User’s Guide Publication Number 54622-97036 September 2002 For Safety Information and Regulatory information, see the pages behind the Index.
The Oscilloscopes at a Glance Choose from a variety of oscilloscopes for capturing long, non-repeating signals with 200 MSa/s sample rate and 2 MBytes of MegaZoom deep memory per channel.
In This Book This manual will guide you in using the oscilloscopes. This manual is organized in the following chapters: Chapter 1 Getting Started—inspecting, cleaning, and setting up your oscilloscope, using Quick Help. Chapter 2 Front-panel Overview—A quick start guide to get you familiarize you with the front-panel operation. Chapter 3 Triggering the Oscilloscope—how to trigger the oscilloscope using all the various modes.
iv
Contents 1 Getting Started Setting up the Oscilloscope 1-4 To inspect package contents 1-5 To inspect options and accessories 1-8 To clean the oscilloscope 1-11 To adjust the handle 1-12 To power-on the oscilloscope 1-13 To adjust the waveform intensity 1-14 To connect the oscilloscope analog probes 1-15 To compensate your analog probe 1-16 To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) To connect a printer 1-21 To connect an RS-232 cable 1-21 To verify basic oscilloscope operation 1-22 Gett
Contents To set analog channel probe attenuation factor 2-17 To display and rearrange the digital channels 2-18 To operate the time base controls 2-19 To start and stop an acquisition 2-20 To make a single acquisition 2-20 To use delayed sweep 2-21 To make cursor measurements 2-22 To make automatic measurements 2-23 To modify the display grid 2-24 To print the display 2-24 3 Triggering the Oscilloscope Selecting Trigger Modes and Conditions 3-3 To select the Mode and Coupling menu 3-3 To select a trigge
Contents 4 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation MegaZoom Concepts 4-3 Deep Memory 4-4 Oscilloscope Responsiveness 4-5 Display Update Rate 4-6 To setup the Analog channels 4-7 To setup the Horizontal time base 4-11 Acquisition Modes 4-17 Display modes 4-21 Pan and Zoom 4-23 To pan and zoom a waveform 4-24 Run/Stop/Single/Infinite Persistence Operation 4-25 Acquiring Data 4-26 Memory Depth/Record Length 4-27 To run and stop an acquisition 4-28 To take a single trace 4-28 To capture a single even
Contents Saving and Recalling Traces and Setups 4-48 To Autosave traces and setups 4-49 To save traces and setups to internal memory or to overwrite an existing floppy disk file 4-50 To save traces and setups to a new file on the floppy disk 4-51 To recall traces and setups 4-52 Saving (printing) screen images to floppy disk 4-53 Recalling the factory default setup 4-54 5 Making Measurements Capturing Data 5-3 To use delayed sweep 5-4 To reduce the random noise on a signal 5-6 To capture glitches or n
Contents 6 Utilities To configure Quick Help languages 6-3 To update your instrument to the latest application software To configure a printer 6-6 To use the floppy disk 6-8 To set up the I/O port to use a controller 6-9 To set the clock 6-11 To set up the screen saver 6-12 To perform service functions 6-14 To set other options 6-16 6-5 7 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics 7-3 Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics 7-13 Contents-5
Contents-6
1 Getting Started
Getting Started When you use the oscilloscopes to help test and troubleshoot your systems, you may do the following: • Prepare the oscilloscope by connecting it to power and setting up the handle and screen intensity as desired. • Define the measurement problem by understanding the parameters of the system you wish to test, and the expected system behavior. • Set up channel inputs by connecting the probes to the appropriate signal and ground nodes in the circuit under test.
Getting Started The oscilloscope’s high-speed display can be used to isolate infrequently changing signals. You can then use the characteristics of these signals to help refine the trigger specification. For more information on triggering, data acquisition, data examination and measurement, and configuration, see the later chapters.
Setting up the Oscilloscope To prepare your oscilloscope for use, you need to do the following tasks. After you have completed them, you will be ready to use the oscilloscope.
Getting Started To inspect package contents To inspect package contents ❏ Inspect the shipping container for damage. If your shipping container appears to be damaged, keep the shipping container or cushioning material until you have inspected the contents of the shipment for completeness and have checked the oscilloscope mechanically and electrically. ❏ Verify that you received the following items and any optional accessories in the oscilloscope packaging (see figure following).
Getting Started To inspect package contents • Agilent IntuiLink Data Capture (all except for 54621A or 21D) IntuiLink Data Capture is a standalone program for downloading waveform data from the oscilloscopes to your PC via GPIB or RS-232 interface. It provides the capability to transfer deep memory data out of the oscilloscope, allowing up to 4MB (scope channels) and 8MB (logic channels).
Getting Started To inspect package contents 54620-68701 digital probe kit* 54620/40-Series Oscilloscope 54620-61801 16-channel cable*** 5959-9334 2” Probe ground lead (qty 5) Accessories pouch and front-panel cover** 5090-4833 Grabber (qty 20) Power cord IntuiLink for 54600-series software, Data Capture software and serial cable** 10073C or 10074C Probes s s1 * 54621D /22D/41D/42D only ** All except 54621A/21D *** The following additional replacement parts (not included) are available for the di
Getting Started To inspect options and accessories To inspect options and accessories ❏ Verify that you received the options and accessories you ordered and that none were damaged. If anything is missing, contact your nearest Agilent Sales Office. If the shipment was damaged, or the cushioning materials show signs of stress, notify the carrier and your Agilent Sales Office. Some of the options and accessories available for the 54620/40-Series Oscilloscopes are listed in tables 1-1 and 1-2.
Getting Started To inspect options and accessories Table 1-2 Accessories available Model Description 01650-61607 16:16 logic cable and terminator (for use with 54621D/22D/41D/42D) 54620-68701 16:2 x 8 logic input probe assembly (shipped standard with 54621D/22D/41D/42D) 1146A Current probe, ac/dc 1183A Testmobile scope cart 1185A Carrying Case 1186A Rackmount Kit 10070C 1:1 Passive Probe with ID 10072A Fine-pitch probe kit 10075A 0.
Getting Started To inspect options and accessories Table 1-3. Power Cords Plug Type Cable Part Number Plug Type Cable Part Number Opt 900 (U.K.) 8120-1703 Opt 918 (Japan) 8120-4754 Opt 901 (Australia) 8120-0696 Opt 919 (Israel) 8120-6799 Opt 902 (Europe) 8120-1692 Opt 920 (Argentina) 8120-6871 Opt 903 (U.S.A.
Getting Started To clean the oscilloscope To clean the oscilloscope 1 Disconnect power from the instrument. CAUTION Do not use too much liquid in cleaning the oscilloscope. Water can enter the front-panel keyboard, control knobs, or floppy disk damaging sensitive electronic components. 2 Clean the oscilloscope with a soft cloth dampened with a mild soap and water solution. 3 Make sure that the instrument is completely dry before reconnecting to a power source.
Getting Started To adjust the handle To adjust the handle 1 Grasp the handle pivot points on each side of the instrument and pull the pivot out until it stops. Agilent 54622D MIXED SIGNAL OSCILLOSCOPE CHANNEL Time/Div Select 1s 0 5 ns 15 INPUTS 2 Without releasing the pivots, swivel the handle to the desired position. Then release the pivots. Continue pivoting the handle until it clicks into a set position.
Getting Started To power-on the oscilloscope To power-on the oscilloscope 1 Connect the power cord to the rear of the oscilloscope, then to a suitable ac voltage source. The oscilloscope power supply automatically adjusts for input line voltages in the range 100 to 240 VAC. Therefore, you do not need to adjust the input line voltage setting. The line cord provided is matched to the country of origin. Ensure that you have the correct line cord. See table 1-3 2 Press the power switch.
Getting Started To adjust the waveform intensity To adjust the waveform intensity The Intensity control is at the lower left corner of the front panel. • To decrease waveform intensity, rotate the Intensity control counterclockwise. • To increase waveform intensity, rotate the Intensity control clockwise.
Getting Started To connect the oscilloscope analog probes To connect the oscilloscope analog probes The analog input impedance of these oscilloscopes is selectable either 50Ω (54640-series only) or 1 MΩ. The 50Ω mode matches 50Ω cables commonly used in making high frequency measurements. This impedance matching gives you the most accurate measurements since reflections are minimized along the signal path. The 1 MΩ mode is for use with probes and for general purpose measurements.
Getting Started To compensate your analog probe To compensate your analog probe You should compensate you analog probes to match their characteristics to the oscilloscope. A poorly compensated probe can introduce measurement errors. To compensate a probe, follow these steps: 1 Connect the probe from channel 1 to the Probe Comp signal on the lowerright corner of the front panel. 2 Press Autoscale. 3 Use a nonmetallic tool to adjust the trimmer capacitor on the probe for the flattest pulse possible.
Getting Started To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) 1 If you feel it’s necessary, turn off the power supply to the circuit under test. Off Turning off power to the circuit under test would only prevent damage that might occur if you accidentally short two lines together while connecting probes. You can leave the oscilloscope powered on because no voltage appears at the probes.
Getting Started To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) 3 Connect a grabber to one of the probe leads. Be sure to connect the ground lead. (Other probe leads are omitted from the figure for clarity.) Grabber 4 Connect the grabber to a node in the circuit you want to test.
Getting Started To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) 5 For high-speed signals, connect a ground lead to the probe lead, connect a grabber to the ground lead, and attach the grabber to ground in the circuit under test. Signal Lead Ground Lead Grabber 6 Connect the ground lead on each set of channels, using a probe grabber. The ground lead improves signal fidelity to the instrument, ensuring accurate measurements.
Getting Started To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) 7 Repeat steps 3 through 6 until you have connected all points of interest. Signals Ground 8 If you need to remove a probe lead from the cable, insert a paper clip or other small pointed object into the side of the cable assembly, and push to release the latch while pulling out the probe lead. Replacement parts are available. See the Replaceable Parts chapter in the Service Guide for details.
Getting Started To connect a printer To connect a printer The oscilloscope connects to a parallel printer through the Parallel output connector on the rear of the oscilloscope. You will need a parallel printer cable to connect to the printer. 1 Attach the 25-pin small “D” connector to the Parallel output connector on the rear of the oscilloscope. Tighten the thumbscrews on the cable connector to secure the cable. 2 Attach the larger 36-pin “D” connector to the printer.
Getting Started To verify basic oscilloscope operation To verify basic oscilloscope operation 1 Connect an oscilloscope probe to channel 1. 2 Attach the probe to the Probe Comp output on the lower-right side of the front panel of the oscilloscope. Use a probe retractable hook tip so you do not need to hold the probe. 3 Press the Save/Recall key on the front panel, then press the Default Setup softkey under the display. The oscilloscope is now configured to its default settings.
Getting started using the oscilloscope interface When the oscilloscope is first turned on, a startup screen is displayed as shown below. This menu is only accessible when the oscilloscope first starts up.
Getting Started To verify basic oscilloscope operation • Press the Getting Started softkey to view the symbols used in the oscilloscope softkey menus. Use the Entry knob labeled to adjust the parameter. Press the softkey to display a pop up with a list of choices. Repeatedly press the softkey until your choice is selected. ✓ Use the Entry knob labeled or press the softkey to adjust the parameter. Option is selected and operational. Feature is on. Press the softkey again to turn the feature off.
Using Quick Help The oscilloscope has a Quick Help system that provides user help for each front-panel key and softkey on the oscilloscope. To view Quick Help information: 1 Press and hold down the key for which you would like to view help. 2 Release the key after reading the message. Releasing the key returns the oscilloscope to the previous state.
Getting Started Selecting a language for Quick Help after you have been operating the oscilloscope Selecting a language for Quick Help after you have been operating the oscilloscope 1 Press the Utility key, then press the Language softkey to display the Language menu. 2 Press the Language softkey until the desired language in the list is selected. When updates occur, an updated language file can be downloaded from: www.agilent.com/find/5462xsw for the 54620-series or www.agilent.
Getting Started Loading an updated language file from floppy disk Loading an updated language file from floppy disk When updates occur, an updated language file can be downloaded from: www.agilent.com/find/5462xsw for the 54620-series or www.agilent.com/find/5464xsw for the 54640-series, or call an Agilent center and request a language disk for your instrument. 1 Insert the floppy disk containing the language file into the floppy disk drive on the oscilloscope.
1-28
2 Front-Panel Overview
Front-Panel Overview Before you make measurements using the Agilent 54620-series and 54640-series Oscilloscopes, you must first set up the instrument using front-panel controls. Then, make the measurement and read the display results. These oscilloscopes operate much like an analog scope, but they can do much more. Spending a few minutes to learn some of these capabilities will take you a long way toward more productive troubleshooting.
Front-Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Important Oscilloscope Considerations Using Single versus Run/Stop The oscilloscopes have a Single key and a Run/Stop key. When you press Run (key is illuminated in green), the trigger processing and screen update rate are optimized over the memory depth. Single acquisitions always use the maximum memory available—at least twice as much memory as acquisitions captured in Run mode—and the scope stores at least twice as many samples.
Front-Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Whether the oscilloscope is stopped or running, you see more detail as you zoom in, and less as you zoom out. Zoom means you expand the waveform using either the main or delayed sweep window. Panning the waveform means you use the Horizontal Delay time knob( )to move it horizontally. To keep from losing detail as you zoom out, switch to the Peak Detect acquisition mode.
Front-Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Realtime acquire mode In Realtime mode, the oscilloscope produces the waveform display from samples collected during one trigger event. The sample rate for the 54620-series is 200 MSa/s for single channel or 100 MSa/s with channel pairs 1 and 2, 3 and 4, or pod 1 and pod 2 running. The sample rate for the 54640-series is 2 GSa/s for single channel or 1 GSa/s with channel pairs 1 and 2, or pod 1 and pod 2 running.
Front-Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Delayed Sweep Delayed sweep is a simultaneous display of the waveform at two different sweep speeds. Because of the deep memory in the MegaZoom technology, it is possible to capture the main display at 1 ms/div, and redisplay the same trigger in the delayed display at any desired faster time base. There is no limit imposed on the zoom ratio between the main and delayed displays.
Front-Panel Overview 54620/40-series Oscilloscope Front Panels 54620/40-series Oscilloscope Front Panels Figure 2-1 Measure keys Display Horizontal controls Waveform keys Run controls Entry knob Trigger controls Autoscale key Softkeys Utility key Probe comp output Intensity control Floppy disk Power switch Vertical inputs/ controls File keys External Trigger input 54621A, 54622A, 54641A, and 54642A 2-Channel Oscilloscopes Front Panel 2-7
Front-Panel Overview 54620/40-series Oscilloscope Front Panels Figure 2-2 Measure keys Display Horizontal controls Waveform keys Entry knob Run controls Trigger controls Autoscale key Softkeys Utility key Probe comp output Intensity control Floppy disk Power switch 54624A 4-Channel Oscilloscope Front Panel 2-8 Vertical inputs/ controls File keys
Front-Panel Overview 54620/40-series Oscilloscope Front Panels Figure 2-3 Measure keys Display Horizontal controls Waveform keys Run controls Entry knob Trigger controls Autoscale key Softkeys Utility key Probe Comp output Intensity control Floppy disk Power switch Analog Channel inputs/ controls File keys Digital Channel inputs/ controls 54621D, 54622D, 54641D, and 54642D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscopes Front Panel 2-9
Front-Panel Operation This chapter provides a brief overview of interpreting information on the display and an introduction to operating the front-panel controls. Detailed oscilloscope operating instructions are provided in later chapters. 54621D, 54622D. 54641D, and 54642D digital channels Because all of the oscilloscopes in the 54620/40-series have analog channels, the analog channel topics in this chapter apply to all instruments.
Front-Panel Overview Interpreting the display Interpreting the display The oscilloscope display contains channel acquisitions, setup information, measurement results, and softkeys for setting up parameters.
Front-Panel Overview To use analog channels to view a signal To use analog channels to view a signal • To configure the oscilloscope quickly, press the Autoscale key to display the connect signal. • To undo the effects of Autoscale, press the Undo Autoscale softkey before pressing any other key. This is useful if you have unintentionally pressed the Autoscale key or do not like the settings Autoscale has selected and want to return to your previous settings.
Front-Panel Overview To use digital channels to view a signal To use digital channels to view a signal • To configure the oscilloscope quickly, press the Autoscale key to display the connected signals. • To undo the effects of Autoscale, press the Undo Autoscale softkey before pressing any other key. This is useful if you have unintentionally pressed the Autoscale key or do not like the settings Autoscale has selected and want to return to your previous settings.
Front-Panel Overview To display signals automatically using Autoscale To display signals automatically using Autoscale • To configure the instrument quickly, press the Autoscale key. Autoscale displays all connected signals that have activity. To undo the effects of Autoscale, press the Undo Autoscale softkey before pressing any other key.
Front-Panel Overview To apply the default factory configuration To apply the default factory configuration • To set the instrument to the factory-default configuration, press the Save/Recall key, then press the Default Setup softkey. The default configuration returns the oscilloscope to its default settings. This places the oscilloscope in a known operating condition.
Front-Panel Overview To adjust analog channel vertical scaling and position To adjust analog channel vertical scaling and position This exercise guides you through the vertical keys, knobs, and status line. 1 Center the signal on the display using the position knob. The position knob ( ) moves the signal vertically; the signal is calibrated.
Front-Panel Overview To set the vertical expand reference for the analog signal To set the vertical expand reference for the analog signal When changing the volts/division for analog channels, you can have the signal expand (or compress) about the signal ground point or about the center graticule on the display. This works well with two signals displayed, because you can position and see them both on the screen while you change the amplitude.
Front-Panel Overview To display and rearrange the digital channels To display and rearrange the digital channels 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key to turn the display of the digital channels on or off. The digital channels are displayed when these keys are illuminated. 2 Turn the Digital Channel Select knob to select a single digital channel. The selected channel number is highlighted on the left side of the display.
Front-Panel Overview To operate the time base controls To operate the time base controls The following exercise guides you through the time base keys, knobs, and status line. • Turn the Horizontal sweep speed (time/division) knob and notice the change it makes to the status line.
Front-Panel Overview To start and stop an acquisition To start and stop an acquisition • When the Run/Stop key is illuminated in green, the oscilloscope is in continuous running mode. You are viewing multiple acquisitions of the same signal similar to the way an analog oscilloscope displays waveforms. • When the Run/Stop key is illuminated in red, the oscilloscope is stopped. “Stop” is displayed in the trigger mode position in status line at the top of the display.
Front-Panel Overview To use delayed sweep To use delayed sweep Delayed sweep is an expanded version of main sweep. When Delayed mode is selected, the display divides in half and the delayed sweep icon displays in the middle of the line at the top of the display. The top half displays the main sweep and the bottom half displays the delayed sweep. The following steps show you how to use delayed sweep. Notice that the steps are very similar to operating the delayed sweep in analog oscilloscopes.
Front-Panel Overview To make cursor measurements To make cursor measurements You can use the cursors to make custom voltage or time measurements on scope signals, and timing measurements on digital channels. 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display. 2 Press the Cursors key. View the cursor functions in the softkey menu: Mode Set the cursors results to measure voltage and time (Normal), or display the binary or hexadecimal logic value of the displayed waveforms.
Front-Panel Overview To make automatic measurements To make automatic measurements You can use automatic measurements on any channel source or any running math function. Cursors are turned on to focus on the most recently selected measurement (right-most on the measurement line above the softkeys on the display). 1 Press the Quick Meas key to display the automatic measurement menu. 2 Press the Source softkey to select the channel or running math function on which the quick measurements will be made.
Front-Panel Overview To modify the display grid To modify the display grid 1 Press the Display key. 2 Turn the Entry knob to change the intensity of the displayed grid. The intensity level is shown in the Grid softkey and is adjustable from 0 to 100%. Each major division in the grid (also know as graticule) corresponds to the sweep speed time shown in the status line on the top of the display. • To change waveform intensity, turn the INTENSITY knob on the lower-left corner of the front panel.
3 Triggering the Oscilloscope
Triggering the Oscilloscope The Agilent 54620/40-series Oscilloscopes provide a full set of features to help automate your measurement tasks, including MegaZoom technology to help you capture and examine the stored waveforms of interest, even untriggered waveforms. With these oscilloscopes you can: • modify the way the oscilloscope acquires data. • set up simple or complex trigger conditions, as needed, to capture only the sequence of events you want to examine.
Selecting Trigger Modes and Conditions The trigger mode affects the way in which the oscilloscope searches for the trigger. The figure below shows the conceptual representation of acquisition memory. Think of the trigger event as dividing acquisition memory into a pre-trigger and post-trigger buffer. The position of the trigger event in acquisition memory is defined by the time reference point and the delay setting.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To select a trigger mode: Normal, Auto, Auto Level To select a trigger mode: Normal, Auto, Auto Level 1 Press the Mode/Coupling key. 2 Press the Mode softkey, then select Normal, Auto, or Auto Level mode. • Normal mode displays a waveform when the trigger conditions are met, otherwise the oscilloscope does not trigger and the display is not updated. • Auto mode is the same as Normal mode, except it forces the oscilloscope to trigger if the trigger conditions are not met.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To select a trigger mode: Normal, Auto, Auto Level Normal mode Use Normal trigger mode for low repetitive-rate signals or when Auto trigger is not required. In this mode, the oscilloscope has the same behavior whether the acquisition was initiated by pressing Run/Stop or Single. In Normal mode the oscilloscope must fill the pre-trigger buffer with data before it will begin searching for a trigger event.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To select trigger Coupling To select trigger Coupling 1 Press the Mode/Coupling key. 2 Press the Coupling softkey, then select DC, AC, or LF Reject coupling. • DC coupling allows dc and ac signals into the trigger path. • AC coupling places a high-pass filter (3.5 Hz for 54620-series analog channels, 10 Hz for 54640-series analog channels, and 3.5 Hz for all External trigger inputs) in the trigger path removing any DC offset voltage from the trigger waveform.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To set holdoff To set holdoff 1 Press the Mode/Coupling key. 2 Turn the Entry knob to increase or decrease the trigger holdoff time shown in the Holdoff softkey. Holdoff sets the amount of time that the oscilloscope waits before re-arming the trigger circuitry. Use Holdoff to stabilize the display of complex waveforms. To get a stable trigger on the pulse burst shown below, set the holdoff time to be >200 ns but <600 ns.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To set holdoff Holdoff Operating Hints Holdoff keeps a trigger from occurring until after a certain amount of time has passed since the last trigger. This feature is valuable when a waveform crosses the trigger level multiple times during one period of the waveform. Without holdoff, the scope could trigger on each of the crossings, producing a confusing waveform. With holdoff set correctly, the scope always triggers on the same crossing.
Triggering the Oscilloscope External Trigger Input External Trigger Input External Trigger can be used as a source in several of the trigger types. On 4-channel and mixed-signal oscilloscopes, the external trigger BNC input is on the rear panel and is labeled Ext Trig. On 2-channel oscilloscopes, the external trigger BNC input is on the front panel and is labeled Ext Trigger.
Triggering the Oscilloscope External Trigger Input 2 Press the External softkey to display the external trigger probe menu. Attenuation factor Measurement units Input impedance (54640-series) Return to previous menu Probe Attenuation Turn the Entry knob to set the attenuation factor displayed in the Probe softkey for the connected probe. The attenuation factor can be set from 0.1:1 to 1000:1 in a 1-2-5 sequence.
Trigger Types The oscilloscope allows you to synchronize the display to the actions of the circuit under test by defining a trigger condition. You can use any input channel or the Ext Trigger BNC for the source for most trigger types. MegaZoom Technology Simplifies Triggering With the built-in MegaZoom technology, you can simply Autoscale the waveforms, then stop the scope to capture a waveform.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Edge triggering To use Edge triggering The Edge trigger type identifies a trigger by looking for a specified slope and voltage level on a waveform. You can define the trigger source and rising or falling edge in this menu. The trigger type, source, and level is displayed in the upper-right corner of the display. 1 Press the Edge key in the Trigger section of the front panel to display the Edge trigger menu.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Edge triggering Analog source Press the analog channel source softkey to select an analog source. Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob. The position of the trigger level for the analog channel is indicated by the trigger level icon T (if the analog channel is on) at the far left side of the display when DC coupling is selected.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Pulse Width triggering To use Pulse Width triggering Pulse Width (glitch) triggering sets the oscilloscope to trigger on a positive pulse or a negative pulse of a specified width. If you want to trigger on a specific timeout value, use Duration trigger in the trigger More menu. 1 Press the Pulse Width key in the Trigger section of the front panel to display the Pulse Width trigger menu.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Pulse Width triggering 3 Press the pulse polarity softkey to select positive ( polarity for the pulse width you want to capture. )or negative ( ) The selected pulse polarity is displayed in the upper-right corner of the display. A positive pulse is higher than the current trigger level or threshold and a negative pulse is lower than the current trigger level or threshold.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Pulse Width triggering 5 Select the qualifier time set softkey (< or >), then rotate the Entry knob to set the pulse width qualifier time.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Pattern triggering To use Pattern triggering The Pattern trigger identifies a trigger condition by looking for a specified pattern. This pattern is a logical AND combination of the channels. Each channel can have a value of high (H), low (L), don’t care (X). A rising or falling edge can be specified for one channel included in the pattern. 1 Press the Pattern key in the Trigger section of the front panel to display the Pattern trigger menu.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Pattern triggering 3 For each channel you select, press one of the condition softkeys to set the condition for that channel in the pattern. • H sets the pattern to high on the selected channel. A high is a voltage level that is greater than the channel's trigger level or threshold level. • L sets the pattern to low on the selected channel. A low is a voltage level that is less than the channel's trigger level or threshold level.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use CAN triggering To use CAN triggering Agilent N2758A CAN Trigger Module The following topic discusses the basic CAN triggering available in the 54620/40-series oscilloscopes. For advanced CAN triggering using the optional Agilent N2758A CAN Trigger Module for 54620/40-series Mixed-signal oscilloscopes, refer to the N2758A User’s Guide Controller Area Network (CAN) trigger will trigger on CAN version 2.0A and 2.0B signals.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use CAN triggering 2 Press the Baud softkey to set the CAN signal baud rate to match your CAN bus signal. The CAN baud rate can be set to: 10 kb/s 20 kb/s 33.3 kb/s 50 kb/s 62.5 kb/s 83.3 kb/s 100 kb/s 125 kb/s 250 kb/s 500 kb/s 800 kb/s 1 Mb/s The default baud rate is 1 Mb/s 3 Press the Trigger: softkey to select the trigger condition. The SOF (Start of Frame) is the only trigger condition available.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Duration triggering To use Duration triggering Duration trigger lets you define a pattern, then trigger on a specified time duration of this logical AND combination of the channels. 1 Press the More key in the Trigger section of the front panel, rotate the Entry knob until Duration is displayed in the Trigger softkey, then press the Settings softkey to display the Duration trigger menu.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Duration triggering 3 For each channel you select, press the logic level softkey to set the condition for that channel in the pattern. • H sets the pattern to high on the selected channel. A high is a voltage level that is greater than the channel's trigger level or threshold level. • L sets the pattern to low on the selected channel. A low is a voltage level that is less than the channel's trigger level or threshold level.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Duration triggering 5 Select a qualifier time set softkey (< or >), then rotate the Entry knob to set the duration qualifier time. < qualifier time set softkey • When the less than (<) qualifier is selected, the Entry knob sets the oscilloscope to trigger on a pattern duration less than the time value displayed on the softkey. • When the within time range (><) qualifier is selected, the Entry knob sets the upper time range value.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use I2C triggering To use I2C triggering An I2C (Inter-IC bus) trigger setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to the serial data (SDA) line and the serial clock (SCL) line, then triggering on a stop/start condition, a restart, a missing acknowledge, an EEPROM data read, or on a read/write frame with a specific device address and data value.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use I2C triggering 3 Connect an oscilloscope channel to the SDA (serial data) line in the circuit under test, then set the SDA data channel softkey to that channel. As you press the SDA softkey (or rotate the Entry knob on mixed-signal oscilloscopes), the SDA label for the source channel is automatically set and the channel you select is shown in the upper-right corner of the display next to "I2C".
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use I2C triggering EEPROM Data Read: the trigger looks for EEPROM control byte value 1010xxx on the SDA line, followed by a Read bit and an Ack bit. It then looks for the data value and qualifier set by the Data softkey and the Data is softkey. When this event occurs, the scope will trigger on the clock edge for the Ack bit after the data byte. This data byte does not need to occur directly after the control byte.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use I2C triggering 10-bit Write: the oscilloscope triggers on a 10-bit write frame on the 26th clock edge if all bits in the pattern match. The frame is in the format: Frame (Start: Address byte 1: Write: Address byte 2: Ack: Data) For triggering purposes, a restart is treated as a start condition.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use I2C triggering 6 If you have set the oscilloscope to trigger on a 7-bit address read or write frame condition or a 10-bit write frame condition: a Press the Address softkey and turn the Entry knob to select the 7-bit or 10-bit device address. You can select from an address range of 0x00 to 0x7F (7-bit) or 0x3FF (10-bit) hexadecimal.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use LIN triggering To use LIN triggering LIN (Local Interconnect Network) trigger setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to a serial LIN signal. The LIN trigger will trigger on the rising edge at the Sync Break exit of the LIN single-wire bus signal that marks the beginning of the message frame.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use LIN triggering 3 Press the Trigger: softkey to select the trigger condition. Sync (Sync Break) is the only trigger condition available.The LIN trigger will trigger on the rising edge at the Sync Break exit of the LIN single-wire bus signal that marks the beginning the message frame. 4 Press the Signal softkey to set the type of the LIN signal. This also automatically sets the channel label for the source channel.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering To use Sequence triggering Sequence trigger allows you to trigger the oscilloscope after finding a sequence of events. Defining a sequence trigger requires three steps: a Define an event to find before you search for the trigger. The “find” event can be a pattern, an edge from a single channel, or the combination of a pattern and a channel edge. b Define the trigger event.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering • Press the More key in the Trigger section of the front panel, rotate the Entry knob until Sequence is displayed in the Trigger softkey, then press the Settings softkey to display Sequence trigger menu.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering Define the Find: stage 1 Press the Stage softkey and select Find:. Find: is the first stage in the trigger sequence. When you select the Stage Find softkey, the next softkey to the right will display Find: and give you a list of the terms you can define for the Find stage. The Find stage can be set to one of the following conditions: Pattern 1 Entered – A pattern is entered on the last edge that makes the pattern true (logical AND).
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering 5 If you select an edge term, one channel must be set to a rising edge or a falling edge. All other channel edges will be set to don’t care (X). a Press the Channel softkey (or rotate the Entry knob on mixed-signal oscilloscopes) to select the channel. As you select a channel, the channel is highlighted in the selected pattern list shown in the waveform area. b Then press the X softkey to select rising edge or falling edge.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering 5 If you select an edge term, one channel must be set to a rising edge or a falling edge. All other channel edges will be set to don’t care (X). a Press the Channel softkey (or rotate the Entry knob on mixed-signal oscilloscopes) to select the channel. The channel you select is shown in the upper-right corner of the display next to "Seq". b Then press the X softkey to select rising edge or falling edge.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering 2 Press the Reset: softkey and select a term to reset on. 3 Press the Term softkey and select the pattern, edge, or timeout term displayed in the Reset: softkey. 4 If you select No Reset, no reset stage will be defined. 5 If you select a pattern term, each channel in the pattern must be set to a H (high), L (low), or X (don’t care). a Press the Channel softkey (or rotate the Entry knob on mixed-signal oscilloscopes) to select the channel.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use SPI triggering To use SPI triggering Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) trigger setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to a clock, data, and framing signal. You can then trigger on a data pattern during a specific framing period. The serial data string can be specified to be from 4 to 32 bits long. When you press the Settings softkey, a graphic will be displayed showing the current state of the frame signal, clock slope, number of data bits, and data bit values.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use SPI triggering Set up the number of bits in the serial data string and set values for those data bits 1 Turn the Entry knob to set the number of bits (#Bits) in the serial data string. The number of bits in the string can be set anywhere from 4 bits to 32 bits. The data values for the serial string are displayed in the Data string in the waveform area. 2 Turn the Entry knob to select a specific data bit in the serial string as shown in the Bit softkey.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use SPI triggering Assign source channels to the clock, data, and frame signals 1 Press the Signals softkey to access SPI trigger settings for clock source and slope, data source, and frame type and source. Clock channel Clock slope Data channel Frame by condition Frame channel Return to previous menu 2 Press the Clock softkey or turn the Entry knob to select the channel connected to the SPI serial clock line. The CLK label for the source channel is automatically set.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use SPI triggering 3 Press the slope softkey ( the selected Clock source. ) to select rising edge or falling edge for This determines which clock edge the oscilloscope will use to latch the serial data. When you press the slope softkey, the graphic shown on the display changes to show the current state of the clock signal.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use SPI triggering 5 Press the Frame by softkey to select a framing signal that the oscilloscope will use for determining which clock edge is the first clock edge in the serial stream. You can set the oscilloscope to trigger during a high chip select (CS), a low chip select (~CS), or after a Timeout period during which the clock signal has been idle.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To use TV triggering TV triggering is used to capture the complicated waveforms of television (TV) equipment. The trigger circuitry detects the vertical and horizontal interval of the waveform and produces triggers based on the TV trigger settings you have selected. The oscilloscope’s MegaZoom technology gives you bright, easily viewed displays of any part of the video waveform.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering Provide Correct Matching Many TV signals are produced from 75 Ω sources. To provide correct matching to these sources, a 75 Ω terminator (such as an Agilent 11094B) should be connected to the oscilloscope input. 3 Press the sync polarity softkey to set the TV trigger to either positive ( ) or negative ( ) sync polarity. 4 Press the Standard softkey to set the TV standard.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering 6 If you select a line mode when using standards NTSC, PAL, PAL-M, or SECAM, press the Line # softkey, then rotate the Entry knob to select the line number on which you want to trigger. 7 If you select a line mode when using the Generic standard, press the Count # softkey, then rotate the Entry knob to select the desired count number. Listed below are the line (or count) numbers per field for each TV standard.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering Example exercises The following are exercises to familiarize you with TV triggering. To trigger on a specific line of video TV triggering requires greater than 1/2 division of sync amplitude with any analog channel as the trigger source. Turning the trigger Level knob in TV trigger does not change the trigger level because the trigger level is automatically set to the sync pulse tips.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering Triggering on Line 71 Line Numbers per Field for Each TV Standard TV Standard Field 1 Field 2 Alt Fld NTSC 1 to 263 1 to 262 1 to 262 PAL 1 to 313 314 to 625 1 to 313 PAL-M 1 to 263 264 to 525 1 to 263 SECAM 1 to 313 314 to 625 1 to 313 GENERIC 1 to 1024 1 to 1024 1 to 1024 (Vertical) Line Number Represents Count In Generic mode, the line number represents the number of a count instead of a real line number.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on all TV line sync pulses To quickly find maximum video levels, you could trigger on all TV line sync pulses. When All Lines is selected as the TV trigger mode, the oscilloscope will trigger on the first line that it finds when the acquisition starts. 1 Press the Trigger More key, then press the TV softkey. 2 Press the Settings softkey, then press the Standard softkey to select the appropriate TV standard.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on a specific field of the video signal To examine the components of a video signal, trigger on either Field 1 or Field 2. When a specific field is selected, the oscilloscope triggers on the rising edge of the first serration pulse in the vertical sync interval in the specified field (1 or 2). 1 Press the Trigger More key, then press the TV softkey.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on all fields of the video signal To quickly and easily view transitions between fields, or to find the amplitude differences between the fields, use the All Fields trigger mode. The oscilloscope will trigger on the first field it finds at the start of acquisition. 1 Press the Trigger More key, then press the TV softkey. 2 Press the Settings softkey, then press the Standard softkey to select the appropriate TV standard.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on odd or even fields To check the envelope of your video signals, or to measure worst case distortion, trigger on the odd or even fields. When Field 1 is selected, the oscilloscope triggers on color fields 1 or 3. When Field 2 is selected, the oscilloscope triggers on color fields 2 or 4. 1 Press the Trigger More key, then press the TV softkey. 2 Press the Settings softkey, then press the Standard softkey to select the appropriate TV standard.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering If a more detailed analysis is required, then only one color field should be selected to be the trigger. You can do this by using the trigger Holdoff softkey in the trigger Mode/Coupling menu. Using the holdoff settings shown in the following table, the oscilloscope will now trigger on color field 1 OR color field 3 when Field 1 is selected. This is known as odd field selection. Even fields will be selected with Field 2.
To use USB triggering USB trigger will trigger on a Start of Packet (SOP), End of Packet (EOP) signal, Reset Complete (RC), Enter Suspend (Suspend), or Exit Suspend (Exit Sus) on the differential USB data lines (D+ and D-). USB Low Speed and Full Speed are supported by this trigger.
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use USB triggering 3 Press the D+ and D– softkeys to select the channel connected to the USB signal D+ and D– lines. The D+ and D– labels for the source channels are automatically set. As you press the D+ or D– softkey (or rotate the Entry knob on mixed-signal oscilloscopes), the D+ and D– label for the source channel is automatically set and the channel you select is shown in the upper-right corner of the display next to "USB".
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use USB triggering The Trigger Out connector The oscilloscope sends a pulse to the Trigger Out BNC connector on the rear panel of the oscilloscope when a trigger event occurs. This pulse is typically used to trigger other test equipment. The Trig Out is a 0 to 5 V signal designed to drive a 50Ω load. The rising edge of the pulse is the trigger point and is delayed (~55 ns for 54620-series and ~22 ns for 54640-series) from the oscilloscope trigger point.
4 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation This chapter gives an overview of some oscilloscope concepts that will help you make better measurements. It discusses the relationship between the time base setting and other time-dependent oscilloscope functions, explains how to achieve the most accurate signal fidelity through good probing practices, and describes how glitch detection works.
MegaZoom Concepts MegaZoom technology combines the advantages of conventional deep-memory digital oscilloscopes with the responsiveness and update rate of traditional analog oscilloscopes. Conventional deep-memory digital oscilloscopes are known for their ability to capture long time intervals while still maintaining high sample rates.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Deep Memory Deep Memory The primary advantage of a deep-memory oscilloscope is sustained sample rate, allowing you to capture at the maximum sample rate and still capture a long time window. For example, you may want to capture a fast digital event, such as an interrupt line being asserted, while being able to look far out in time to see when the line was de-asserted.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Oscilloscope Responsiveness Oscilloscope Responsiveness An important element of an oscilloscope is how responsive it is to control changes. After a control is changed, such as the time/division, if you must wait for the test instrument to respond, the feedback loop between the instrument and the user can become difficult. You could confuse adjustments because of the delay between making a change to the instrument and seeing the effect of that change take place.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Display Update Rate Display Update Rate In analog oscilloscopes, the oscilloscope is blind while the electron beam is reset to the left side of the screen. Thus, the update rate of an analog oscilloscope seems high because the blind or dead time of the analog scope is low. Infrequent or random events that happen while the oscilloscope is blind are missed, and thus not displayed.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Analog channels To setup the Analog channels 1 Press the 1 key in the Vertical section (Analog section on mixed-signal oscilloscopes) of the front panel to display the channel 1 menu.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Analog channels Vertical sensitivity Turn the large knob above the channel key to set the sensitivity (volts/division) for the channel. The volts/division knob changes the analog channel sensitivity from 1 mV to 5 V for the 54620-series and from 2 mV to 5 V for the 54640-series in a 1-2-5 step sequence with a 1:1 probe attached. The analog channel Volts/Div value is displayed in the status line.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Analog channels 3 Press the Imped (impedance) softkey The 54620-series oscilloscope analog channel input impedance is always 1 MΩ. The 54640-series oscilloscope analog channel input impedance can be set to either 1M Ohm or 50 Ohm by pressing the Imped softkey. • 50 Ohm mode matches 50-ohm cables commonly used in making high frequency measurements.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Analog channels 7 Press the Probe softkey to display the channel probe menu. This menu allows you to select additional probe parameters such as attenuation factor and units of measurement for the connected probe.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base To setup the Horizontal time base 1 Press the Main/Delayed key in the Horizontal section of the front panel.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base 4 Press the Vernier softkey to turn on the time base vernier. The Vernier softkey allows you to change the sweep speed in smaller increments with the time/division knob. The sweep speed remains fully calibrated when Vernier is on. The value is displayed in the status line at the top of the display. When Vernier is turned off, the Horizontal sweep speed knob changes the time base sweep speed in a 1-2-5 step sequence.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base 6 Turn the delay knob ( status line. ) and notice that its value is displayed in the Changing the delay time moves the sweep horizontally and indicates how far the trigger point (▼) is from the time reference point (∇). These reference points are indicated along the top of the graticule. The previous figure shows the trigger point with the delay time set to 1.00 µs.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base Delayed mode Delayed sweep is an expanded version of main sweep. When Delayed mode is selected, the display divides in half and the delayed sweep icon displays in the middle of the line at the top of the display. The top half of the display has the main sweep and the bottom half has the delayed sweep.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base To change the sweep speed for the delayed sweep window, turn the sweep speed knob. As you turn the knob, the sweep speed is highlighted in the status line above the waveform display area. The time reference position sets the initial position of the trigger event within acquisition memory and on the display, with delay set to 0.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base Roll mode Roll mode causes the waveform to move slowly across the screen from right to left. It only operates on time base settings of 500 ms/div and slower. If the current time base setting is faster than the 500 ms/div limit, it will be set to 500 ms/div when Roll mode is entered.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes Acquisition Modes Remember how when using your analog oscilloscope you had to constantly adjust the brightness? You did this to see the desired level of detail in a signal, or sometimes to see the signal at all! The INTENSITY knob on the Agilent 54620/40-series oscilloscopes works like an analog oscilloscope; it changes how the frequency of occurrence of waveform portions are mapped into various brightness levels.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes Normal Mode For the majority of use models and signals, Normal acquisition mode yields the best oscilloscope picture of the waveform. The analog channels can have up to 2 million samples per channel for the 54620-series and up to 4 million samples per channel for the 54640-series behind the 1,000-pixel column oscilloscope display.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes Average Mode Averaging lets you average multiple triggers together to reduce noise and increase resolution. Averaging of multiple triggers requires a stable trigger. The number of triggers being averaged is displayed in the # Avgs softkey. • Turn the Entry knob to set the number of averages (# Avgs) that best eliminates the noise from the displayed waveform. The number of averages can be set from 1 to 16383 in powers-of-2 increments.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes If you cannot acquire multiple triggers, you can still reduce noise and increase resolution at slower sweep speeds by setting # Avgs to 1.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Display modes Display modes • Press the Display key to view the Display menu. Infinite Persistence Infinite persistence ( Persist softkey) updates the display with new acquisitions but does not erase previous acquisitions. New sample points are shown at normal intensity while previous acquisitions are displayed in minimum intensity. Waveform persistence is not kept beyond the display area boundary.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Display modes Vectors On/Off The 54620/40-series oscilloscopes have been designed from the ground up to operate in Vectors On mode. This mode gives the most realistic waveforms in most every situation. When enabled, Vectors draws a line between consecutive waveform data points. • Vectors give an analog look to a digitized waveform. • Vectors allow you to see steep edges on waveforms, such as square waves.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Pan and Zoom Pan and Zoom The ability to pan (move horizontally) and zoom (expand or compress horizontally) an acquired waveform is important because of the additional insight it can reveal about the captured waveform. This additional insight is often gained from seeing the waveform at different levels of abstraction. You may want to view both the big picture and the specific little picture details.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To pan and zoom a waveform To pan and zoom a waveform 1 Press the Run/Stop key to stop acquisitions. The Run/Stop key is illuminated red when the oscilloscope is stopped. 2 Turn the sweep speed knob to zoom horizontally and turn the volts/division knob to zoom vertically. The ∇ symbol at the top of the display indicates the time reference point where the zoom-in/zoom-out is referenced.
Run/Stop/Single/Infinite Persistence Operation During an acquisition, the oscilloscope examines the input voltage at each input probe. • For analog channels, the input voltage is determined by the vertical volts/division settings. • For digital channels, at each sample the oscilloscope compares the input voltage to the logic threshold. If the voltage is above the threshold, the oscilloscope stores a 1 in sample memory; otherwise, it stores a 0.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquiring Data Acquiring Data The oscilloscope operates like an analog oscilloscope, but it can do much more. Spending a few minutes to learn some of this capability will take you a long way toward more productive troubleshooting. Single versus Run/Stop The oscilloscope has a Single key and a Run/Stop key. When you press Run/Stop (key is illuminated green when running), the trigger processing rate is optimized over memory depth.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Memory Depth/Record Length Memory Depth/Record Length Run/Stop versus Single When the oscilloscope is running, the trigger processing or update rate is optimized over memory depth. When you press Single, memory depth and sample rate are maximized. Single For a single acquisition, all available memory is filled with each acquisition, regardless of sweep speed. To acquire data with the longest possible record length, press the Single key.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To run and stop an acquisition To run and stop an acquisition • To begin an acquisition, press Run/Stop (key is illuminated green when running). The instrument begins acquiring data while searching for a trigger condition. If a trigger occurs, the acquired data is shown in the display. • To stop an acquisition in process, press Run/Stop (key is illuminated red when stopped).
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To capture a single event To capture a single event To capture a single event, you need some previous knowledge of the signal to set up the trigger level and slope. For example, if the event is derived from TTL logic, a trigger level of 2 volts should work on a rising edge. These steps show you how to use the oscilloscope to capture a single event. 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope. 2 Set up the trigger.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To use infinite persistence To use infinite persistence With infinite persistence, the oscilloscope updates the display with new acquisitions, but does not erase the results of previous acquisitions. Rather than being erased by subsequent acquisitions, the previous acquisition is displayed in minimum intensity. Thus, the results of all previous acquisitions are displayed in minimum intensity, with the latest acquisition in normal intensity.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To clear the waveform display To clear the waveform display • Press the Display key, then press the Clear Display softkey. Acquisition memory and the current display are immediately erased. If the instrument is running, however, and the oscilloscope finds a trigger condition, the display will be quickly updated after the erasure.
Configuring the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope This section describes how to configure the following items for the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope, including changing the logic threshold for input signals. To display digital channels using Autoscale When signals are connected to the digital channels, Autoscale quickly configures and displays the digital channels. • To configure the instrument quickly, press the Autoscale key. Any digital channel with an active signal will be displayed.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Interpreting the digital waveform display Interpreting the digital waveform display The following figure shows a typical display with digital channels.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To display and rearrange the digital channels To display and rearrange the digital channels 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key to turn the display of the digital channels on or off. Digital channels are displayed when the D15 Thru D8 or D7 Thru D0 key is illuminated. 2 Turn the Digital Channel Select knob to select a digital channel. As you turn the Channel Select knob, the selected channel number is highlighted on the left side of the display.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To turn individual channels on and off To turn individual channels on and off Individual channels within the pod group can be turned on or off. 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key. 2 Turn the Entry knob to select a digital channel to turn on or off. If the User threshold softkey was previously selected, make sure you press the digital channel on/off softkey to assign it to the Entry knob.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To force all channels on or all channels off To force all channels on or all channels off 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key. 2 Press the Turn on (or Turn off) softkey. Each time you press this softkey, the softkey toggles between Turn on and Turn off. When pressed, this softkey forces all digital channels in the selected pod to be turned on or to be turned off.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To change the logic threshold for digital channels To change the logic threshold for digital channels 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key. 2 Press the Threshold softkey, then select a logic family preset or select User to define your own threshold. Logic family Threshold Voltage TTL 1.4 V CMOS 2.5 V ECL –1.3 V User Variable from –8 V to +8 V The threshold you set applies to all channels within the selected D15 Thru D8 or D7 Thru D0 group.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits You may encounter problems when using the mixed-signal oscilloscope that are related to probing. These problems fall into two categories: probe loading and probe grounding. Probe loading problems generally affect the circuit under test, while probe grounding problems affect the accuracy of the data to the measurement instrument.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits 250 Ω 7.5 pF 100 k Ω 1 pF 150 Ω High-Frequency Probe Equivalent Circuit The impedance plots for the two models are shown in these figures. By comparing the two plots, you can see that both the series tip resistor and the cable’s characteristic impedance extend the input impedance significantly. The stray tip capacitance, which is generally small (1 pF), sets the final break point on the impedance chart.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits Probe Grounding A probe ground is the low-impedance path for current to return to the source from the probe. Increased length in this path will, at high frequencies, create large common mode voltages at the probe input.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits In addition to the common mode voltage, longer ground returns also degrade the pulse fidelity of the probe system. Rise time is increased, and ringing, due to the undamped LC circuit at the input of the probe, is also increased. Because the digital channels display reconstructed waveforms, they do not show ringing and perturbations. You will not find ground problems through examination of the waveform display.
Using Labels on the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope The Mixed-Signal Oscilloscopes allow you to define and assign labels to each input channel, or you can turn labels off to increase the waveform display area.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To turn the label display on or off To turn the label display on or off 1 Press the Label key in the Digital section of the front panel. This turns on display labels for the analog and digital channels. When the Label key is illuminated, the labels for displayed channels are displayed on the left side of the displayed traces. When labels are on, the label is also displayed in softkeys for the selected channel or source.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To assign a predefined label to a channel To assign a predefined label to a channel 1 Press the Label key. 2 Press the Channel softkey, then turn the Entry knob or successively press the softkey to select a channel for label assignment. The figure above shows the list of channels and their default labels. The channel does not have to be turned on to have a label assigned to it.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To define a new label To define a new label 1 Press the Label key. 2 Press the Channel softkey, then turn the Entry knob or successively press the softkey to select a channel for label assignment. The channel does not have to be turned on to have a label assigned to it. 3 Press the Spell softkey, then turn the Entry knob to select the first character in the new label.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To define a new label Label List Management When you press the Library softkey, you will see a list of the last 75 labels used. The list does not save duplicate labels. Labels can end in any number of trailing digits. As long as the base string is the same as an existing label in the library, the new label will not be put in the library. For example, if label A0 is in the library and you make a new label called A12345, the new label is not added to the library.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To reset the label library to the factory default To reset the label library to the factory default 1 Press the Utility key, then press the Options softkey. CAUTION Pressing the Default Library softkey will remove all user-defined labels from the library and set the labels back to the factory default. Once deleted, these user-defined labels cannot be recovered. 2 Press the Default Library softkey.
Saving and Recalling Traces and Setups You can save your current setup and waveform trace to the floppy disk or to internal memory, then recall the setup, waveform trace, or both later. When you save a setup, all settings including measurements, cursors, math functions, and horizontal, vertical, and trigger settings are saved to the file you have selected. Making a hardcopy print To make a hardcopy of the complete screen image including the status line and softkeys, use the Quick Print key.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To Autosave traces and setups To Autosave traces and setups 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display. 2 Insert a disk in the oscilloscope floppy disk drive. 3 Press the Press to Autosave softkey. Your current setup and waveform trace will be saved to an automatically generated file name (QFILE_nn) on the floppy disk. The file name is shown in the line above the softkeys.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To save traces and setups to internal memory or to overwrite an existing floppy disk file To save traces and setups to internal memory or to overwrite an existing floppy disk file 1 Press the Save softkey to display the Save menu. 2 Press the To: softkey or turn the Entry knob to select a floppy disk file or internal memory to be overwritten.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To save traces and setups to a new file on the floppy disk To save traces and setups to a new file on the floppy disk 1 To create a new file name, press the New File softkey. If you do not want to overwrite an existing file, use this menu to enter a new file name. New file names can be up to eight characters long. New file names can only be written to the floppy disk, not the internal memory.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To recall traces and setups To recall traces and setups 1 Press the Save/Recall key to display the Save/Recall menu. 2 Press the Recall softkey to display the Recall menu. 3 Press the Recall softkey and select the type of information to recall. You can recall a waveform Trace, an oscilloscope Setup, or Trace and Setup. Be sure to recall both setup and trace if you want to measure the recalled trace with cursors.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Saving (printing) screen images to floppy disk Saving (printing) screen images to floppy disk 1 Press the Save/Recall key to display the Save/Recall menu. 2 Press the Formats softkey to display the Formats menu. The Formats menu allows you to quickly configure the Quick Print menu to save images to the floppy disk.
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Recalling the factory default setup Recalling the factory default setup 1 Press the Save/Recall key to display the Save/Recall menu. 2 Press Default Setup softkey. This returns the oscilloscope to its factory default settings and places the oscilloscope in a known operating condition.
5 Making Measurements
Making Measurements By now you are familiar with the Vertical/Analog, Horizontal, and Trigger groups of the front-panel keys. You should also know how to determine the setup of the oscilloscope by looking at the status line at the top of the display. We recommend you perform all of the following exercises so you become familiar with the powerful measurement capabilities of the oscilloscope.
Capturing Data In the oscilloscope, an 8-bit A/D converter converts the input waveform into an evenly-spaced series of voltage readings. These readings are made once for each channel, and are stored into memory as an array of voltages with implicit times. Main and Delayed Sweep The delayed sweep display function magnifies the contents of sample memory—data used by the main and delayed sweep windows is acquired on a single acquisition; the data corresponds to the same trigger event.
Making Measurements To use delayed sweep To use delayed sweep You can use the delayed sweep window to locate and horizontally expand part of the main sweep for a more detailed (high-resolution) analysis of signals. 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display. 2 Press the Main/Delayed key. 3 Press the Delayed softkey.
Making Measurements To use delayed sweep Delayed sweep is an expanded version of main sweep. When Delayed mode is selected, the display divides in half and the delayed sweep icon displays in the middle of the line at the top of the display. The top half displays the main sweep and the bottom half displays the delayed sweep. 4 Turn the horizontal sweep speed knob and delay time knob and note how the waveform expands, contracts, and moves on the display.
Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a signal To reduce the random noise on a signal If the signal you are applying to the oscilloscope is noisy, you can set up the oscilloscope to reduce the noise on the displayed waveform. First, you stabilize the displayed waveform by removing the noise from the trigger path. Second, you reduce the noise on the displayed waveform. 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display.
Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a signal Low-frequency reject (LF reject) adds a high-pass filter with the 3-dB point at 50 kHz. Use LF reject to remove low-frequency signals, such as power line noise, from the trigger path. 0 dB 3 dB down point Pass Band dc 50 kHz LF Reject Noise reject increases the trigger hysteresis band. By increasing the trigger hysteresis band, you reduce the possibility of triggering on noise.
Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a signal 3 Use averaging to reduce noise on the displayed waveform. • Press the Acquire key, then press the Averaging softkey. Averaging lets you average multiple triggers together to reduce noise and increase resolution. Averaging of multiple triggers requires a stable trigger. The number of triggers being averaged is displayed in the # Avgs softkey.
Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a signal High-resolution mode (# Avgs=1) High-resolution mode is an oversampling technique used when the digitizer sampling rate is faster than the rate at that samples are being stored into acquisition memory. The sample rate for the 54620-series is 200 MSa/s for single channel or 100 MSa/s with channel pairs 1 and 2, 3 and 4, or pod 1 and pod 2 running.
Making Measurements To capture glitches or narrow pulses with peak detect and infinite persistence To capture glitches or narrow pulses with peak detect and infinite persistence A glitch is a rapid change in the waveform that is usually narrow as compared to the waveform. To capture glitches or narrow pulses: 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display. 2 To find the glitch, press the Acquire key, then, press the Peak Det softkey.
Making Measurements To capture glitches or narrow pulses with peak detect and infinite persistence 3 Press the Display key then press the ∞ Persist (infinite persistence) softkey. Infinite persistence updates the display with new acquisitions but does not erase previous acquisitions. New sample points are shown at normal intensity while previous acquisitions are displayed in minimum intensity. Waveform persistence is not kept beyond the display area boundary.
Making Measurements To use the Roll horizontal mode To use the Roll horizontal mode • Press the Main/Delayed key, then press the Roll softkey. Roll mode causes the waveform to move slowly across the screen from right to left. It only operates on time base settings of 500 ms/div and slower. If the current time base setting is faster than the 500 ms/div limit, it will be set to 500 ms/div when Roll mode is entered.
Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode To use the XY horizontal mode The XY horizontal mode converts the oscilloscope from a volts-versus-time display to a volts-versus-volts display using two input channels. Channel 1 is the X-axis input, channel 2 is the Y-axis input. You can use various transducers so the display could show strain versus displacement, flow versus pressure, volts versus current, or voltage versus frequency.
Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode Signal centered on the display 4 Press the Cursors key. 5 Set the Y2 cursor to the top of the signal, and set Y1 to the bottom of the signal. Note the ∆Y value at the bottom of the display. In this example, we are using the Y cursors, but you could have used the X cursors instead.
Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode 6 Move the Y1 and Y2 cursors to the intersection of the signal and the Y axis. Again, note the ∆Y value. Cursors set to center of signal 7 Calculate the phase difference using the formula below. second ∆Y 0.648 sin θ = --------------------------- = ------------- ; θ = 32.68 degrees of phase shift first ∆Y 1.20 XY Display Mode Operating Hint (Z-axis input on 54620-series only) When you select the XY display mode, the time base is turned off.
Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode Signals are 90 out of phase Signals are in phase 5-16
Math Functions The Math menu allows you to display math functions on analog channels. You can: • subtract (–) or multiply (*) the signals acquired on analog channels 1 and 2, then display the result. • integrate, differentiate, or perform an FFT on the signal acquired on any analog channel or on math functions 1 * 2, 1 – 2, or 1 + 2, then display the result. • Press the Math key on the front panel to display the Math menu.
Making Measurements Math Scale and Offset Math Scale and Offset Any math function may be manually scaled by pressing the Settings softkey, and then adjusting the Scale or Offset value. Math Scale and Offset are Set Automatically Any time the currently displayed math function definition is changed, the function is automatically scaled for optimum vertical scale and offset.
Making Measurements Multiply Multiply When you select 1 * 2, channel 1 and channel 2 voltage values are multiplied point by point, and the result is displayed. 1 * 2 is useful for seeing power relationships when one of the channels is proportional to the current. • Press the Math key, press the 1 * 2 softkey, then press the Settings softkey if you want to change the scaling or offset for the multiply function.
Making Measurements Subtract Subtract When you select 1 – 2, channel 2 voltage values are subtracted from channel 1 voltage values point by point, and the result is displayed. You can use 1 – 2 to make a differential measurement or to compare two waveforms. You may need to use a true differential probe if your waveforms have DC offsets larger than the dynamic range of the oscilloscope's input channel.
Making Measurements Differentiate Differentiate d/dt (differentiate) calculates the discrete time derivative of the selected source. You can use differentiate to measure the instantaneous slope of a waveform. For example, the slew rate of an operational amplifier may be measured using the differentiate function. Since differentiation is very sensitive to noise, it is helpful to set acquisition mode to Averaging in the Acquire menu.
Making Measurements Differentiate The figure below shows an example of differentiate.
Making Measurements Integrate Integrate ∫ dt (integrate) calculates the integral of the selected source. You can use integrate to calculate the energy of a pulse in volt-seconds or measure the area under a waveform. ∫ dt plots the integral of the source using the "Trapezoidal Rule".
Making Measurements Integrate The integrate calculation is relative to the source signal’s offset. The following examples illustrate the effects of signal offset.
Making Measurements FFT Measurement FFT Measurement FFT is used to compute the fast Fourier transform using analog input channels or math functions 1 + 2, 1 – 2, or 1 * 2. FFT takes the digitized time record of the specified source and transforms it to the frequency domain. When the FFT function is selected, the FFT spectrum is plotted on the oscilloscope display as magnitude in dBV versus frequency.
Making Measurements FFT Measurement The following figure illustrates aliasing. This is the spectrum of a 1 kHz square wave, which has many harmonics. The sample rate is set to 200 kSa/s, and the oscilloscope displays the spectrum. The displayed waveform shows the components of the input signal above the Nyquist frequency to be mirrored (aliased) on the display and reflected off the right edge.
Making Measurements FFT Measurement FFT Operation 1 Press the Math key, press the FFT softkey, then press the Settings softkey to display the FFT menu. Source select Frequency Span Center frequency Preset Span and Center frequencies Vertical and Window FFT controls Return to previous menu Source selects the source for the FFT. The source can be any analog channel, or math functions 1 + 2, 1 – 2, and 1 * 2.
Making Measurements FFT Measurement 2 Press the More FFT softkey to display additional FFT settings. FFT Scale FFT Offset Window Return to previous menu Scale allows you to set your own vertical scale factors for FFT expressed in dB/div (decibels/division). Press the Scale softkey, then turn the Entry knob to rescale your math function. Offset allows you to set your own offset for the FFT. The offset value is in dB and is represented by the center graticule of the display.
Making Measurements FFT Measurement 4 To make other measurements, press the Quick Meas key and set the Source softkey to Math. You can make peak-to-peak, maximum, minimum, and average dB measurements on the FFT waveform. You can also find the frequency value at the first occurrence of the waveform maximum by using the X at Max measurement. The following FFT spectrum was obtained by connecting the front panel Probe Comp signal (~1.2 kHz from 54620-series) to channel 1.
Making Measurements FFT Measurement FFT Measurement Hints - Continued While the FFT spectrum is displayed, use the Math and Cursors keys to switch between measurement functions and frequency domain controls in FFT menu. Decreasing the effective sampling rate by selecting a slower sweep speed will increase the low frequency resolution of the FFT display and also increase the chance that an alias will be displayed.
Cursor Measurements You can measure waveform data using cursors. Cursors are horizontal and vertical markers that indicate X-axis values (usually time) and Y-axis values (usually voltage) on a selected waveform source. The position of the cursors can be moved turning the Entry knob. When you press the Cursors key, it will illuminate and the cursors will turn on. To turn cursors off, press this key again until it is not illuminated, or press the Quick Meas key.
Making Measurements To make cursor measurements To make cursor measurements The following steps guide you through the front-panel Cursors key. You can use the cursors to make custom voltage or time measurements on the signal. 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display. 2 Press the Cursors key, then press the Mode softkey. X and Y cursor information is displayed on the softkeys. ∆X, 1/∆X, ∆Y, and binary and hexadecimal values are displayed on the line above the softkeys.
Making Measurements To make cursor measurements 3 Press the Source softkey to select the analog channel or math source on which the Y cursors will indicate measurements. The source in Normal cursor mode can be any analog channel or math source. If you select binary or hexadecimal mode, the Source softkey is disabled since you are displaying binary or hexadecimal levels for all channels. 4 Select the X and Y softkeys to make a measurement.
Making Measurements To make cursor measurements X1 X2 Press this softkey to adjust the X1 and X2 cursors together by turning the Entry knob. The ∆X value will remain the same since the cursors adjust together. You can adjust the X cursors together to check for pulse width variations in a pulse train. Y1 Y2 Press this softkey to adjust the Y1 and Y2 cursors together by turning the Entry knob. The ∆Y value will remain the same since the cursors adjust together.
Making Measurements To make cursor measurements Cursors measure frequency of pulse ringing Expand the display with delayed sweep, then characterize the event of interest with the cursors.
Making Measurements To make cursor measurements Put the X1 cursor on one side of a pulse and the X2 cursor on the other side of the pulse. Measuring pulse width with cursors Press the X1 X2 softkey and move the cursors together to check for pulse width variations in a pulse train.
Automatic Measurements The following automatic measurements can be made in the Quick Meas menu. Time Measurements • • • • • • • • • • Counter Duty Cycle Frequency Period Rise Time* Fall Time* + Width – Width X at Max* X at Min* Phase and Delay • Phase* • Delay* Voltage Measurements • • • • • • • • Average* Amplitude* Base* Maximum* Minimum* Peak-to-Peak* RMS* Top* Preshoot and Overshoot • Preshoot* • Overshoot* * Measurement on analog channels only.
Making Measurements Making automatic measurements Making automatic measurements Quick Meas makes automatic measurements on any channel source or any running math function. The results of the last three measurements selected are displayed on the dedicated line above the softkeys, or in the display area when some menus are selected. Quick Meas also makes measurements on stopped waveforms when you are panning and zooming.
Making Measurements Setting measurement thresholds Setting measurement thresholds Setting measurement thresholds defines the vertical levels where measurements will be taken on an analog channel. Changing default thresholds may change measurement results The default lower, middle, and upper threshold values are 10%, 50%, and 90% of the value between Top and Base.
Making Measurements Setting measurement thresholds 4 Press the Lower softkey, then turn the Entry knob to set the lower measurement threshold value. Increasing the lower value beyond the set middle value will automatically increase the middle value to be more than the lower value. The default lower threshold is 10% or 800 mV. If threshold Type is set to %, the lower threshold value can be set from 5% to 93%.
Making Measurements Making time measurements automatically Making time measurements automatically FFT measurements When you make an X at Max or X at Min measurement on a math FFT function, the resultant units will be in Hertz. No other time related automatic measurement can be made on the FFT math function. Use the cursors to make other measurements on FFT.
Making Measurements Making time measurements automatically Measurement definitions Measurement thresholds for time measurements The default lower, middle, and upper measurement thresholds are 10%, 50%, and 100% between Top and Base values. See the previous topic “Setting measurement thresholds” for other percentage threshold and absolute value threshold settings. Counter The Counter measurement counts trigger level crossings at the selected trigger slope and displays the results in Hz.
Making Measurements Making time measurements automatically Fall Time The fall time of a signal is the time difference between the crossing of the upper threshold and the crossing of the lower threshold for a negative-going edge. The X cursor shows the edge being measured. For maximum measurement accuracy, set the sweep speed as fast as possible while leaving the complete falling edge of the waveform on the display. The Y cursors show the lower and upper threshold points.
Making Measurements Making time measurements automatically X at Min X at Min is the X axis value (usually time) at the first displayed occurrence of the waveform Minimum, starting from the left-side of the display. For periodic signals, the position of the minimum may vary throughout the waveform. The X cursor shows where the current X at Min value is being measured.
Making Measurements Making Delay and Phase Measurements Making Delay and Phase Measurements Digital channel measurements Automatic measurements Phase, and Delay are not valid for digital channels on the mixed-signal oscilloscope or for the math FFT function. The two sources defined in the phase and delay measurement must be turned.
Making Measurements Making Delay and Phase Measurements Phase Phase is the calculated phase shift from source 1 to source 2, expressed in degrees. Negative phase shift values indicate that the rising edge of source 1 occurred after the rising edge of source 2. Press the Settings softkey to select the source channels for the phase measurement.
Making Measurements Making voltage measurements automatically Making voltage measurements automatically Measurement units for each input channel can be set to Volts or Amps using the channel Probe Units softkey. A scale unit of U (undefined) will be displayed for math function 1-2 and for d/dt, and ∫ dt when 1-2 or 1+2 is the selected source if channel 1 and channel 2 are set to dissimilar units in the channel Probe Units softkey.
Making Measurements Making voltage measurements automatically Digital channel voltage measurements Automatic voltage measurements are not valid on digital channels on the mixed-signal oscilloscope. Measurement definitions Amplitude The Amplitude of a waveform is the difference between its Top and Base values. The Y cursors show the values being measured. Average Average is the sum of the waveform samples divided by the number of samples over one or more full periods.
Making Measurements Making voltage measurements automatically RMS RMS (dc) is the root-mean-square value of the waveform over one or more full periods. If less than one period is displayed, RMS (dc) average is calculated on the full width of the display. The X cursors show what interval of the waveform is being measured.
Making overshoot and preshoot measurements Digital channel time measurements Automatic measurements Preshoot and Overshoot are not valid measurements for the math FFT function or for digital channels on the mixed-signal oscilloscope. Measurement definitions Preshoot Preshoot is distortion that precedes a major edge transition expressed as a percentage of Amplitude. The X cursors show which edge is being measured (edge closest to the trigger reference point).
Making Measurements Making overshoot and preshoot measurements Overshoot Overshoot is distortion that follows a major edge transition expressed as a percentage of Amplitude. The X cursors show which edge is being measured (edge closest to the trigger reference point).
Making Measurements Making overshoot and preshoot measurements 5-52
6 Utilities
Utilities The Utility menu allows you to: • • • • • • • select other languages for viewing Quick Help set up the oscilloscope printer interface load and delete floppy disk files set up the oscilloscope I/O ports for controller operation set up the real-time clock to set up the screen saver perform service functions such as User Cal and Self Test • Press the Utility key to display the Utility menu.
Utilities To configure Quick Help languages To configure Quick Help languages You can choose to display Quick Help in any of 11 languages. 1 Press the Utility key, then press the Language softkey to display the Language menu. 2 Press the Language softkey until the desired language in the list is selected.
Utilities To configure Quick Help languages Loading an updated language file from floppy disk When updates occur, an updated language file can be downloaded from: www.agilent.com/find/5462xsw for the 54620-series or www.agilent.com/find/5464xsw for the 54640-series, or call an Agilent center and request a language disk for your instrument. 1 Insert the floppy disk containing the language file into the floppy disk drive on the oscilloscope.
Utilities To update your instrument to the latest application software To update your instrument to the latest application software When updates to the instrument application software occur, an updated application software file can be downloaded from: www.agilent.com/find/5462xsw for the 54620-series or www.agilent.com/find/5464xsw for the 54640-series, or call an Agilent center and request the latest application software disk for your instrument.
Utilities To configure a printer To configure a printer Use the printer configuration menu to set up your printer interface and printer format type. You can also turn scale factors, gray scale, and form feed on and off. Print to: Format Factors Gray Scale Form Feed Return to previous menu 1 Press the Utility key, then press the Print Confg softkey to display the print configuration menu. 2 Press the Print to: softkey to select the printer interface.
Utilities To configure a printer CSV length The Length softkey sets the number of XY waveform pair values that will be output to the CSV (comma-separated variable) file. Length can be set to 100, 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 waveform pairs by turning the Entry knob. The larger the length, the longer the file will take to write to the floppy disk. Scale factors Select the Factors softkey if you want the oscilloscope scale factors to be included on your print.
Utilities To use the floppy disk To use the floppy disk The Floppy menu allows you to load or delete files from the floppy disk. Floppy disk file Load selected file Delete selected file Return to previous menu 1 Press the File: softkey or turn the Entry knob to select a file on the floppy disk. 2 To load a file into the oscilloscope press the Load File softkey. Files that can be loaded into the oscilloscope: • QFILE_nn.SCP setup files, QFILE_nn.
Utilities To set up the I/O port to use a controller To set up the I/O port to use a controller Use the I/O menu to make settings if you have a controller connected to the oscilloscope. Controller type RS-232 Baud rate Handshake GPIB address Return to previous menu 1 Press the Controller softkey to set the controller interface to RS-232 or GPIB. GPIB will be a selection on this softkey only if you have the optional N2757A GPIB Interface Module connected to the oscilloscope.
Utilities To set up the I/O port to use a controller RS-232 Connections The signals for the 9-pin RS-232 port on the oscilloscope is listed below. Pin Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SHELL Signal Data Carrier Detect Receive Data Transmit Data Data Terminal Ready Signal Ground Data Set Ready Request to Send Clear to Send Ring Protective Ground Pin out of oscilloscope RS-232 port looking into DB9 male connector The follow figure shows the pin out of the recommended Agilent 34398A RS-232 cable.
Utilities To set the clock To set the clock The Clock menu allows you to set the current date and time of day (24-hour format). This time/date stamp will appear on hardcopy prints and directory information on the floppy disk. To set the date and time, or to view the current date and time: 1 Press the Utility key, press the Options softkey, then press the Clock softkey to display the Clock menu.
Utilities To set up the screen saver To set up the screen saver The oscilloscope can be configured to turn on a display screen saver when the oscilloscope has been idle for a specified length of time. 1 Press the Utility key, press the Options softkey, then press the Screen Svr softkey to display the screen saver menu. Screen saver image Screen saver Preview time set Return to previous menu 2 Press the Saver softkey to select the screen saver type.
Utilities To set up the screen saver 3 Turn the Entry knob to select the number of minutes to wait before the selected screen saver activates. When you turn the Entry knob, the number of minutes is displayed in the Svr Time softkey. The default time is 360 minutes (6 hours). The screen saver starts automatically if your oscilloscope is idle for the number of minutes specified in the Svr Time softkey. 4 Press the Preview softkey to preview the screen saver you have selected with the Saver softkey.
Utilities To perform service functions To perform service functions The Service menu allows you to: • perform User Cal on the oscilloscope • view User Cal status • perform instrument Self Test • view information about your oscilloscope model number, code revision information, modules attached, and User Cal status. • Press the Utility key, then press the Service softkey to display the service menu.
Utilities To perform service functions User Cal Status Pressing the User Cal Status softkey displays the following summary results of the previous User Cal. Results: User Cal date: DT since last User Cal: Failure: Comments: Self test Pressing the Start Self Test softkey performs a series of internal procedures to verify that the oscilloscope and any attached module are operating properly. It is recommended you run Self Test: • after experiencing abnormal operation.
Utilities To set other options To set other options The options menu contains two additional softkeys to help configure the oscilloscope. Expand softkey When you change a channel’s volts/division setting, the waveform display can be set to expand about ground or set to expand about the center of the display. Expand About Ground the displayed waveform will expand about the position of the channel’s ground. This is the default setting.
7 Performance Characteristics
Performance Characteristics This chapter lists the performance characteristics for the Agilent 54620-series and 54640-series oscilloscopes. • The 54620-series performance characteristics start on page 7-3. The 54640-series performance characteristics start on page 7-13.
Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 °C from firmware calibration temperature. Acquisition: Analog Channels Max Sample rate Max Memory Depth Vertical Resolution Peak Detection Averages High Resolution Mode Filter: 200 MSa/s 4 MB interleaved, 2 MB each channel 8 bits 5 ns selectable from 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 ...
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature. Vertical System: Analog Channels Analog channels 54621A/21D, 54622A/22D: Ch1 and 2 simultaneous acquisition 54624A: Ch 1, 2, 3, and 4 simultaneous acquisition Bandwidth (-3dB)* 54621A/22D: dc to 60 MHz 54622A/22D/24A: dc to 100 MHz ac coupled 54621A/21D: 3.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature. Analog Channel Triggering Range (Internal) Sensitivity* Coupling ±6 div from center screen Greater of 0.35 div or 2.5 mV AC (~3.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature. FFT Points Source of FFT Window Noise Floor Amplitude Display Frequency Resolution: Maximum Frequency Fixed at 2048 points Analog channels 1 or 2 (or 3 or 4 for 54624A), 1+2, 1-2, 1*2 Rectangular, Flattop, Hanning -70 to -100 dB depending on averaging In dBV 0.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature. General Characteristics Physical: Size Weight Calibrator Output Trigger Out Printer Power Kensington lock 32.26 cm wide x 17.27 cm high x 31.75 cm deep (without handle) 6.35 kgs (14 lbs) Frequency ~1.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics 7-12
Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature. Acquisition: Analog Channels Max Sample rate Max Memory Depth Vertical Resolution Peak Detection Averages High Resolution Mode Filter: 2 GSa/s interleaved, 1 GSa/s each channel 8 MB interleaved, 4 MB each channel 8 bits 1 ns @ max sample rate selectable from 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 ...
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature. Vertical System: Analog Channels Analog channels Bandwidth (-3dB)* Ch1 and 2 simultaneous acquisition 54641A/41D: dc to 350 MHz 54642A/42D: dc to 500 MHz 54641A/41D: 3.5 Hz to 350 MHz 54642A/42D: 3.5 Hz to 500 MHz 54641A/41D: ~1.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature. Horizontal Range Resolution Vernier Reference Positions Delay Range Pre-trigger (negative delay) Post-trigger (positive delay) Analog Delta-t Accuracy Same Channel* 1 ns/div to 50 s/div 2.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature. Analog Channel Triggering Range (Internal) Sensitivity* ±6 div <10 mV/div: Greater of 1 div or 5 mV ≥10 mV/div: 0.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature. FFT Points Source of FFT Window Noise Floor Amplitude Display Frequency Resolution: Maximum Frequency Fixed at 2048 points Analog channels 1 or 2, 1+2, 1-2, 1*2 Rectangular, Flattop, Hanning -70 to -100 dB depending on averaging In dBV, dBm @ 50 ohm 0.
Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 ° C from firmware calibration temperature. General Characteristics Physical: Size Weight Calibrator Output Trigger Out Printer Power Kensington lock 32.26 cm wide x 17.27 cm high x 31.75 cm deep (without handle) 6.
7-22
Index Symbols (-)Width measurement 5-43 (+)Width measurement 5-43 Numerics 1*2 math function 5-19 1-2 math function 5-20 A about oscilloscope 6-15 AC channel coupling 4-8 accessories 1-5, 1-9 acquire 2-3, 5-8 acquiring data 4-26 acquisition memory 3-3 acquisition mode 4-17 average 4-19 normal 4-18 peak detect 4-18 realtime 4-20 activity indicator 4-33 address, GPIB 6-9 adjust the handle 1-12 aliasing, FFT 5-25 Amplitude measurement 5-48 analog channel probe attenuation 4-10 analog channel setup 4-7 analog
Index E ECL threshold 4-37 edge triggering 3-12 EEPROM data read, I2C trigger 3-26 Entry knob 1-24, 2-2 Epson printer 6-6 erase display 4-31 expand about 2-17, 4-8, 6-16 external trigger edge source 3-13 input impedance 3-10 probe attenuation 3-10 probe settings 3-9 probe units 3-10 F factory setup, default 4-54 Fall time measurement 5-43 FFT measurements 5-25 FFT window 5-28 Flat top window 5-28 floppy disk 6-8 form feed, printer 6-7 frame trigger, I2C 3-26 Frequency measurement 5-42 front-panel 2-7 front
Index P pan and zoom 4-23, 4-24 parallel printer port 6-6 pattern duration trigger 3-21 pattern trigger 3-17 SPI trigger 3-38 pattern trigger 3-17 peak detect acquire mode 2-4, 4-18, 5-10 Peak-peak measurement 5-48 performance characteristics 7-1 54620-series 7-3 54640-series 7-13 Period measurement 5-42 Phase measurement 5-46 position 2-16 position, analog 4-8 post-processing 2-6 pouch 1-5 power switch 1-13 power-on 1-13 predefined labels 4-44 Preset, FFT 5-27 Preshoot measurement 5-50 print 2-24, 4-53 pr
Index trigger coupling 3-6 external 3-9 HF Reject 3-6 holdoff 3-7 hysteresis 5-7 mode 3-3 mode/coupling 3-3 noise reject 3-6 slope 3-12 source 3-12 trigger mode auto 3-4 auto level 3-4 normal 3-5 Trigger Out connector 3-54 trigger type 3-11 CAN 3-19 duration 3-21 edge 3-12 glitch 3-14 I2C 3-24 LIN 3-29 pattern 3-17 pulse width 3-14 sequence 3-31 slope 3-12 SPI 3-37 TV 3-42 USB 3-52 triggering 3-1 TTL threshold 4-37 TV trigger 3-42 V vectors 2-5, 4-22 vernier 2-19 vernier, channel 4-9 vernier, sweep speed
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014 Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address: Agilent Technologies, Inc. Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907 U.S.A.
54620-series Product Regulations EMC Performance Criteria IEC 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 / EN 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1991 IEC 61000-4-2:1995+A1:1998 / EN 61000-4-2:1995 IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1995 IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995 IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996 Canada: ICES-001:1998 Safety B B B A, B (1) IEC 61010-1:1990+A1:1992+A2:1995 / EN 61010-1:1993+A2:1995 Canada: CSA C22.2 No. 1010.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014 Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address: Agilent Technologies, Inc. 1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907 U.S.A. Declares, that the product Product Name: Digitizing Oscilloscope Model Number: 54641A Product Options: This declaration covers all options of the above product(s).
54641A Product Regulations Performance Criteria1 EMC IEC 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 / EN 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1991 IEC 61000-4-2:1995+A1:1998 / EN 61000-4 -2:1995 (4 kV CD, 8 kV AD) IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1995 (3V/m, 80-1000 MHz) IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995 (0.5 kV signal lines, 1 kV power lines) IEC 61000-4-5:1995/EN 61000-4-5:1995 (0.5 kv line-line, 1 kV line-ground) IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996 (3V, 0.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014 Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address: Agilent Technologies, Inc. 1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907 U.S.A. Declares, that the product Product Name: Digitizing Oscilloscope Model Number: 54641D Product Options: This declaration covers all options of the above product(s).
54641D Product Regulations Performance Criteria1 EMC IEC 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 / EN 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1991 IEC 61000-4-2:1995+A1:1998 / EN 61000-4 -2:1995 (4 kV CD, 8 kV AD) IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1995 (3V/m, 80-1000 MHz) IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995 (0.5 kV signal lines, 1 kV power lines) IEC 61000-4-5:1995/EN 61000-4-5:1995 (0.5 kv line-line, 1 kV line-ground) IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996 (3V, 0.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014 Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address: Agilent Technologies, Inc. 1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907 U.S.A. Declares, that the product Product Name: Digitizing Oscilloscope Model Number: 54642A Product Options: This declaration covers all options of the above product(s).
54642A Product Regulations Performance Criteria1 EMC IEC 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 / EN 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1991 IEC 61000-4-2:1995+A1:1998 / EN 61000-4 -2:1995 (4 kV CD, 8 kV AD) IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1995 (3V/m, 80-1000 MHz) IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995 (0.5 kV signal lines, 1 kV power lines) IEC 61000-4-5:1995/EN 61000-4-5:1995 (0.5 kv line-line, 1 kV line-ground) IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996 (3V, 0.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014 Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address: Agilent Technologies, Inc. 1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907 U.S.A. Declares, that the product Product Name: Digitizing Oscilloscope Model Number: 54642D Product Options: This declaration covers all options of the above product(s).
54642D Product Regulations Performance Criteria1 EMC IEC 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 / EN 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1991 IEC 61000-4-2:1995+A1:1998 / EN 61000-4-2:1995 IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1995 IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995 IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996 Canada: ICES-001:1998 Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS 2064.1 Safety B B B B IEC 61010-1:1990+A1:1992+A2:1995 / EN 61010-1:1993+A2:1995 Canada: CSA C22.2 No. 1010.
Safety Notices • Whenever it is likely that the ground protection is impaired, you must make the instrument inoperative and secure it against any unintended operation. This apparatus has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010, Safety Requirements for Measuring Apparatus, and has been supplied in a safe condition. This is a Safety Class I instrument (provided with terminal for protective earthing).
Notices © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2000-2002 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.
