Specifications

10
Image Quality and Film System Classications
A New Film System Classication
The introduction of the Industrial Film
Systems Classication Standards
EN 584-1, ASTM E-1815, ISO 11699-1 and
JIS-K7627 provides an important means
to assign lm systems to the appropriate
lm system class.
These standards identify the various types
of industrial X-ray lm systems and
classify them based on objectively
quantied parameters that are the
foundation of lm imaging performance.
The standards for control of lm
processing EN 584-2 and ISO 11699-2
provide the means to control the
processing at the processor user level. The
objective is to make sure that a classied
system will produce the expected
capabilities in daily use.
As a result of being able to objectively
determine the performance of a specic
Film System (Film + Chemistry +
Processing), lm radiography remains the
number one and most widely used NDT
technique.
The classication system classies a lm
inclusive of lm processing (type and
chemicals). This illustrates the importance
of processing in relation to imaging.
The parameters are:
G2 (contrast) Net density: D = 2
G4 (contrast) Net density: D = 4
D (noise) Net density: D = 2
G/
σD Net density: D = 2
These parameters are selected based on
the insight into imaging theory applied to
the industrial X-ray lm systems. G is a
measure of the signal gain factor and
σD
indicates the noise, so that G/
σd
represents the signal/ noise ratio.
In the context of growing quality
awareness, the new perception of lm
system classication, described in EN 584,
ASTM 1815, ISO 11699 and JIS-K7627,
gradually became norm for the industry.
Technical Specications
A/Automatic
Chemicals G 135/G 335 - development immersion time : 100 sec.
Developing temperature: 28°C
Gradient G σD G/σd ISO
SPEED
DOSE
m Gy
Film type CEN ISO ASTM DENS=2 DENS=4 DENS=2 DENS=2 S D =2
D2 C1 C1 special 5.5 9.9 0.018 371 32 22.3
D3 C2 C2 I 5.4 9.7 0.020 294 64 14.0
D4 C3 C3 I 4.7 9.0 0.023 232 100 8.7
D5 C4 C4 I 4.6 8.0 0.028 169 200 4.6
D7 C5 C5 II 4.5 7.1 0.032 142 320 3.2
D8 C6 C6 III 4.4 7.0 0.039 114 400 2.2
B/Manual
Chemicals G 128/G 328 - development immersion time : 300 sec.
Developing temperature: 20°C
Gradient G σD G/σd ISO
SPEED
DOSE
m Gy
Film type CEN ISO ASTM DENS=2 DENS=4 DENS=2 DENS=2 S D=2
D2 C1 C1 special 5.1 9. 0.013 392 32 23.5
D3 C2 C2 I 4.8 8.4 0.016 303 64 14.0
D4 C3 C3 I 4.6 8.0 0.020 232 100 8.7
D5 C4 C4 I 4. 8.0 0.026 177 160 4.4
D7 C5 C5 II 4.6 8.0 0.032 144 320 3.2
D8 C6 C6 III 4.1 6.8 0.035 117 400 2.2
Image Quality & Film System Classes
Film
Type
CEN
EN 584-1
ASTM
E 1815-96
ISO
11699-1
JIS- K7627
D2 C1 special C1 T1
D3 C2 I C2 T1
D4 C3 I C3 T2
D5 C4 I C4 T2
D7 C5 II C5 T3
D8 C6 III C6 T4
Every application and every object require a specific class of industrial radiographic film or film system class which
includes complementary film and film processing.