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UG_ED5.book Page 2 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Notices © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2005-2012 Warranty No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.
UG_ED5.book Page 3 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Safety Information Do not defeat power cord safety ground feature. Plug in to a grounded (earthed) outlet. Do not use product in any manner not specified by the manufacturer. Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the product. Return the product to an Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.
UG_ED5.book Page 4 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Protection Limits The Agilent 34410A/11A and L4411A Digital Multimeters provide protection circuitry to prevent damage to the instrument and to protect against the danger of electric shock, provided the Protection Limits are not exceeded.
UG_ED5.book Page 5 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Additional Notices Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/EC This product complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking requirement. The affixed product label (see below) indicates that you must not discard this electrical/electronic product in domestic household waste.
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UG_ED5.book Page 7 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A at a Glance The Agilent 34410A, 34411A, and L4411A multimeters provide 6½-digit, high-performance dc and ac measurements. • Voltage and Current Measurements. DC and AC (true-rms). • Resistance Measurements. 2-wire and 4-wire. • Continuity and Diode Testing. • Frequency and Period Measurements. • Capacitance Measurements. • Temperature Measurements. Thermistor and RTD. • Auto and Manual Ranging. • Math Features.
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UG_ED5.book Page 11 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM In This Guide… 1 Quick Start In this chapter you prepare the multimeter for use and become familiar with the most common front-panel operations. 2 Features and Functions In this chapter you will find a detailed description of the multimeter’s capabilities and operation. This chapter presents both front-panel and remote interface operation of the instrument. Note.
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UG_ED5.book Page 13 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeter User’s Guide 1 Quick Start This chapter gives you a quick overview of the 34410A/11A multimeter’s front panel and basic features. The examples will help you become familiar with your meter, its measuring functions, and basic operation.
UG_ED5.book Page 14 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 1 Quick Start Basic Multimeter Operations This section introduces the basics of the 34410A/11A multimeter, and how to use it. N O TE For basic information unique to the L4411A, refer to the L4411A Getting Started Guide (p/n L4411-90001). Preparing the Multimeter for Use To verify that your 34410A or 34411A multimeter is ready for use: 1 Check the list of supplied items. Verify that you have received the following items with your multimeter.
UG_ED5.book Page 15 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Quick Start 1 Using the Front Panel (34410A/11A) This section introduces the 34410A/11A multimeter front panel. Front-Panel Keys The front panel provides keys to select various functions and operations. Pressing a measurement function key (e.g. ) selects that function. Press to enter the configuration menu for the selected measurement function. Most keys have a shifted function printed in blue above the key.
UG_ED5.book Page 16 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 1 Quick Start Front-Panel Display Shortcuts Direct front panel shortcuts are provided for three commonly used display functions: ranging, digit masking, and integration time. Ranging. The multimeter’s manual range can be set directly from the navigation keypad. To manually change the current multimeter range, press or . The ManRng annunciator will light, and the selected range (e.g. 100mV RANGE) will be briefly displayed on the second line.
UG_ED5.book Page 17 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Quick Start 1 Making Basic Measurements (34410A/11A) This section introduces the many types of measurements that you can make with your 34410A/11A multimeter, and how to make connections for each measurement. Most basic measurements can be taken using the factory default settings. A more complete description of all multimeter functions, measurement parameter configuration and remote interface operation is provided in Chapter 2.
UG_ED5.book Page 18 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 1 Quick Start To Measure DC Voltage Press to select the dc voltage function. • Ranges: 100 mV, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V, 1000 V • Configurable parameters: INTEGRATION, RANGE, INPUT Z (input impedance), AUTO ZERO, NULL, and NULL VALUE Connect test leads as shown: DC Voltage To Measure AC Voltage Press to select the ac voltage function.
UG_ED5.book Page 19 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Quick Start 1 To Measure DC Current Press to select the dc current function. • Ranges: 100 mA, 1 mA, 10 mA, 100 mA, 1 A, 3 A • Configurable parameters: INTEGRATION, RANGE, AUTO ZERO, NULL, and NULL VALUE Connect test leads as shown: DC Current To Measure AC Current Press to select the ac current function.
UG_ED5.book Page 20 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 1 Quick Start To Make a 2-Wire Resistance Measurement Press to select the 2-wire resistance function. • Ranges: 100Ω, 1 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 100 kΩ, 1 MΩ, 10 MΩ, 100 MΩ, 1 GΩ • Configurable parameters: INTEGRATION, RANGE, OFFSET COMP, AUTO ZERO, NULL, and NULL VALUE Connect test leads as shown: Resistance To null–out the test lead resistance: 1 Connect one end of the test leads at the meter, and short the probe ends together. 2 Press null.
UG_ED5.book Page 21 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Quick Start 1 To Measure Frequency Press to select the frequency function. • Measurement band: 3 Hz to 300 kHz • Input signal range: 100 mVAC to 750 VAC • Technique: reciprocal counting • Configurable parameters: GATE TIME, RANGE, AC FILTER, NULL and NULL VALUE Connect test leads as shown: AC Signal To Measure Period Press to select the frequency function. Then press PERIOD from the menu. • • • • and select Measurement band: 0.33 s to 3.
UG_ED5.book Page 22 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 1 Quick Start To Measure Capacitance Press to select the capacitance function. • Ranges: 1 nF, 10 nF, 100 nF, 1 mF, 10 mF • Configurable parameters: RANGE, NULL, and NULL VALUE Connect test leads as shown: Capacitance To null–out the test lead capacitance: 1 Disconnect the + lead’s probe end from the test circuit, and leave open. 2 Press null. 3 Reconnect the + lead’s probe end to the test circuit, and measure the corrected capacitance value.
UG_ED5.book Page 23 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Quick Start 1 To Make a 2-Wire Temperature Measurement Press to select the temperature function. Then press and select RTD-2W or THERMISTOR-2W from the menu. • Probe types: 2.2 kΩ, 5 kΩ, 10 kΩ thermistors; 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 24 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 1 Quick Start To Test Continuity Press to select the continuity function. • Test current source: 1 mA • Beeper Threshold: beeps below 10Ω Connect test leads as shown: Open or Closed Circuit To Check Diodes Press to select the diode test function. • Test current source: 1 mA • Beeper Threshold: 0.3V ~ voltagemeasured ~ 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 25 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Quick Start 1 Other Basics of Operation This section covers basic troubleshooting and general use. If the Multimeter Does Not Turn On Use the following steps to help solve problems you might encounter when turning on the multimeter. If you need more help, see the Service Guide for instructions on returning the multimeter to Agilent for service. 1 Verify that there is ac power to the multimeter.
UG_ED5.book Page 26 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 1 Quick Start To Replace the Power-Line Fuse (34410A/11A) Remove power cord first. Then follow these steps: Depress tab (1) and pull fuse holder (2) from rear panel. Remove line-voltage selector from fuse holder assembly. Agilent Part Number 2110-0817 (250 mA, 250V, slow-blow, 5x20mm) Rotate line-voltage selector and reinstall so correct voltage appears in fuse holder window. Replace fuse holder assembly in rear panel.
UG_ED5.book Page 27 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Quick Start 1 To Adjust the Carrying Handle To adjust the position, grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward. Then, rotate the handle to the desired position.
UG_ED5.book Page 28 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 1 Quick Start To Rack Mount the Multimeter (34410A/11A) You can mount the 34410A/11A in a standard 19–inch rack cabinet using the available rack–mount kits. Instructions and mounting hardware are included with each kit. Any Agilent System II (half-width, 2U height) instrument of either the 272.3 mm or the 348.3 mm depth can be rack mounted side–by–side with the 34410A/11A.
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UG_ED5.book Page 33 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Contents True RMS AC Measurements 106 True RMS Accuracy and High–Frequency Signal Content Estimating High–Frequency (Out–of–Band) Error 110 Other Primary Measurement Functions 112 Frequency and Period Measurement Errors DC Current Measurements 112 Capacitance Measurements 113 Temperature Measurements 115 Probe Type Choice 115 2–Wire vs.
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UG_ED5.book Page 37 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 SCPI Commands The Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A complies with the syntax rules and conventions of SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments). N O TE For complete SCPI command syntax information, refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help. This is a standard Windows help system, provided on the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Product Reference CD-ROM that came with your instrument.
UG_ED5.book Page 38 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Front Panel Features (34410A/11A) Front Panel Display The Agilent 34410A/11A provides a two–line, alphanumeric display, with annunciators to indicate certain non–default instrument states. Displayed Messages While taking measurements, the primary display line shows the current reading, with units (for example: “-0.001,02 VDC”). For some functions the second display line can be enabled to display a secondary measurement.
UG_ED5.book Page 39 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 • If the multimeter is in the remote interface mode (Remote annunciator is lit), pressing (Local) once returns the multimeter to local (front panel) operation. • Once you have entered a menu, use the or keys to view and select a menu item from those displayed on the second line. The selected (or default) item is displayed in full brightness (for example, dBM in the menu above).
UG_ED5.book Page 40 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Annunciators There are several annunciators, mostly in a line at the top of the display. Each annunciator lights to indicate a particular non–default meter state: • * A measurement is in progress (the “sample annunciator”). • Hi–Z For DC voltage measurements in the 100 mV, 1 V or 10 V ranges, an input impedance of >10 GΩ is configured.
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UG_ED5.book Page 42 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Front–Panel Display Shortcuts Direct front–panel shortcuts are provided for three commonly used display functions: ranging, digit masking, and integration time. These shortcuts are available only when you are not in a menu. Ranging. The meter range can be set directly from the navigation keypad. • To manually change the range, press or .
UG_ED5.book Page 43 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 • If the multimeter is configured to take the measurement using an aperture integration time, press or to display APERTURE, with the current setting on the second line (for example, 101.005mSEC). You can then use the navigation keypad to change the aperture setting. The and keys have their usual functions.
UG_ED5.book Page 44 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Front Panel Measurement Configuration Menus Each measurement function is configured separately, except for Ω 2W and Ω 4W (which are partially inter–dependent), and frequency and period, (which share a configuration menu). The configuration settings (for example, integration, and range) for each measurement function are retained when switching between functions.
UG_ED5.book Page 45 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Configuring AC Voltage and Current Measurements For ac voltage and ac current measurements, your menu selections are: AC FILTER, RANGE, NULL and NULL VALUE. • AC FILTER: Allows you to select one of three choices (3 HZ : SLOW, 20 HZ : MEDIUM, 200 HZ : FAST). The ac filter allows you to trade off low–frequency bandwidth versus ac settling time.
UG_ED5.book Page 46 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Configuring Frequency and Period Measurements For frequency and period measurements, your menu selections are: CONFIGURE, GATE TIME, RANGE, AC FILTER, NULL and NULL VALUE. • CONFIGURE: Allows you to select either FREQUENCY or PERIOD as the primary measurement. • GATE TIME: Allows you to select one of four choices (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, or 1) for gate time, in seconds.
UG_ED5.book Page 47 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 • NULL: Allows you to enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the null measurement feature, which measures the difference between a stored null value and the input signal. • NULL VALUE: Allows you to view and edit the null value (if enabled). • UNITS: Allows you to select the temperature scale: Celsius (select C), Fahrenheit (select F), or Kelvin (select K).
UG_ED5.book Page 48 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Advanced Configuration Options N O TE The Remote Interface Operation segments within the following topics describes how the instrument feature is used/accessed from a (remote) programming environment. For the L4411A, this represents the only method of accessing the instrument. See the L4411A Getting Started Guide for details.
UG_ED5.book Page 49 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 • Remote Interface Operation: Refer to the MEMory command subsystem in the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax of the commands that store, recall, and name multimeter states from the remote interface. Accessing Reading Memory Reading memory is accessed directly from the remote interface only.
UG_ED5.book Page 50 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions • Remote Interface Operation: The Front/Rear switch is manually switchable only, and cannot be controlled from the remote interface.
UG_ED5.book Page 51 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 DC Measurements Integration Time and Resolution For dc voltage, dc current, resistance, and temperature measurements, the multimeter provides two ways to set integration time, both of which affect the measurement resolution. These are in the number of power–line cycles (NPLCs) and aperture (settable in seconds). NPLC mode.
UG_ED5.book Page 52 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions • Remote Interface Operation: The following commands set the integration time in NPLC: [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:NPLC {< PLCs>>MIN>MAX>DEF} [SENSe:]CURRent[:DC]:NPLC {< PLCs>>MIN>MAX>DEF} [SENSe:]RESistance:NPLC {< PLCs>>MIN>MAX>DEF} [SENSe:]FRESistance:NPLC {< PLCs>>MIN>MAX>DEF} [SENSe:]TEMPerature:NPLC {< PLCs>>MIN>MAX>DEF} Each of these commands also has a query form.
UG_ED5.book Page 53 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 The following command (similar queries for current, resistance and temperature) returns whether aperture mode is enabled: [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:APERture:ENABled? This query returns a “0” (disabled) or “1” (enabled). Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands. DC Input Impedance Applies to dc voltage measurements only.
UG_ED5.book Page 54 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions AC Measurements AC Filter Applies to ac voltage, ac current, frequency, and period measurements only. The multimeter provides three bandwidth (ac signal filter) selections. Set the bandwidth for the lowest frequency you expect to encounter. Note that a lower bandwidth setting results in longer settling times, as shown in the table below.
UG_ED5.book Page 55 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Gate Time Applies to frequency and period measurements only. The multimeter provides four choices of gate time (also called aperture) for frequency or period measurements. The gate time selection affects resolution as shown below. Gate Time Resolution 1 ms 10 ms 100 ms 1s 100 ppm x Range 10 ppm x Range 1 ppm x Range 0.1 ppm x Range • Front Panel Operation: Press CONFIGURE > FREQENCY > GATE TIME and then press .
UG_ED5.book Page 56 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Auto Zero Auto zero is selectable for dc voltage, dc current, 2–wire resistance, and 2-wire temperature measurements only. Auto zero is always enabled for 4–wire resistance or 4–wire temperature measurements. When auto zero is ON (default) the multimeter internally disconnects the input signal immediately following each measurement, and takes a zero reading. It then subtracts the zero reading from the preceding measurement.
UG_ED5.book Page 57 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Ranging Applies to all measurements except continuity and diode test, which use a fixed range. Temperature measurements always use autoranging. You can let the multimeter automatically select the range using autoranging, or you can select a fixed range using manual ranging. Autoranging is convenient because the multimeter automatically selects the appropriate range for sensing and displaying each measurement.
UG_ED5.book Page 58 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions • Remote Interface Operation: Autoranging may be enabled or disabled for the specified function using the following command: SENSe::RANGe:AUTO {OFF>ONCE>0>ON>1} where = VOLTage:DC, VOLTage:AC, CURRent:DC, CURRent:AC, RESistance, FRESistance, or CAPacitance. For = FREQuency or PERiod, the range commands affect the ac signal input voltage range.
UG_ED5.book Page 59 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 The first four readings are taken on the 1 Vdc range, but the autoranging feature switches to the 10 Vdc range for the final reading, which is a 20 percent overload for the 1 Vdc range. This is a typical 6½ digit behavior. For frequency measurements only, the 34410A/11A/L4411A is capable of displaying a full seven digits (for example, “999.980,3 HZ”).
UG_ED5.book Page 60 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions The following command queries the null measurement feature setting: SENSe::NULL[:STATe]? This query returns a “0” (OFF) or “1” (ON).
UG_ED5.book Page 61 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Beeper (34410A/11A) Normally, the multimeter emits a tone from the front panel whenever certain conditions are met (for example, the multimeter beeps when a stable reading is captured in reading hold mode). The beeper is factory set to ON, but may be disabled or enabled manually. • Turning off the beeper does not disable the key click generated when you press a front–panel key.
UG_ED5.book Page 62 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Math Functions In addition to providing a separate null–per–function measurement capability, the multimeter provides four math functions: dB measurements (dB), dBm measurements (dBm), statistics for accumulated readings (STATS), and limit testing (LIMITS). Only one of these math functions can be enabled at a time (in addition to the null measurement), and remains in effect until you turn it off or change it.
UG_ED5.book Page 63 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 dB Measurements Applies to ac voltage and dc voltage measurements only. Each dB measurement is the difference between the input signal and a stored relative value, with both values converted to dBm. dB = reading in dBm – relative value in dBm • The relative value can take any value between 0 dBm and ± 200.0 dBm. The default relative value is 0 dBm.
UG_ED5.book Page 64 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions dBm Measurements Applies to ac voltage and dc voltage measurements only. The dBm function is logarithmic, and is based on a calculation of power delivered to a reference resistance, relative to 1 milliwatt. dBm = 10 x log 10 (reading 2 / reference resistance / 1 mW ) • You can choose from several reference resistance values: 50, 75, 93, 110, 124, 125, 135, 150, 250, 300, 500, 600, 800, 900, 1000, 1200, or 8000 (ohms).
UG_ED5.book Page 65 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Using Statistics Applies to all measurement functions except continuity and diode test. From the front panel, you can view the following statistical data for any set of readings: average or mean (AVG), maximum (MAX), minimum (MIN), standard deviation (SDEV), and number of samples taken (COUNT). From the remote interface you can read all of these, plus the peak–to–peak (MAX – MIN) value.
UG_ED5.book Page 66 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Limit Testing Applies to all measurement functions except continuity and diode test. The limit test function (LIMITS) enables you to perform pass/fail testing to upper and lower limits that you specify. You can set the upper and lower limits to any value between 0 and ±120% of the highest range, for the present function. The upper limit you select must be a more positive number than the lower limit.
UG_ED5.book Page 67 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Triggering the Multimeter The 34410A/11A/L4411A triggering system allows you to generate triggers either manually or automatically, take multiple readings per trigger, and insert a delay before each reading. The 34411A/L4411A also allows you to set a level for internal triggering, and to set up pre-triggering. Selecting a Trigger Source Specify the source from which the multimeter will accept a trigger.
UG_ED5.book Page 68 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Auto Triggering (34410A/11A) This mode is available from the front panel only. The power–on trigger default mode for the multimeter is front panel operation, in auto trigger mode. • Auto triggering takes continuous readings at the fastest rate possible for the specified measurement configuration (function, range, resolution, and so forth).
UG_ED5.book Page 69 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Reading Hold (34410A/11A) This mode is available from the front panel only. The reading hold mode allows you to capture and hold a stable reading on the front panel display. This is useful in situations when you want to take a reading, remove the test probes, and have the reading remain on the display.
UG_ED5.book Page 70 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Software (Bus) Triggering This mode is available from the remote interface only. The bus trigger mode corresponds in function to pressing the key from the front panel, except that the trigger is initiated by sending a bus trigger command, after selecting BUS as the trigger source.
UG_ED5.book Page 71 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Number of Samples per Trigger By default, when the multimeter is in the wait–for–trigger state, it takes one reading (or sample) each time you trigger the multimeter. You can, however, instruct the multimeter to take up to 50,000 readings (up to 1 million for the 34411A/L4411A) each time a trigger is initiated, whether from the front panel or remote interface.
UG_ED5.book Page 72 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions • Remote Interface Operation: The following commands set the sample count (must be >1) and pre–trigger sample count: SAMPle:COUNt {|MIN|MAX|DEF} SAMPle:COUNt:PRETrigger {>MIN>MAX|DEF} Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for this command.
UG_ED5.book Page 73 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 If the multimeter is configured to take more than one sample per trigger, the effect of the trigger delay on subsequent samples depends on the sample source setting. Refer to the SAMPle:SOURce command description in the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a detailed description.
UG_ED5.book Page 74 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Range 2–wire Resistance Measurements: Trigger Delay Trigger Delay Trigger Delay (for ≤0.02 PLC) (for 0.06 or 0.2 PLC) (for ≥ 1 PLC) 100 Ω 80 μs 100 μs 130 μs 1 kΩ 110 μs 130 μs 160 μs 10 kΩ 130 μs 160 μs 190 μs 100 kΩ 540 μs 670 μs 800 μs 1 MΩ 5.0 ms 6.0 ms 7.5 ms 10 MΩ – 1GΩ 60 ms 70 ms 84 ms Range 4–wire Resistance Measurements Trigger Delay Trigger Delay Trigger Delay (for ≤0.
UG_ED5.book Page 75 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions N O TE 2 Temperature is measured using the 2–wire or 4–wire resistance function. The above tables for resistance apply to temperature, but all temperature measurements use autoranging. The range in use cannot be predicted; thus, nor can the delay. Use the TRIGger:DELay? command to query the actual trigger delay for a temperature measurement.
UG_ED5.book Page 76 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions • Front Panel Operation: The external trigger mode corresponds in function to pressing the key from the front panel, except that you apply the trigger signal to the Ext Trig connector.
UG_ED5.book Page 77 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Trigger Slope You may select whether the multimeter uses the rising edge (POS) or falling edge (NEG) of the external trigger signal to trigger a reading, or (independently) for the voltmeter complete output signal. The default for both is NEG.
UG_ED5.book Page 78 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Data Logging The Data Logger feature (34410A/11A only) provides a front–panel user interface that allows you to set up data logging into the instrument’s non–volatile memory without programming, and without a connection to a computer. Once you have finished collecting data, you can view it from the front panel, or you can then connect your computer and import the data.
UG_ED5.book Page 79 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 • After the specified delay, the main display will show the data as it is collected, while the second display line shows a progress bar and the current count (down). • The multimeter will continue taking readings until the specified count or duration has been reached, unless the data logger is stopped manually. After the programmed count or duration has been reached, the display will show SAVING READINGS, then LOGGING COMPLETE.
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UG_ED5.book Page 81 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Now click on View Data. In the dialog, select Non–volatile Memory Readings and then click on Get Data to view the logged data: From this window, you can select and copy (see Web Interface Help) the data into another application using the Microsoft® Windows® clipboard. In the example below, the data has been pasted from the clipboard directly into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.
UG_ED5.book Page 82 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions System-Related Operations The utility menu accesses the following system–related operations: self–test, display of error conditions, calibration, and instrument information. These features are described in the subsections that follow. The utility menu is also used to access the following three menus: • REMOTE I/O menu (see Chapter 3, “Remote Interface Configuration” for a complete description of the remote interface features).
UG_ED5.book Page 83 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Error Conditions When the front panel ERROR annunciator turns on (34410A/11A), one or more command syntax or hardware errors have been detected. A record of up to 20 errors can be stored in the instrument’s error queue. • The instrument (34410A/11A) beeps once each time a command syntax or hardware error is generated. • Each remote interface I/O session (for example, GPIB, USB, LAN) has its own interface–specific error queue.
UG_ED5.book Page 84 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions Reading the Error Queue You can read the error queue either from the front panel, or from the remote interface. • Front Panel Operation: Press UTILITY MENU > SCPI ERRORS Scroll through the errors using the navigation keypad. Press all errors from the queue. to clear • Remote Interface Operation: The following command reads and clears one error from the error queue in first–in–first–out order.
UG_ED5.book Page 85 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Features and Functions 2 Power-On and Reset State The tables that follow show the factory defaults for various instrument settings. The parameters marked with a bullet (● ) are stored in non–volatile memory, and are not affected by power–on or a system reset. For those parameters, the initial factory settings are shown.
UG_ED5.book Page 86 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 2 Features and Functions System–Related Operations ● Thousands Separator (34410A/11A) Display State (34410A/11A) Reading Memory Error Queue ● Stored States ● Calibration State Factory Setting ● On On Cleared Cleared at Power–On.
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UG_ED5.book Page 88 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 3 Remote Interface Configuration This chapter tells how to configure the Agilent 34410A/11A for remote interface communication. For additional information, refer to the: • Agilent USB/LAN/GPIB Connectivity Guide for interface configuration and troubleshooting information. This manual is found on the Agilent Automation–Ready CD–ROM or at www.agilent.com/find/connectivity.
UG_ED5.book Page 89 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Remote Interface Configuration 3 Configuring the GPIB Interface Each device on the GPIB (IEEE–488) interface must have a unique address. You can set the multimeter’s address to any integral value between 0 and 30. The address is set to “22” when the instrument is shipped from the factory. • Your computer’s GPIB interface card has its own address. Be sure to avoid using that address for any instrument on the interface bus.
UG_ED5.book Page 90 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 3 Remote Interface Configuration Configuring the USB Interface For the USB interface, no configuration parameters are required to set up the multimeter. Connect your multimeter to a USB port on your computer. Note that it may take several seconds for the computer to recognize and establish a connection to the multimeter.
UG_ED5.book Page 91 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Remote Interface Configuration 3 Configuring the LAN Interface By default, LAN connectivity with DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is enabled on the 34410A/11A. In many cases you can simply let DHCP assign the necessary parameters for a LAN connection. However, you can also turn off DHCP and set parameters manually. LAN Parameters You may choose to manually set the following parameters, as described in the subsections that follow.
UG_ED5.book Page 92 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 3 Remote Interface Configuration Configuring LAN Parameters DHCP DHCP is a protocol for automatically assigning a dynamic IP address, subnet mask and default gateway to a device on a network, and is typically the easiest way to configure your multimeter for remote communication using the LAN interface. • Changing the DHCP setting will cause an automatic LAN restart.
UG_ED5.book Page 93 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Remote Interface Configuration 3 IP Address An Internet Protocol (IP) Address is required for all IP and TCP/IP communications with the instrument. If DHCP is enabled (factory setting), the specified static IP address is not used. However, if the DHCP server fails to assign a valid IP address, or if DHCP and Auto–IP are both off, the currently configured static IP address will be used. • Changing the IP address will cause an automatic LAN reset.
UG_ED5.book Page 94 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 3 Remote Interface Configuration Default Gateway A Default Gateway address allows the multimeter to communicate with systems that are not on the local subnet. Thus, this is the Default Gateway where packets are sent which are destined for a device not on the local subnet, as determined by the Subnet Mask setting. Contact your network administrator to determine if a gateway is being used and for the correct address.
UG_ED5.book Page 95 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Remote Interface Configuration 3 DNS Server The Domain Name Service (DNS) is an Internet service that translates Domain names into IP addresses. Contact your network administrator to determine if DNS is being used and for the correct address. • If you change the DNS address, you must cycle power on the multimeter to activate the new setting. • The default DNS Address for the multimeter is “0.0.0.0”.
UG_ED5.book Page 96 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 3 Remote Interface Configuration Setting up a LAN connection from the Front Panel Press UTILITY MENU > REMOTE I/O > LAN > ENABLE LAN? > LAN SETTINGS > VIEW | MODIFY N O TE If you disable or re–enable the LAN interface, or any of the LAN services, you must cycle the power on the instrument to activate the new configuration. Other settings are activated by a LAN restart when you exit the LAN menu. • Select VIEW to view the current LAN settings.
UG_ED5.book Page 97 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Remote Interface Configuration 3 Setting up a LAN connection from the Remote Interface Use the following SCPI commands to configure the LAN interface. N O TE If you disable or re–enable the LAN interface, you must cycle the power for the change to take effect. You must also cylcle power when you disable or re–enable any of the LAN services, or change any LAN settings from the remote interface using SCPI commands.
UG_ED5.book Page 98 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 3 Remote Interface Configuration Agilent 34410A/11A Web Interface The 34410A/11A provides a built–in Web Interface. You can use this interface over LAN for remote access and control of the multimeter using a Java–enabled Web browser, such as Microsoft® Internet Explorer. To access and use the 34410A/11A Web Interface: 1 Establish a LAN interface connection from your computer to the multimeter. 2 Open your computer’s Web browser.
UG_ED5.book Page 99 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeter User’s Guide 4 Measurement Tutorial The Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A multimeter is capable of making highly accurate measurements. In order to achieve the greatest accuracy, you must take the necessary steps to eliminate potential measurement errors. This chapter describes common errors found in measurements and gives suggestions to help you avoid these errors.
UG_ED5.book Page 100 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial Other Primary Measurement Functions 112 Frequency and Period Measurement Errors 112 DC Current Measurements 112 Capacitance Measurements 113 Temperature Measurements 115 Probe Type Choice 115 2–Wire vs.
UG_ED5.book Page 101 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Measurement Tutorial 4 DC Measurement Considerations Thermal EMF Errors Thermoelectric voltages are the most common source of error in low–level dc voltage measurements. Thermoelectric voltages are generated when you make circuit connections using dissimilar metals at different temperatures. Each metal–to–metal junction forms a thermocouple, which generates a voltage proportional to the junction temperature.
UG_ED5.book Page 102 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial Noise Rejection Rejecting Power–Line Noise Voltages A desirable characteristic of integrating analog–to–digital (A/D) converters is their ability to reject power–line related noise present with dc input signals. This is called normal mode noise rejection, or NMR. The multimeter achieves NMR by measuring the average dc input by "integrating" it over a fixed period.
UG_ED5.book Page 103 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Measurement Tutorial 4 Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops If you are making measurements near magnetic fields, take caution to avoid inducing voltages in the measurement connections. You should be especially careful when working near conductors carrying large currents. Use twisted–pair connections to the multimeter to reduce the noise pickup loop area, or dress the test leads as close together as possible.
UG_ED5.book Page 104 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial Resistance Measurement Considerations The multimeter offers two methods for measuring resistance: 2–wire and 4–wire ohms. For both methods, the test current flows from the input HI terminal and then through the resistor being measured. For 2–wire ohms, the voltage drop across the resistor being measured is sensed internal to the multimeter. Therefore, test lead resistance is also measured.
UG_ED5.book Page 105 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Measurement Tutorial 4 Removing Test Lead Resistance Errors To eliminate offset errors associated with the test lead resistance in 2–wire ohms measurements, follow the steps below. 1 Short the ends of the test leads together. The multimeter displays the test lead resistance. 2 Press . The multimeter will store the test lead resistance as the 2–wire ohms null value, and enable that value to be subtracted from subsequent measurements.
UG_ED5.book Page 106 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial True RMS AC Measurements True rms responding multimeters, like the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A, measure the "heating" potential of an applied voltage. Power dissipated in a resistor is proportional to the square of an applied voltage, independent of the waveshape of the signal.
UG_ED5.book Page 107 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Measurement Tutorial 4 An ac–coupled true rms measurement is desirable when you are measuring small ac signals in the presence of large dc offsets. For example, this situation is common when measuring ac ripple present on dc power supplies. There are situations, however, where you might want to know the ac+dc true rms value.
UG_ED5.book Page 108 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial On the following page, the first figure shows the Fourier Integral of two very different pulses: one of broad width (200 μs); the other narrow (6.7 μs). The second figure is an approximation of the shape of the input frequency response of the 34410A/11A/L4411A.
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UG_ED5.book Page 110 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial Estimating High–Frequency (Out–of–Band) Error A common way to describe signal waveshapes is to refer to their “Crest Factor”. Crest factor is the ratio of the peak value to rms value of a waveform. For a pulse train, for example, the crest factor is approximately equal to the square root of the inverse of the duty cycle.
UG_ED5.book Page 111 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Measurement Tutorial 4 The following table shows the typical error for various pulse waveforms as a function of input pulse frequency: prf 200 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000 50000 100000 Typical error for square wave, triangular wave, and pulse trains of CF=3, 5, or 10 square wave triangle wave CF=3 CF=5 CF=10 –0.02% 0.00% –0.04% –0.09% –0.34% –0.07% 0.00% –0.18% –0.44% –1.71% –0.14% 0.00% –0.34% –0.88% –3.52% –0.34% 0.00% –0.84% –2.29% –8.34% –0.68% 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 112 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial Other Primary Measurement Functions Frequency and Period Measurement Errors The multimeter uses a reciprocal counting technique to measure frequency and period. This method generates constant measurement resolution for any input frequency. The multimeter's ac voltage measurement section performs input signal conditioning. All frequency counters are susceptible to errors when measuring low–voltage, low–frequency signals.
UG_ED5.book Page 113 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Measurement Tutorial 4 Capacitance Measurements The multimeter implements capacitance measurements by applying a known current to the capacitor as shown below: An Illustration of the response curve while charging is shown below: Capacitance is calculated by measuring the change in voltage (DV) that occurs over a “short aperture” time, (Dt). This measurement is repeated at two different times during the exponential rise that occurs.
UG_ED5.book Page 114 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial The measurement cycle consists of two parts: a charge phase (shown in the graph) and a discharge phase. The time–constant during the discharge phase is longer, due to a 100 kΩ protective resistor in the measurement path. This time–constant plays an important role in the resultant reading rate (measurement time).
UG_ED5.book Page 115 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Measurement Tutorial 4 Temperature Measurements The multimeter allows the measurement of temperature by measurement of the temperature sensitive resistance of two different "Probe" types: the resistance temperature detector (RTD) of 0.00385/oC; and thermistors of 2.2 KΩ, 5 KΩ, or 10 KΩ).
UG_ED5.book Page 116 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial Auto Zero On/Off Enabling the auto zero feature (ON) provides greater accuracy; however, the additional measurement (of zero) reduces the reading speed. Integration There are two methods of integrating the sampled data taken in the measurement, NPLC's and Aperture. NPLC's sets the number of power line cycles in the gating of the measurement. The range of choices for NPLC includes 0.001 and 0.002 (for 34411A/L4411A), 0.006, 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 117 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Measurement Tutorial 4 High-Speed Measurements Making High–Speed AC Measurements The multimeter's ac voltage and ac current functions implement three low–frequency filters. These filters allow you to trade–off minimum measured frequency for faster reading speed. The FAST filter settles in 0.025 seconds, and is useful for frequencies above 200 Hz. The MEDIUM filter settles in 0.625 seconds for voltage and 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 118 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial For ac voltage, additional settling time may be required when the dc level varies from sample to sample. The default sample delays allow for a dc level change of 3% of range for all filters. If the dc level change exceeds these levels, additional settling time is required. The multimeter's dc blocking circuitry has a settling time constant of 0.2 seconds.
UG_ED5.book Page 119 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Measurement Tutorial 4 Other Sources of Measurement Error Settling Time Effects The multimeter has the ability to insert automatic measurement settling delays. These delays are adequate for resistance measurements with less than 200 pF of combined cable and device capacitance. This is particularly important if you are measuring resistances above 100 kΩ. Settling due to RC time constant effects can be quite long.
UG_ED5.book Page 120 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial Measurements Below Full Scale You can make the most accurate ac measurements when the multimeter is at or near the full scale of the selected range. Autoranging occurs at 10% (down–range) and 120% (up–range) of full scale. This enables you to measure some inputs at full scale on one range and 10% of full scale on the next higher range.
UG_ED5.book Page 121 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Measurement Tutorial 4 susceptible to noise pickup than a low–impedance source. You can reduce the high–frequency impedance of a source by placing a capacitor in parallel with the multimeter's input terminals. You may have to experiment to determine the correct capacitor value for your application. Most extraneous noise is not correlated with the input signal. You can determine the error as shown below.
UG_ED5.book Page 122 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 4 Measurement Tutorial Common Mode Errors Errors are generated when the multimeter's input LO terminal is driven with an ac voltage relative to earth. The most common situation where unnecessary common mode voltages are created is when the output of an ac calibrator is connected to the multimeter "backwards." Ideally, a multimeter reads the same regardless of how the source is connected.
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UG_ED5.book Page 124 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 5 Specifications These specifications apply when using the 34410A/11A/L4411A multimeter in an environment that is free of electromagnetic interference and electrostatic charge. When using the multimeter in an environment where electromagnetic interference or significant electrostatic charge is present, measurement accuracy may be reduced.
UG_ED5.book Page 125 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Specifications 5 DC Characteristics Accuracy Specifications ±( % of reading + % of range ) [1] Function Range [3] DC 100.0000 mV 1.000000 V 10.00000 V 100.0000 V 1000.000 V [5] Test Current or Burden Voltage 24 Hour [2] TCAL ± 1 °C 90 Day TCAL ± 5 °C 1 Year TCAL ± 5 °C Temperature Coefficient/°C 0 °C to (TCAL – 5 °C) (TCAL + 5 °C) to 55 °C 0.0030+0.0030 0.0020+0.0006 0.0015+0.0004 0.0020+0.0006 0.0020+0.0006 0.0040+0.0035 0.0030+0.0007 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 126 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 5 Specifications Performance Versus Integration Time – 60Hz (50Hz) Power line frequency RMS Noise Adder % range [4] Integration Time Number of Power Line Cycles (NPLC) 0.001 [6] 0.002 [6] 0.006 0.02 0.06 0.2 1 2 10 100 Resolution ppm Range [1] NMR db [2] Readings / Second [3] DCV 10, 1000 V DCV 1, 100 V Resistance 1K, 10K ohm DCV 0.1 V Resistance 100 ohm DCI 1 amp 0.1000 0.0100 0 0.0060 30 50,000 0.0600 0.0060 0 0.0030 15 25,000 0.0600 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 127 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Specifications 5 DC Voltage Measurement Method: 10 VDC Linearity: Input Resistance: 0.1 V, 1 V, 10 V Ranges 100 V, 1000 V Ranges Input Bias Current: Input Terminals: Input Protection: DC CMRR Continuously integrating multi–slope IV A/D converter 0.0002% of reading + 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 128 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 5 Specifications AC Characteristics Accuracy Specifications ±( % of reading + % of range ) [1] Function Range [3] Frequency Range 24 Hour [2] TCAL ± 1 °C 90 Day TCAL ± 5 °C 1 Year TCAL ± 5 °C Temperature Coefficient/°C 0 °C to (TCAL – 5 °C) (TCAL + 5 °C) to 55 °C 0.50 + 0.02 0.10 + 0.02 0.02 + 0.02 0.05 + 0.04 0.20 + 0.08 1.00 + 0.50 0.50 + 0.03 0.10 + 0.03 0.05 + 0.03 0.09 + 0.05 0.30 + 0.08 1.20 + 0.50 0.50 + 0.03 0.10 + 0.03 0.06 + 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 129 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Specifications 5 Voltage Transfer Accuracy ( typical ) Frequency 10 Hz to 300 kHz Conditions: Error (24 hour % of range + % of reading)/5 - Sinewave input only using slow filter. - Within 10 minutes and ±0.5 °C. - Within ±10% of initial voltage and ±1% of initial frequency. - Following a 2–hour warm–up. - Fixed range between 10% and 100% of full scale (and <120 V).
UG_ED5.book Page 130 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 5 Specifications Frequency and Period Characteristics Accuracy Specifications ±( % of reading ) [ 1, 3 ] Function Range Frequency Range 24 Hour [2] TCALC ± 1 °C 90 Day TCAL ± 5 °C 1 Year TCAL ± 5 °C Temperature Coefficient 0 °C to (TCAL – 5 °C) (TCAL + 5 °C) to 55 °C Frequency Period 100 mV to 750 V 3 Hz – 5 Hz 5 Hz – 10 Hz 10 Hz – 40 Hz 40 Hz – 300 kHz 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.005 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.006 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 131 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Specifications 5 Frequency and Period Measurement Type: Input Impedance: Input Protection: Reciprocal–counting technique. AC–coupled input using the AC voltage measurement function. 1 MΩ ±2%, in parallel with <150 pF 750 V rms all ranges Measurement Considerations All frequency counters are susceptible to error when measuring low–voltage, low–frequency signals.
UG_ED5.book Page 132 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 5 Specifications Capacitance Characteristics Accuracy Specifications ±( % of reading + % of range ) [1] Function Range [2] Test Current 24 Hour/90 Day/ 1 Year TCAL ± 5 °C Temperature Coefficient 0 °C to (TCAL – 5 °C) (TCAL + 5 °C) to 55 °C 0.05 + 0.05 0.50 + 0.50 500 nA 1 nF 0.05 + 0.01 0.40 + 0.10 1 µA 10 nF 0.01 + 0.01 0.40 + 0.10 10 µA 100 nF 0.01 + 0.01 0.40 + 0.10 100 µA 1 µF 0.01 + 0.01 0.40 + 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 133 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Specifications 5 Additional 34411A/L4411A Specifications Resolution Overall Bandwidth, DCV and DCI Triggering Timebase Resolution Trigger Jitter External Trigger Latency Internal Trigger Level Accuracy See table on page 126 15 kHz typical @ 20 µs aperture (–3 dB) Pre or Post, Internal or External, Positive or Negative 19.9524 µs, 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 134 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 5 Specifications Measurement and System Speeds DMM Measurements Speeds Direct I/O Measurements [1] Single Reading – Measure and I/O Time Function Resolution (NPLC) DCV (10 V Range) 0.001 [2] 0.0026 0.0029 0.0046 0.0032 50000 0.006 0.0026 0.0029 0.0046 0.0032 10000 0.06 0.0031 0.0032 0.0047 0.0040 1000 1 0.0190 0.0190 0.0200 0.0190 60 Slow Filter 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 50 Medium Filter 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 135 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Specifications 5 Direct I/O Measurements [1] (any remote interface) Sustained maximum reading rate to I/O, 32–bit BINARY data ("SAMP:COUN 50000;:R?") Function Resolution (NPLC) rdgs/Sec DCV 0.001 0.006 50000 (34411A/L4411A) 10000 ACV Fast Filter 500 2–Wire Ω 0.001 0.006 50000 (34411A/L4411A) 10000 4–Wire Ω 0.001 0.
UG_ED5.book Page 136 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 5 Specifications Data From Memory Maximum reading rate out of memory (Sample count 50000, trigger count 1, "FETC?" or "R?") Readings ASCII GPIB rdg/Sec USB 2.
UG_ED5.book Page 137 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Specifications 5 General Specifications (L4411A) Power supply: Power line frequency: Power consumption: Operating Environment: Storage environment: Dimensions (H x W x L): Weight: Display: Safety: EMC: Warranty: Universal 100V to 240V ±10% 45 Hz to 440 Hz +/- 10% automatically sensed 50 VA peak (18W average) Full accuracy for 0 °C to 55 °C Full accuracy to 80% R.H. at 40 °C -40 °C to 70 °C 40.9 x 212.3 x 363.2 mm 1.61 x 8.36 x 14.3 in 1.9 kg, 4.
UG_ED5.book Page 138 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 5 Specifications Dimensions 212.3 40.9 363.
UG_ED5.book Page 139 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Specifications 5 To Calculate Total Measurement Error The multimeter's accuracy specifications are expressed in the form: ( % of reading + % of range ). In addition to the reading error and range error, you may need to add additional errors for certain operating conditions. Check the list below to make sure you include all measurement errors for a given function.
UG_ED5.book Page 140 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 5 Specifications Understanding the " % of range " Error The range error compensates for inaccuracies that result from the function and range you select. The range error contributes a constant error, expressed as a percent of range, independent of the input signal level. The following table shows the range error applied to the multimeter's 24–hour dc voltage specification.
UG_ED5.book Page 141 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Specifications 5 Interpreting Accuracy Specifications Transfer Accuracy Transfer accuracy refers to the error introduced by the multimeter due to noise and short–term drift. This error becomes apparent when comparing two nearly–equal signals for the purpose of "transferring" the known accuracy of one device to the other.
UG_ED5.book Page 142 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM 5 Specifications Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements The measurement configurations shown below assume that the multimeter is in its power–on or reset state. It is also assumed that auto–ranging is enabled to ensure proper full scale range selection. DC Voltage, DC Current, and Resistance Measurements: • Select NPLC and 100 (NPLCs) for INTEGRATION.
UG_ED5.book Page 143 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeter User’s Guide A Appendix: Firmware and Driver Updates Firmware and (IVI-COM) driver updates for the 34410A/11A multimeters are available via the Web. This section contains information for locating and downloading the updates to your computer.
UG_ED5.book Page 144 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM A Appendix: Firmware and Driver Updates Downloading the Update Utility and Firmware Agilent 34410A/11A firmware updates are installed in the instrument using the Agilent Firmware Update Utility. The utility and firmware file can be found on the Web at: www.agilent.com/find/34410A or www.agilent.com/find/34411A Once this page is displayed, click on ‘Technical Support’ under the heading “More Details”.
UG_ED5.book Page 145 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Appendix: Firmware and Driver Updates N O TE A Depending on the interface to the 34410A or 34411A, the firmware update utility will require the instrument’s LAN address, GPIB address, or USB address/alias. Note this address before starting the utility. 1. From the directory where the update utility was installed, start the utility by selecting FirmwareUpdateUtility.exe. Select ‘Next’ until the window shown in Figure A-1 appears. Figure A-1.
UG_ED5.book Page 146 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM A Appendix: Firmware and Driver Updates N O TE The ‘Applicable Model’ window lists the instruments which may be updated by the specified firmware (.xs) image. The window is not used to select the instrument receiving the firmware update. 3. Select the I/O interface to the instrument and then select ‘Next’. Enter the machine name, IP address, GPIB address, or Alias,... as prompted (Figure A-2). Select ‘Update’ to start the update process.
UG_ED5.book Page 147 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM Appendix: Firmware and Driver Updates A Downloading IVI-COM Driver Updates An IVI-COM driver for the 34410A/11A is provided on the Product Reference CD-ROM (p/n 34410-13601). Updates to the IVI-COM driver can be found on the Web at: www.agilent.com/find/34410A or www.agilent.com/find/34411A Once this page is displayed, click on ‘Technical Support’ under the heading “More Details”.
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