TWIN OTTER EXTENDED Volume 2 Systems Version 19/11/2013 14:32:51 RECORD OF REVISIONS revision n° Issue date Release Description 1.00 06 July 2013 1.00 Online release 1.01 12 July 2013 1.01 Change in AP text 1.02 31 July 2013 1.03 Changed text about AP 1.03 14 Aug 2013 1.04 Changed paragraph on MDA 1.04 18 Nov. 13 1.10 Added text on MSG button (GPS) and Clock 1.05 19 Nov. 13 1.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-1 19 November 2013 CONTENTS GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 POWER PLANTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 ENGINE FAILURES ...............................................................................
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-2 19 November 2013 EXTERNAL LIGHTS ................................................................................................................................................. 12 POSITION LIGHTS .......................................................................................................................................... 12 ANTI-COLLISION LIGHTS .................................................................................................
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-3 19 November 2013 GENERAL The de Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter was developed by de Havilland Canada as STOL aircraft. It is still produced by Viking air. It has been successful as a cargo, passenger, firefighting and Medevac aircraft as well as being popular for sky diving operations.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-4 19 November 2013 ENGINE FAILURES The following failures are simulated: • • • • Excessive T5 temperature: Whenever the T5 temperature gauges goes into the red area, an over temperature situation exist. Depending on the amount of over temperature, the engines will fail after some time. Ice ingestion: When icing conditions exist, ice might build up near the engine air-intakes which might break off and get ingested to the engines, thus causing a flameout.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-5 19 November 2013 ENGINE TEMPERATURE (T 5 ) Engine temperature is measured at 8 locations in the gas stream between the gas generator turbine and the power turbine. An average of the temperature is send to the instrument panel and the gauge requires 26 volts to operate. GAS GENERATOR RPM (NG) Gas Generator RPM is measured at the accessory gear and is send to the instrument panel in percentage of maximum design RPM. FUEL FLOW See Fuel System section.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-6 19 November 2013 PROPELLER GOVERNOR The propeller governor is mounted on the reduction gearbox and combines the following functions: • • • Constant speed governor (regulates the turbine speed by varying the propeller pitch) Beta range control valve (controls the propeller angle in the beta range using the power control levers. Fuel governor On turbo prop aircraft, the pitch (angle between the blade and the relative wind) of the propeller can be varied.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Vol 2 Systems 2-1-7 19 November 2013 Beta modes allows much faster control of the thrust. Due to the slow response to throttle setting changes in turbo engines it is very impractical to use the throttle to control movement on the ground. You would have to wait for the gas generator to spin up (Ng increase), providing more torque through the power turbine (PT) increasing the prop RPM (Np).
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-8 19 November 2013 FUEL TANK SELECTOR In normal operation the aft tank feeds the left engine and the forward tank the right engine. Cross feed operation is possible through a fuel selector on the overhead panel.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-9 19 November 2013 Fuel heaters are installed on each engine to prevent ice crystals being formed. The heat exchangers use engine oil to heat the fuel. It is operated automatically by a temperature control valve. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The 28-volt direct current uses two engine driven starter-generators and a 40-amp-hour battery to feed the system. Two static inverters provide 115-volt and 26-volt alternating current.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED • Systems Vol 2 2-1-10 19 November 2013 RESET: when the generator drops offline (due to under voltage or over voltage) the RESET position must be held shortly before reconnecting. Do not try to reconnect more the two times! GENERATOR CAUTION LIGHTS The generator caution lights on the caution panel will illuminate when the generator is offline. Left light is powered from right bus, right light is powered from left bus.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-11 19 November 2013 400 Cycle Not simulated FWD Fuel Level Indicates < 75 pound of fuel in forward tank Check fuel gauges AFT Fuel Level Indicates < 110 pound of fuel in aft tank Check fuel gauges Indicates fuel boost pressure below 2 PSI and pump is switched off Automatic changeover will activate the secondary pump.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-12 19 November 2013 handle will illuminate. A test switch is installed to test the system. When the fire handles are pulled an extinguishing agent is released. The engine can no longer be used in flight after this. EXTERNAL LIGHTS The external lights consist of position lights, landing lights and anti-collision lights. POSITION LIGHTS The position (or navigation lights) are red and green on the wingtips and white in the tail.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-13 19 November 2013 actually have a range between 0 and 37.5° and not 40° as the scales indicate. Like many other controls they are operated with the mouse wheel (or with the standard FSX keyboard controls). To counter pitch movements on flaps extension and retraction the flaps are linked mechanically to the trim system. Although effective this will not fully remove pitch effects.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-14 19 November 2013 COLLINS AP-106 AUTOPILOT The Twin Otter Extended comes with a Collins AP-106 autopilot and FD-112V Flight Director. The ADI contains Flight Director Bars which indicates the required flight path to obtain the desired autopilot functions. When the Autopilot is engaged but no lateral mode selected, also called "Manual" mode. In this mode the Left/Right acting knob on the center of the Yoke will set the desired bank angle.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-15 19 November 2013 roll the aircraft further left. If the horizontal bar is displaced above the aircraft symbol then the pilot should increase pitch. Perfectly flown the horizontal and vertical bar should form a cross at the middle of the aircraft symbol in the ADI. Note that in IAS mode the horizontal bar indicates whether you fly too slow or too fast rather than required pitch.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED • • • • • • • • • • Systems Vol 2 2-1-16 19 November 2013 C rocker button (left click) - Swaps the active and standby Com1 frequency. V rocker button (left click) -Swaps the active and standby Nav1 frequency. C knob (left click) - GPS power - Turn On/Off the GPS unit. V knob (left click) - Nav1 Ident On/Off. Inner (large) Com/Vloc knob (mouse wheel) - Sets the integer frequencies of Com1 or Nav1 radios.
Aerosoft Twin Otter EXTENDED Systems Vol 2 2-1-17 19 November 2013 BENDIX KING KR 87 ADF RECEIVER To switch the KR 87 ADF receiver on, click on the power knob. The display will show the active ADF frequency to the left and the standby frequency to the right. The outer (large) knob will increase / decrease the 1,000th and the 100th numbers. The inner (small) knob will increase / decrease the 10th and the 1 digit numbers.
