4.
Chapter 6 Application Programs Microsoft Visual Basic Language Program ...
Chapter 6 Application Programs Microsoft Visual Basic Language Program ... continued Rem Need to set timeout so that sampling and averaging can complete. Rem This assumes triggers occur at a rate high enough to be a Rem negligible factor. errnum% = HpibTimeout(hHpib%, isc&, samp_count% * nplc% / 20) Call check_srq Rem Use "INIT" and "FETCH" to initiate measurement and read back Rem results into an array.
Chapter 6 Application Programs Microsoft Visual Basic Language Program ... continued The following subroutine may be included in the GLOBAL.BAS file. ’ HPIB.DLL Access ’ Put into your GLOBAL.BAS file • • • Global isc As Long Global device As Long Global hHpib As Integer Global errnum As Integer Sub check_srq () condition = 1 ’ Display any errors caused by the return of an HPIB command.
Chapter 6 Application Programs Microsoft Visual Basic Language Program ... continued The following function is used by the check_srq subroutine.
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs C Language Programs All of the C language example programs in this chapter are written for GPIB Interface Card using the GPIB the 82335 HP-IB HP-IB Command Library for C. Unless otherwise noted, the library functions used in the example programs are compatible with the ANSI C standard. All of the C programs were compiled and tested used the following compilers: • Microsoft® QuickC® Version 2.0 • Borland® Turbo C®++ Version 1.
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs • To compile Microsoft® QuickC® programs from the DOS command line (using the "large" memory model), execute the following: qcl /AL For example, qcl /AL b:\meter.c c:\qc2\lib\clhpib.lib Change the "/AL" parameter to the appropriate setting when compiling in the smaller memory models (see your C Language manual for more information).
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs GPIB Example 1 C / HP-IB This example demonstrates the general sequence of programming and the use of the MEASure? command to set and obtain a 4-wire Ohms measurement. /*************************************************************************** This program configures the meter for a 4-wire ohms measurement on Channel 1 using the MEAS command.
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs ... continued /**************************************************************************/ void meter_meas(void) { /* Configure the meter for 4-wire ohms measurements on channel 1 (default channel). The measurement is made on the 10 ohm range with the least resolution.
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs C / HP-IB GPIB Example 2 This program example demonstrates two input channels can be independently configured and used. /*************************************************************************** This program configures the meter for voltage measurements on two input channels. The channels are set to different ranges and resolutions to show the independence of the settings for each channel.
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs ... continued /**************************************************************************/ void meter_meas(void) { /* Configure channel 1 for dc voltage measurements on the 1 volt range with 10 mV resolution. Configure channel 2 for dc voltage measurements on the 1 mV range with the least resolution.
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs ... continued /* Channel 2: Turn null on */ IOOUTPUTS(ADDR, "SENS2:VOLT:DC:NULL ON", 21); /* Place the null reading into the Null Register. To do this, suppress the carriage return (CR) and line feed (LF) before sending the null reading.
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs ...
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs GPIB Program Example 3 C / HP-IB This program example demonstrates the use of an SRQ to indicate when measurements are complete. The meter is set to use external triggering. Math scaling is also demonstrated. /*************************************************************************** This program configures the meter to make multiple dc voltage measurements using an external trigger.
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs ... continued /**************************************************************************/ void rst_clear(void) { /* Reset the meter, clear the error queue, and wait for commands to complete. A "1" is sent to the output buffer from the *OPC? command when *RST and *CLS are completed.
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs ... continued /**************************************************************************/ void meter_meas(void) { /* Configure the meter for dc voltage measurements on channel 1 (default channel). The measurement is set up on the 10 volt range with an integration time of 10 PLCs.
Chapter 6 Application Programs C Language Programs ...
Chapter 6 Application Programs Microsoft Excel Macro Example Microsoft Excel Macro Example You can use Windows Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) to send commands to the meter and return measurement results directly into a Microsoft® Excel spreadsheet. "Instrument Tools"Instrument for Windows" This example uses the Hewlett-Packard Tools for Windows" and the 82335B GPIB HB-IB Interface.
Chapter 6 Application Programs Microsoft Excel Macro Example Macro Comments • For simplicity, this macro is designed to output and enter data directly onto the macro sheet. You may wish to output and enter data on a worksheet. • The macro sheet is divided into the following columns: A contains the variable names used in the macro B contains the macro commands C contains comments about the macro commands D place holder E contains the SCPI commands to send F, G, ...
Chapter 6 Application Programs Microsoft Excel Macro Example 6 245
Chapter 6 Application Programs Microsoft Excel Macro Example 246
7 Measurement Tutorial
Measurement Tutorial The 34420A is capable of making highly accurate voltage, resistance or temperature measurements. In order to achieve the greatest accuracy, you must take the necessary steps to eliminate potential measurement errors. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section discusses the causes of measurement errors. The second section describes specific ways to use the meter to minimize measurement errors.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Voltage Measurements The following table shows voltage measurement error sources. Each of these sources of error is described in more detail in the sections that follow.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Radio Frequency Interference Most voltage measuring instruments can generate false readings in the presense of large high frequency fields. Possible sources of such fields could include radio, television, communication transmitters, and portable telephones. The high frequency energy can couple into the meter on the input leads or cables connected to the rear of the instrument.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Thermal EMF Errors Thermoelectric voltages are the most common source of error in low-level dc voltage measurements. Thermoelectric voltages are generated when you make circuit connections using dissimilar metals at different temperatures. Each metal-to-metal junction forms a thermocouple, which generates a voltage proportional to the junction temperature.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Rejecting Power-Line Noise Voltages A desirable characteristic of integrating analog-to-digital (A/D) converters is their ability to reject spurious signals. Integrating techniques reject power-line related noise present with dc signals on the input. This is called normal mode rejection or NMR. Normal mode noise rejection is achieved when the meter measures the average of the input by “integrating” it over a fixed period.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Noise Caused by Ground Loops When measuring voltages in circuits where the meter and the device-under-test are both referenced to a common earth ground, a “ground loop” is formed. As shown below, any voltage difference between the two ground reference points (Vground) causes a current to flow through the LO measurement lead. This causes an error voltage, VL, which is added to the measured voltage.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Common Mode Rejection (CMR) Ideally, a meter is completely isolated from earth-referenced circuits. However, there is finite resistance and capacitance between the meter’s input LO terminal and earth ground. If the input terminals are both driven by an earth referenced signal, Vf, then a current will flow through RS and create a voltage drop VL as shown below.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Loading Errors Due to Input Resistance (dc volts) Measurement loading errors occur when the resistance of the deviceunder-test (DUT) is an appreciable percentage of the meter’s own input resistance. The diagram below shows this error source.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Loading Errors Due to Input Bias Current (Leakage Current) The semiconductor devices used in the input circuits of the meter have slight leakage currents, called bias currents. The effect of the input bias current is an loading error at the meter’s input terminals.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Noise Caused by Injected Current Residual capacitances in the power transformer cause small currents to flow from the LO of the meter to earth ground. The frequency of the "injected current" is the power line frequency or possibly power line frequency harmonics. The injected current is dependent upon the power line configuration and frequency.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Resistance Measurements Specific resistance measurement techniques are discussed in the following sections. You should also consider the techniques and errors discussed earlier in this chapter. The 4-wire ohms method provides the most accurate way to measure small resistances. Test lead resistances and contact resistances are automatically reduced using this method. The connections for resistance measurements are shown below.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Offset Compensation A resistance measurement involves measuring a voltage (E) induced across the resistance by a known current source. Ideal Meter Thermal EMF caused by dissimilar metals can create a parasitic voltage in the measurement circuit (VEMF). (See page 251 for a description of thermal EMF). The thermal EMF can be caused by the input lead connections or internally in resistor R.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error In the power-on state of the meter, offset compensation is enabled. In some circumstances it may be desirable to turn offset compensation off. For example if the resistor being measured does not respond quickly to changes in current, offset compensation will not produce an accurate measurement. Resistors with very large inductances or resistors with large values of parallel capacitance would fall into this category.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Output Clamping (Dry Circuit Testing) Resistance measurements on certain types of contacts may require a limitation on the voltage levels used to make the measurement. Both the open circuit and the measurement voltage should be considered. The need for voltage limitation arises from the possibility that oxidation on the contact surfaces may increase the resistance reading.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Settling Time Effects The meter has the ability to insert automatic measurement settling delays. These delays are adequate for resistance measurements with less than 200 pF of combined cable and device capacitance. This is particularly important if you are measuring resistances above 100 kΩ. Settling due to RC time constant effects can be quite long.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Temperature Measurements A temperature measurement is either a resistance measurement or a voltage measurement, converted to a temperature mathematically inside the meter. The mathematical conversions requires the knowledge of specific properties of specific transducer types. The conversion routines used are compatible with ITS-90. The conversion accuracy (not including the transducer accuracy) for each transducer type is: RTD 0.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error RTDs An RTD uses a metal (typically platinum) that changes resistance with a change in temperature. Your meter can measure this resistance and by knowing the characteristics of the RTD, calculate the temperature. RTDs have the highest stability of the temperature transducers. Their output is also very linear. This makes the RTD the transducer of choice for high accuracy, long-term measurements. RTDs come in two main types: a = 0.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Thermocouples A thermocouple converts temperature to voltage. When two wires, composed of dissimilar metals, are joined, an open circuit voltage is generated. The voltage is a function of the the junction temperature and the types of metals in the wire. Since the temperature characteristics of special dissimilar metals is well known, a conversion from the voltage generated to the temperature of the junction can be made.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error An ice bath is used to create a known reference temperature (0° C). Once the reference temperature and thermocouple type are known, the temperature of the measurement thermocouple can be calculated. Meter Ice Bath The type T thermocouple is a unique case since one of the conductors (copper) is the same metal as the meter’s input terminal. If another type of thermocouple is used, two additional thermocouples are created.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error To make a more accurate measurement, the copper test leads of the meter should be extended closer to the measurement and the connections to the thermocouple be held at the same temperature. Meter Ice Bath REFERENCE THERMOCOUPLE This circuit will give accurate temperature measurements. However, it is not very convenient to make two thermocouple connections and keep all connections at a known temperature.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error In some measurement situations, however, it would be nice to remove the need for an ice bath (or other fixed external reference). To do this, an isothermal block is used to make the connections. An isothermal block is an electrical insulator, but a good heat conductor. The additional thermocouples created at J1 and J2 now held at the same temperature by the isothermal block.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Type B U.S. British DIN Japanese French J U.S. British DIN Japanese French K U.S. British DIN Japanese French T U.S. British DIN Japanese French E U.S. British DIN Japanese French N U.S. British DIN Japanese French R U.S. British DIN Japanese French S U.S.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Measurement Techniques and Sources of Error Thermocouple Measurement Errors The meter allows you to use one of three types of temperature reference for thermocouple measurements: • Fixed Reference value (entered). The fixed reference is the most accurate, and is the type of thermocouple measurement described earlier using isothermal blocks and an external known reference temperature. • Measured Reference value (external thermistor).
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Cleaning the Connector Contacts Cleaning the Connector Contacts Because the meter uses connector contacts that are almost pure copper, they are subject to oxidation. Oxidation can cause measurement errors. See page 251. To help prevent the formation of oxides on the connector contacts, keep the connector engaged whenever possible. After extended periods of time, it may be necessary to treat the connector contacts.
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Input Connector Input Connector WIRE: 22 - 28 guage copper Torque 5 to 7 in-lb Align keys Wrap cable shield (makes earth ground) Rubber Grommet Channel 1 DCV 4-WireΩ 2-WireΩ Thermistor HI LO + Source + Source and Sense + Source and Sense + – Source – Source and Sense – Source and Sense – NOTE: key Channel 2 DCV 4-WireΩ Thermocouple 272 HI LO + Sense + + – Sense – –
Chapter 7 Measurement Tutorial Obtaining Parts For the Input Connector Obtaining Parts For the Input Connector Use the following Agilent Technologies part numbers to obtain replacement input connectors and cables. Contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales Office for replacement. Part Number Description 34104A Low thermal input connector (blank) 34103A Low thermal 4-wire shorting plug 34102A Low thermal input connector and 4 foot cable with spade lugs.
8 Specifications
Chapter 8 Specifications 34420A Nano Volt/Micro Ohm Meter ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONS ± (% of reading + % of range) [1] Function DC Voltage Range [2] Test Current 1.0000000 mV [3] 10.000000 mV [3] 100.00000 mV 1.0000000 V 10.000000 V 100.00000 V [4] Temperature Maximum Coefficient Per Lead 0°C - 18°C Resistance 28°C - 55°C 24 Hour 23°C ± 1°C 90 Day 23°C ± 5°C 1 Year 23°C ± 5°C 0.0025 + .0020 0.0025 + .0002 0.0015 + .0003 0.0010 + .0003 0.0002 + .0001 0.0010 + .0004 0.0040 + .0020 0.0040 + .
Chapter 8 Specifications 34420A Nano Volt/Micro Ohm Meter DC Voltage Noise Specifications * MEASUREMENT CHARACTERISTICS DC Voltage Observation Period Measurement Method Continuously Integrating Multi-slope III A-D Converter A-D Linearity 0.00008% of reading + 0.00005% of range Input Resistance 100V (Ch1 only) 1mV through 10V 10 MΩ ± 1% >10 GΩ, in parallel with <3.
Chapter 8 Specifications 34420A Nano Volt/Micro Ohm Meter OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS [4] Temperature Thermocouple Thermistor RTD Type B, E, J, K, N, R, S, T Range: -210° C to 1820° C Integration Time Readings/s [5] 71⁄2 200 plc .15 (.125) 4-wire, 4.9 Ω to 2.1 kΩ types: α = .00385 (DIN/IEC 751) and α = .00391 Range: -200° C to 850° C Thermocouple 71⁄2 100 plc .3 (.25) 61⁄2 20 plc 1.5 (1.25) 61⁄2 10 plc 3 (2.5) 51⁄2 1 plc 25 (20.8) [1] 51⁄2 0.2 plc 100 (100) 41⁄2 0.
Chapter 8 Specifications 34420A Nano Volt/Micro Ohm Meter Triggering and Memory Standard Programming Languages Reading HOLD Sensitivity 10%, 1%, 0.1%, or 0.01% of range SCPI (IEEE 488.
Chapter 8 Specifications 34420A Nano Volt/Micro Ohm Meter Dimensions 280
Chapter 8 To Calculate Total Measurement Error To Calculate Total Measurement Error Each specification includes correction factors which account for errors present due to operational limitations of the meter. This section explains these errors and shows how to apply them to your measurements. Refer to "Interpreting Meter Specifications," starting on page 285, to get a better understanding of the terminology used and to help you interpret the meter’s specifications.
Chapter 8 To Calculate Total Measurement Error Understanding the " % of range" Error. The range error compensates for inaccuracies that result from the function and range you select. The range error contributes a constant error, expressed as a percent of range, independent of the input signal level. The following table ilustrates the range error applied to the meter’s 24-hour dc voltage specification. Range Input Level Range Error (%of range) Range Error Voltage 10 V 10 V 0.
Chapter 8 To Calculate Total Measurement Error Difference Error Example This example demonstrates how to compute the total measurement error when using the Difference Function. Assume a difference measurement is made with the following conditions: • Channel 1, 1 V input on the 1 Volt range • Channel 2, 1.2 V input on the 10 Volt range To compute the total measurement error using the 90-day accuracy specifications for the error: Channel 1 (% of reading + % of range) + Channel 2 (% of reading + % of range).
Chapter 8 To Calculate Total Measurement Error Ratio Error Example This example demonstrates how to compute the total measurement error when using the Ratio Function. Assume a ratio measurement is made with the following conditions: • Channel 1, 5 V input on the 10 Volt range • Channel 2, 10 mV input on the 10 mV range To compute the total measurement error using the 90-day accuracy specifications: Ratio Error % = Channel 1 accuracy in % + Channel 2 accuracy in % Channel 1 Reading Error % = 0.
Chapter 8 Interpreting Meter Specifications Interpreting Meter Specifications This section is provided to give you a better understanding of the terminology used and will help you interpret the meter’s specifications. Number of Digits and Overrange The number of digits specification is the most fundamental, and sometimes, the most confusing characteristic of a meter. The number of digits is equal to the maximum number of "9’s" the meter can measure or display. This indicates the number of full digits.
Chapter 8 Interpreting Meter Specifications Resolution Resolution is the numeric ratio of the maximum displayed value divided by the minimum displayed value on a selected range. Resolution is often expressed in percent, part-per-million (ppm), counts, or bits. For example, a 6 1/2-digit meter with 20% overrange capability can display a measurement with up to 1,200,000 counts of resolution. This corresponds to about 0.0001% (1 ppm) of full scale, or 21 bits including the sign bit.
Chapter 8 Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements 24-Hour Accuracy The 24-hour accuracy specification indicates the meter’s relative accuracy over its full measurement range for short time intervals and within a stable environment. Short-term accuracy is usually specified for a 24-hour period and for a ± 1° C temperature range. 90-Day and 1-Year Accuracy These long-term accuracy specifications are valid for a 23° C ± 5° C temperature range.
Index If you have questions related to the operation of this meter, call 1-800-452-4844 in the United States, or contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales Office.
Index C (continued) D (continued) E (continued) conformity, declaration, 295 connections, 17 - 18 2-wire ohms, 20 4-wire ohms, 20 cleaning, 271 computer, 177 dc volts, 19 difference, 49 input, 17 - 18 printer, 106, 179 ratio, 19, 49 resistance, 20 RTD, 21 terminal, 106, 177 thermistor, 21 thermocouple, 22 thermocouple reference, 22 to a terminal or printer, 106 voltage, 19 connector assembly, 272 - 273 cleaning, 271 DB-25, 178 DB-9, 178 part numbers, 273 connector pinout input, 18 RS-232, 106 connector
Index F (continued) I (continued) M front panel comma separator, 95 display format, 26 enable/disable, 94 front panel message, 94 front-panel, 2 at a glance, 2 keys , 2 menu, 3 menu tutorial, 33 - 40 front-panel menu reference, 31 - 32 fuse, 14 - 15 IEEE-488 compliance information, 197 induced voltages, 251 infinity trigger count, 85 INITiate command, 131 injected current noise, 257 input bias current errors, 256 cable, 273 channels, 66, 140 connections, 17 - 18 connector, 272 overload detection, 65 re
Index M (continued) O R Microsoft Excel, 242 - 246 QuickC, 230 - 241 Visual Basic, 223 - 229 Microsoft Excel, 242 - 246 min-max measurements front-panel, 46 offset chart output, 98 - 100 offset compensation, 69, 259 commands, 141 offset voltage, 253 open circuit voltage, 261 operational condition register, 169 operational status register, 169 output buffer, 164 output clamping, 261 output data format, 186 overload, 23, 26, 42, 64 overload detection, 65 overrange, 285 OVLD, 23, 42, 64 rack cabinet, 27
Index R (continued) S (continued) S (continued) resolution, 24, 43 1/2 digit, 24, 26, 43 front-panel keys, 24, 43 half digit, 24, 43 parameters, 129 specification described, 286 revision of frimware, 95 RFI, 250 rollover for chart output, 100 RS-232 adapter kit, 178 commands, 182 connector , 5 connector pinout, 106 interface configuration, 176 - 181 talk only, 106 troubleshooting, 181 RS-232 interface data format, 177 RS-232 interface cables, 106 RTD, 72 connections, 21 described, 264 rubber bumpers rem
Index T (continued) U thermocouple, 73 color code, 269 connections, 22 described, 265 errors, 251, 270 external reference, 270 fixed reference, 270 internal reference, 270 types supported, 269 thresholds for autorange, 23 transducer See thermistor, thermocouple, or RTD transducer types supported, 263 trigger, 151 - 153 autodelay, 89 commands, 154 - 155 delay, 87 delays, 89 number of, 86 TRIGGER 722, 84 trigger count, 86 trigger delay automatic, 87 trigger source, 82 triggering, 80 - 89, 151 delay, 87 flo
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014 Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address: Agilent Technologies, Incorporated th 815 – 14 St. SW Loveland, Colorado 80537 USA Declares, that the product Product Name: Model Number: Product Options: Nano Volt / Micro Ohm Meter 34420A This declaration covers all options of the above product(s).
