GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies X-Ray Radiographic Film Systems
GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies A global leader in technology-driven inspection solutions that deliver productivity, quality and safety to our customers.
Industry Focus with Broad Experience No matter what your inspection or testing challenge is, we can help. At GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies, we are proud to continue the long legacy of leadership and innovation that we inherit as a member of the GE family of companies. Founded by Thomas Edison in 1878 as the Edison Electric Co., GE is known around the world for its excellence, innovation and imagination.
End-To-End NDT Solutions Based On Fully Compatible Components. Whether you are an inspection services provider or the manufacturer of the thousands of products that undergo non-destructive testing — and wherever you are in the world — you can trust GE for advanced NDT solutions, consistent performance and unsurpassed service. Film Systems GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies is the sole supplier of Structurix industrial radiographic films from Agfa.
Structurix Film Systems GE exclusively offers a solution with all components designed to work together seamlessly, start to finish. In bringing you integrated film systems, we’re assuring you improved quality and safety, greater ease, savings in time and costs and the peace of mind that comes with a proven, end-to-end solution. In offering you renowned Structurix film systems, we’re providing you the films and solutions most widely used in industrial radiography.
Structurix Films – Advantages The Structurix film family has two key advantages of great importance in non-destructive testing – image quality and consistent rugged behavior. Both result from Agfa’s advanced emulsion technology and ultramodern high-tech coating processes. Optimum Image Quality All Structurix films benefit from an Agfa emulsion breakthrough that provides increased contrast and maximum detail perceptibility.
Consistent Production Quality Structurix films are manufactured in large quantities. To ensure they meet the most rigorous worldwide quality standards, they are produced at a single facility under tightly controlled conditions in an ultramodern coating room. Agfa’s Total Quality Management approach, certified by the ISO 9001-2000 label, is the foundation of the system leading to this exceptional performance in production consistency.
Image Quality and Film System Classifications Every application and every object require a specific class of industrial radiographic film or film system class which includes complementary film and film processing. A New Film System Classification The introduction of the Industrial Film Systems Classification Standards EN 584-1, ASTM E-1815, ISO 11699-1 and JIS-K7627 provides an important means to assign film systems to the appropriate film system class.
BAM Certification Agfa was the first company in the world that can boast certification by BAM, the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. In addition to semi-annual product testing (design approval) and round robin tests recognizing the competence of the Agfa film lab, the certification process involves a quarterly production monitoring and an annual audit at the Agfa plant. The results are recorded in the corresponding certificates.
Characteristics and Applications Structurix D2 Extremely fine grain film with very high contrast. Ideal for exposures requiring the finest possible detail rendering. Structurix D3 s.c. & D4 s.c. Single coated film with very high image quality, accurate interpretability, high contrast and pleasant image tint. The ideal film for optical enlargements. The colorless back coating guarantees a very flat film under all conditions. Structurix D3 Ultra fine grain film with very high contrast.
Performance Characteristics Sensitometric Curves D4 s.c. D8 D7 D5 D3 s.c. D3 D4 3.5 D2 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Density Blue-base Log. rel. exp. 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Structurix D2 D3 s.c. D3 D4 D5 D7 D8 Exposure and processing parameters: 200 kV, Pb screens, autom. proc., 8 min. cycle, devel G 135, 28°C Technical Specifications Relative Exposure Factors Type STX D2 STX D3sc STX D3 STX D4sc STX D4 STX D5 STX D7 STX D8 100kV 9.0 9.5 4.1 5.4 3.0 1.7 1.0 0.6 200kV 7.0 8.0 4,3 4.8 2.
Exposure Diagrams Steel (Fe) • Type of X-ray tube: constant potential • Pb-screens • Density: 2 Structurix D2 Structurix D5 100 90 80 70 60 50 140 160 180 200 220 kV 240 260 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 mm 1 10 20 30 40 100 120 140 160 180 200 m.A.min kV m.A.min Exposure diagrams can be very useful for setting the correct exposure.
110 kV 130 100 90 80 70 60 50 30 20 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 mm 1 10 20 30 40 Structurix D3 100 90 80 70 60 50 70 90 110 40 30 kV 50 m . A .m i n 90 130 mm 1 10 20 30 40 Structurix D7 50 70 90 kV 110 130 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 50 70 90 m. A .min • Autom. proc.: 8 min.
Ci.h GBq.h Exposure Diagrams 1000 10000 100 D2 D3 D4 1000 D5 D8 D7 10 100 Ci.h 1 GBq.h Pb Screens: Density 2, SFD 1m Selenium 75 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 mm Fe 1000 100 D3 D2 D4 D5 1000 D8 D7 10 100 Ci.h 1 GBq.
Special Applications Sensitometric curves with RCF fluorometallic screens (300 kV) 4.5 Density Structurix F6 As a result of further improvements in its core business of radiographic film for all applications, Agfa introduced a better product for rapid access radiography. Structurix F6 is specially designed for offshore pipelines or similar applications. Such areas need short exposure time through the use of fluorometalic screens and fast processing cycles. This F6 film type is mainly blue sensitive.
Special Applications Sensitive to all UV and blue-emitting screens. Calcium tungstate with lead or lead oxide backing, so called fluorometallic screens (Structurix RCF Screens), are most suited for industrial applications. When maximum speed is important the use of very fast screens such as the Structurix 1200 screen can further reduce the exposure time by a factor of three to six compared to RCF screens. F8 is the ideal fast, high contrast, high definition film for fluorescent screen applications.
Structurix Intensifying Screens The Structurix range offers two intensifying screens: the RCF fluorometallic screen and the high speed 1200 fluorescent screen. Advantages The Structurix RCF fluorometallic and fluorescent 1200 screens, based on the conventional phosphor material calcium tungsten (CaWO4), diminish radiation exposure and/or the necessary level of radiation energy. They enable the radiographic penetration of thick objects.
400 uJ ) S = ( cm 200 Structurix Intensifying Screens 400 uJ ) S = ( cm 200 Relative exposure factor When making exposures with fluorescent screens, it is important to understand the potential impact of variables such as temperature, exposure energy and exposure time: • Intensifying screens fluoresce more brilliantly at low temperature.
The Right Packaging for Every Structurix Film GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies offers different forms of packaging, all in accordance with the ISO 5655 norm. Whatever the application of industrial radiography, there is a right Structurix film available, in the right packaging. No object is too large or too small. An X-ray film of the appropriate size is available for every exposure.
The Right Packaging for Every Structurix Film Pb ETE (Edge-To-Edge) Edge-to-edge Pb versions are available for sheet sizes for that lack a VACUPAC version. A specific advantage of the edge-to-edge is its double-sided edge. This feature makes it possible to place the film against or between elements of a work piece easily and accurately. Opening the edge-to-edge packaging is as simple as tearing open the wrapper using the thread included for this purpose, then removing the film via the long side.
DW ROLLPAC DW ROLLPAC packaging is specifically intended for material testing using low to very low radiation energy (<100 kV). Widths up to 35 cm are available. For testing at higher radiation energy levels (>100 kV), i.e., welding in boilers, storage tanks and pipelines, Pb ROLLPAC is used. ROLLPAC PRECUT Highly economical Films in ROLLPAC packaging can be supplied in precut lengths from 70 cm by special order only.
The Right Packaging for Every Structurix Film SHEET FILM IN DARKROOM PACKAGING These films are for use with reloadable metal or plastic cassettes and exposure holders. The high level of darkroom lighting tolerated by Structurix D films allows more comfortable loading and unloading conditions. Because of its low cost, darkroom packaging appears to be the most economical solution for certain applications. However, the total radiography cost must be considered.
Optimal Storage Of Structurix Films Handling and storage of X-ray film is an important aspect of the radiographical process. Guidelines are given in several international standards, i.e., ASTM E1254-97. Following are the recommendations for unexposed X-ray film. First, storage facilities for unexposed X-ray films should provide adequate protection from any penetrating radiation. If the films are stored for longer than three months, background radiation may not exceed 90 nGy/h (18 x 10-10 C/Kg/h).
Structurix Processing Equipment Our systems approach means your film processing options are fully compatible with Structurix chemicals and equipment. After being X-rayed, each radiographic film needs to be processed before examining the film results. Depending on the place, situation and application, processing of the industrial X-rays films is carried out by manual or automatic processing. GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies provides the full Structurix Film Systems product line.
Revolutionary ‘Eco’ or Cascade Fixing Processing Technology Since fixer replenishment is carried out in the second fixer tank, the concentration of silver in this tank remains very low. There is also very little carry-over of silver into the water tank, so that the waste water complies with the most stringent standards. Fixer replenishment works on the counter flow principle, with the first fixer tank being replenished from the overflow of the second fixer tank.
Structurix S Eco In addition to the unique advantages of the ‘eco’ processing technology, the Structurix S eco guarantees several other features. These include a large capacity, superior image quality, precise replenishment and minimum processing costs. Large capacity Structurix S eco can be set to either a 5 or an 8 minute cycle. In both cases, the throughput of the S eco is sufficient to meet the needs of large film users or companies with high production peaks.
User Comfort a Multifunctional drainage system The Structurix S eco is equipped with threeway drainage valves. This makes it simple to direct photo-chemicals and cleaning chemicals to the correct collection tank. The valves also prevent the formation of toxic fumes in the waste chemical collection tank. b c Unique daylight system When combined with the Structurix Feeder, the S eco becomes a unique and practical daylight system.
Structurix M Eco Compact and ecological The Structurix M ECO is the most compact processor of the Structurix Eco Film Systems, suited to applications that demand the highest image quality while being ecologically responsible. The secret lies in the double fixing tank, the cascade fixing system - a unique concept in the tabletop processors range. The ease of use and the problemfree maintenance make the Structurix M ECO an extremely user-friendly and reliable processor.
A Smart Choice for Excellent Film Output The Structurix M ECO is a compact film processor that occupies a minimal amount of space in your darkroom. The M ECO processor is versatile, in the laboratory or transportable in a mobile site darkroom. It processes sheet film as well as roll film up to any length. This processor appeals to environmentconscious companies of every size and activity where film image quality is of prime importance.
Structurix U Universal Reliability The high reliability of our processors and years of practical experience led to the development of this unique processor. Ease of use, ease of maintenance and the fact that it is suitable for almost every application combine to be the main advantages of the Structurix U. Universal use With the Structurix U, you have at your disposal the most universal processor from our selection. Structurix U combines simplicity, reliability and universal use in one processor.
Accessories • Darkroom panel • Feed tray cover (light-tight) • Two replenishment tanks of 30 litres with level sensor 3 1 • Feeder speed connection adaptor 4 7 5 7 6 7 2 • Water filter with cartridge 8 Peripherals • Structurix Mixer (50 Hz) • Structurix Feeder (50/60 Hz) with flip-top magazine 9 Operating diagram: 1 Film feed table 10 2 Control panel 3 Film area scanning 4 Developer tank 5 Fixer tank 6 Wash tank 7 Removable upper racks 8 Infrared dryer 9 Film receiving tray 10 Processor drain
Structurix Nova Compact Film Processor The Structurix Nova is a processor designed and built specifically for the industrial NDT testing environment. It is smart, robust, economical and automatic, and fills the gap in the market for a compact processor that can perform rugged NDT testing, while providing the quality of Structurix Film Systems and the features that users need. 36 Compact and portable The Nova is a tabletop processor that takes up just 0.
Easy to service and upgrade Lightweight aluminium side covers give easy access to the machine and the racks are easy to remove, clean and service. The circulating pumps are also easy to access and can be changed easily by the operator. Remote monitoring and diagnostics allow the service technician to connect the Nova to his PC directly or remotely and to transfer all data quickly and reliably.
Structurix FEEDER Automatic Film Feeding Daylight System Compact and time saving, the Structurix FEEDER converts the processors S eco and U into a unique and practical daylight system. With the Structurix FEEDER, you can save time and expense in the darkroom.
Structurix MIXER Timesaving and Standardized Chemical Mixing The Structurix MIXER is a fully independent unit that relieves you of mixing chemicals. To use the Structurix MIXER, simply place the bottles on top of the MIXER. The rest occurs automatically to save you time. Compact and solid The compact design of the Structurix MIXER means it requires very little space. The materials used in construction of the mixer have been chosen for greater strength and enhanced resistance to chemicals.
Structurix DRYER Fast and efficient film drying The Structurix Dryer is an instrument that helps customers who process films manually. GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies now introduces the new optimized version of the Structurix Dryer. Fast and efficient film drying With the new Structurix Dryer, films dry more rapidly than in conventional drying cabinets. The drying process immediately starts with no warm-up time needed.
Technical Specifications Structurix NDT Processors Si S Eco U M ECO NOVA Preprogrammed Cycles Optional Cycles 7 1.5 up to 12 Min. (per 30 Sec.) 7 1.5 up to 12 Min. (per 30 Sec.) 1 1.5 up to 12 Min. (per 1 Min.) 1 1.5 up to 12 Min. (per 1 Min.) Standard Processing Cycle Developer Immersion Time Capacity 10 cm x 48 cm (8 Min. Cycle) (4 Films Side by Side) 8 Min. 100 Sec. 300 Films/Hour 8 Min. 100 Sec. 148 Films/Hour 1 3 up to 12 Min. (per 1 Min.) OS-cycles: 1.5/2/2.5 8 Min. 100 Sec.
Structurix Chemicals Strategically designed to be compatible with our films and processing equipment, Structurix chemicals guarantee perfect film development. The chemistry involved in the processing of radiographic film is a crucial part of the total cycle. Because the goal in processing is to control all factors that influence the intrinsic quality of the industrial X-ray film, the use of optimal chemicals is essential.
Manual Processing Chemicals Structurix G 128 Developer G 128 is a single part, liquid developer for manual processing of industrial X-ray films. Its main advantages include: • Excellent stability during storage as concentrate • Robust performance in high temperature and high humidity conditions • Resistance to oxidation in normal use • Excellent speed • Exceptional contrast characteristics The G128 manual developer is available in boxes containing four sets of 5 litre bottles of concentrate.
Automatic Processing Chemicals The new Structurix Eco Chemicals are an important link in the total Structurix eco Film System. Thanks to the intelligent composition of the chemicals, ecoDEV and ecoFIX, it is possible to reduce chemistry consumption up to 60 percent, compared to the present reference levels while maintaining excellent sensitometric and physical characteristics.
Automatic Processing Chemicals The standard Structurix chemicals are recognized worldwide and have been used successfully in industrial X-ray labs for years, thanks to their high quality. Structurix G 135 Developer Structurix G 135 is a three-part developer for use with automatic processing. Structurix G135 is known for its stability, long shelf life and self-cleaning characteristics.
Cleaning Products State-of-the-art film system technology and regular maintenance of the film processor are the best guarantees of outstanding film image quality. Two innovative products help assure the intrinsic quality of the film processing. They are DEVCLEAN and FIXCLEAN, components of a universal cleaning solution for a clean processing system.
Structurix Eco Film System The Structurix Eco Film System combines both economy in use and ecological responsibility. This advanced film system minimizes its impact on the environment with less chemistry consumption, higher film throughput and lower energy usage. Choose from the Structurix Film System in 5 minute cycle (NDT S eco) or the Structurix Film System in 8 minute cycle (NDT S eco/M eco). Both are specially designed to meet the strictest standards for silver content in the wash water.
GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies provides safety and environment information on all film System products in your language and according to the legislation in your country. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) contain data about the composition of chemical substances and preparations and the relevant health, safety and environmental information. Article Information Sheets (AIS) contain data about Structurix Films.
Structurix Eco Film Systems The Structurix Eco Film System in 5 minute cycle The Structurix eco Film System in 8 minute cycle This Structurix Eco Film System has all possible economical advantages and features to minimize its impact on the environment, including: Compared to the Structurix Eco Film System with the S eco installed in a 5 minute cycle, this system operates with the S eco or M eco in an 8 minute cycle.
Technical Specifications Structurix Eco Film Systems Versus Structurix Standard Film Systems Structurix Eco Film Systems 8 Minute Cycle S eco M eco All Structurix Standard Film Systems 8 Minute Cycle U NOVA All Structurix Equipment 5 Minute Cycle S eco Structurix Films All Film Throughput • cm/min. • 35 x 43 cm Films/Hour 51 78 32 (S eco) / 20 (M eco) 48 / 30 Depending on Processor Type Depending on Processor Type ecoDEV: 550 ml/m2 ecoFIX: 700 ml/m2 ecoSTART: 25 l/l* 62.
Structurix Quality Assurance Tools Standard for control of film processing by means of reference values. To assist our customers in making sure the film systems render the expected capability in daily use, we refer to the standards for radiographic examination. EN444, ISO 5579, ASTM E94 and others specify that the user has to process the films in accordance with the conditions recommended by the manufacturer and pay special attention to monitor and control developing, fixing and washing.
Structurix Quality Assurance Tool Structurix Certified PMC Strip (Process Monitoring Control) The Structurix Certified PMC strip is a handy, fast and reliable tool for monitoring the quality of the film processing system and for proving compliance with existing standards on systems classifications. X-ray pre-exposed film strips These X-ray pre-exposed film strips are produced under Agfa’s Quality Management System (Q.M.S) conditions according to ISO 9001-2000.
Structurix Certified DENSTEP Structurix THIO-Test The Structurix CERTIFIED DENSTEP is a density step wedge film to verify the calibration of optical transmission densitometers used in the industrial X-ray field. Archivability check The archivability of the processed film is evaluated by measuring the residual thiosulphate in the emulsion layers. The Structurix Thio-Test provides the means for performing the control of fixing and washing as described in EN 584-2 and ISO 11699-2.
Regional Contact Information North America Japan +1866 243 2638 (toll free) +1 717 242 0327 +81 422 67 7067 +81 422 67 7068 Europe South America +49 2233 6010 +55 11 3067.8166 50 Industrial Park Road Lewistown, PA 17044 USA Robert Bosch Strasse 3 50354 Huerth Germany Medie Corp Bldg.8 2-4-14 Kichijoji-honcho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-0004 Japan Av. das Nações Unidas, 8501 - 1º andar 05425-070, São Paulo, SP Brazil Asia 5F, Building 1, No.
