Express XL and Express XLT ISDN Router/Bridge USER MANUAL Express XL, Data Only Express XLT with POTS Option 61200070L1-1B October 1998 1200070L1 1200070L2
Trademark: DMS-100 is a trademark of Northern Telecom, Inc. Ethernet is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation, and Xerox Corporation. ExpertISDN (patent number 5,715,241) is a trademark of ADTRAN, Inc. Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Novell, NetWare, and Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. 5ESS is a registered trademark of AT&T.
FCC regulations require that the following information be provided in this manual: 1. If this equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may temporarily discontinue service. If possible, advance notification is given; otherwise, notification is given as soon as possible. The telephone company will advise the customer of the right to file a complaint with the FCC. 2.
CANADIAN EMISSIONS REQUIREMENTS This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled "Digital Apparatus," ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Table of Contents Quick Startup Guide ........................................................................................................ 1 Setting up the ISDN Line .................................................................................................. 1 Connecting to an Internet Service Provider ................................................................... 2 Multiprotocol Routing Between Two LANs .................................................................. 3 Chapter 1.
Table of Contents Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure ................................................. Terminal Menu Structure .................................................................................................. Configuration ............................................................................................................... Dial................................................................................................................................. Status ....
Table of Contents IP/Static Routes ................................................................................................... Static Routes/Active ..................................................................................... Static Routes/IP Address............................................................................. Static Routes/Subnet Mask.......................................................................... Static Routes/Gateway..............................................
Table of Contents Bridge/Spanning Tree......................................................................................... Spanning Tree/Mode ................................................................................... Spanning Tree/Priority ................................................................................ Spanning Tree/Maximum Age ................................................................... Spanning Tree/Hello Time .........................................................
Table of Contents Connection List/IP .............................................................................................. IP/Mode ......................................................................................................... IP/NAT........................................................................................................... IP/Route ......................................................................................................... Route/IP/Net .......................
Table of Contents Connection List/Bandwidth .............................................................................. Bandwidth/On Demand .............................................................................. Bandwidth/Mode ................................................................................... Bandwidth/Idle Timeout....................................................................... Bandwidth/Preempt Time ...................................................................
Table of Contents Dial Menu............................................................................................................................ Dial/Description.......................................................................................................... Dial/Dial....................................................................................................................... Dial/Hang Up...............................................................................................
Table of Contents Upgrade/TFTP Host ........................................................................................... Upgrade/Filename .............................................................................................. Upgrade/Status.................................................................................................... Upgrade/Start Transfer ...................................................................................... Upgrade/Abort Transfer .......................
List of Figures Figure 1-1: Figure 1-2: Figure 1-3: Figure 1-4: Figure 1-5: Figure 1-6: Figure 1-7: Figure 2-1: Figure 2-2: Figure 3-1: Figure 3-2: Figure 3-3: Figure 3-4: Figure 3-5: Figure 3-6: Figure 3-7: Figure 3-8: Figure 3-9: Figure 3-10: Figure 3-11: Figure 3-12: Figure 3-13: Figure 3-14: 61200070L1-1 Express XL/XLT .................................................................................... 7 Single User to Corporate LAN ............................................................
List of Figures x Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
List of Tables Table 2-A: Table 4-A: Table D-A: Table D-B: Table D-C: Table D-D: 61200070L1-1 Using the Flash-Hook ........................................................................... 22 Troubleshooting Calls........................................................................... 113 IBM/AT Style EIA-232 Interface ......................................................... 143 RJ-45 ISDN BRI U .................................................................................. 143 RJ-11 POTS........
List of Tables xii Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
Quick Startup Guide SETTING UP THE ISDN LINE Before configuring the Express XL/XLT, ensure that the telephone service has provided the switch type, service profile identification (SPID), and local directory number (LDN). Example: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Switch Type SPID1 SPID2 LDN1 LDN2 National ISDN-1 20555512120100 20555512130100 5551212 5551213 Connect a VT 100 async terminal, or personal computer with a terminal emulator running 9600 N-8-1, to the MAINTENANCE port.
Quick Startup Guide CONNECTING TO AN INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER Internet Access using Network Address Translation (NAT) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 2 Connect the 10BaseT cable from the PC’s network card to the Express XL/ XLT. Select TO NIC on the Express XL/XLT back panel. Go to the Configuration/Connection List menu, and then press the right arrow key to place the cursor on the Num column. Type I to insert a new Connection List entry.
Quick Startup Guide 19. If the call is successful, the Status column will read active. If not, make sure the number(s) are correct or reference Chapter 4 on page 107 (the troubleshooting chapter) before going on to the next step. 20. Once the call is up, the PC must generate a DHCP request to obtain the IP parameters needed to get on the Internet. Refer to your PC’s user manual or help screen.
Quick Startup Guide 11. Enter the IP address and Netmask parameters of the access server at the remote site. This creates a static route to the access server’s network which is entered into the Express XL/XLT’s IP route table. 12. Move the cursor over the RIP menu. Check with the network administrator for the type of routing protocol used. The Express XL/XLT supports RIP versions 1 and 2. The protocol is set in the Protocol parameter. 13. Select Yes for the Triggered parameter.
Quick Startup Guide When the computer which is attached to the local LAN attempts to access a host on the access server, the Express XL/XLT will dial the number provided in the Connection List profile. The Express XL/XLT will provide one of two B-channels based on traffic demand and POTS port usage (Express XLT model only).
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Chapter 1 Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT ISDN OVERVIEW The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a public or private switched digital network. ISDN is an international standard for digital communications, allowing a full range of enhanced services supporting voice, data, and image applications through standard interfaces over a single telephone wire.
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT Applications Single User to Corporate LAN • • • • • Telecommuter/Home Office Access to the corporate LAN Single device access User Datagram Protocol (UDP) broadcasts are “relayed” to corporate LAN. Client device can obtain the Internet Protocol (IP) address dynamically using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT Single User IP to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using Network Address Translation (NAT) • • • • • • Provides high speed home access to the Internet NAT provides translation from user assigned IP addresses to ISP assigned IP addresses. The PC’s IP address can be dynamically assigned by the Express XL/XLT.
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT Multiple Users to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using NAT • • • • • • Provides high speed home access to the Internet Multiple and simultaneous access The PC’s IP address can by dynamically assigned by the Express XL/XLT. On-demand Internet access Multilink PPP plus compression yields effective throughput greater than 256 kbps.
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT Small Office - Home Office (SOHO) to Corporate LAN • • • • • • Connects the small office or home office to the corporate LAN Routes IP and Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) traffic from multiple devices to the corporate LAN Bridges all non-routed traffic (e.g.
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT 2. IP Router: The Express XL/XLT can function as an IP router using the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) for advertising and learning routes among other routers. Static routes may also be entered into the routing table. 3. IPX Router: IPX routers and services can be exchanged between the Express XL/XLT and other devices using RIP and Service Advertising Protocol (SAP).
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT Bridging In Bridge Mode, the Express XL/XLT can communicate with two remote networks at a time. The destination is dialed by setting up a Connection List profile and choosing Dial on the Dial menu. See Configuration/Connection List on page 63 for instructions on setting up a Connection List profile.
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT IP Routing The Express XL/XLT operates as a dial-up IP router when the Configuration/ IP/IP Router/Mode option is configured to On. The Express XL/XLT uses an IP unnumbered WAN interface; the IP address and mask assigned to the unit’s LAN interface apply to all routing and IP operations for the unit. If a default gateway is specified on the network of the Ethernet interface, the unit attempts to reach the gateway through that interface.
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT IPX Routing Like IP routing, the Express XL/XLT can connect to two different sites and exchange IPX packets. Network routes and services are learned and advertised using Novell’s RIP and SAP. Routes and services learned from a separate site can be retained in the Express XL/XLT when the connection goes idle.
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT Network Address Translation Mode NAT is a special mode of operation in which the Express XL/XLT obtains a dynamically assigned IP address from the peer router (typically an Internet Service Provider). This allows a network of computers to benefit from Ethernet to ISDN speeds while still appearing to the Internet Service Provider (or central site router) as a single IP address which is typical of PC based serial dial-up solutions.
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT WAN Indicators LNK B1 B2 Loop PWR Flashes when the link is being negotiated; solid when the link is active. Flashes when a call on the B1 channel is in progress; solid when a call is connected. Flashes when a call on the B2 channel is in progress; solid when a call is connected. Indicates ISDN layers status. Indicator is off when layer 1 is down. A fast flash indicates layer 1 is up and layer 2 is down.
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT ISDN Connection From the network, ISDN is delivered by a single 2-wire 2B1Q U-interface which is connected directly to the Express XL/XLT. ISDN network termination is designed into the Express XL/XLT, eliminating the need and expense of a separate NT1. For network testing, the Express XL/XLT responds to NT1 test commands from the telephone company central office (CO).
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT Ordering ISDN When ordering ISDN from the telephone company, request EZ-ISDN 1 (Capability Package U) to ensure it is set up properly. EZ-ISDN 1 is recommended by the industry for most home office/small business applications. If this is not available from your service provider or you would like more information regarding ordering ISDN, see the ADTRAN document Ordering ISDN Service User Guide part number 60000.
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT be assigned under the Configuration/IP/NAT menu that allows incoming HTTP, FTP, and mail server requests from the Internet to be translated and forwarded to this address on the user network. Configuration The Express XL/XLT is configured using a menu-based interface.
Chapter 2 Installation After unpacking the unit, immediately inspect it for possible shipping damage. If damage is discovered, file a claim immediately with the shipping carrier; then contact the ADTRAN Repair and Return department. ISDN NETWORK CONNECTION The Express XL/XLT supports either dial or leased operation. A single RJ-45 modular jack labeled ISDN BRI U on the rear panel provides connection to either network service.
Chapter 2: Installation TELEPHONE CONNECTION (XLT ONLY) Basic Telephone Service The Express XLT supports an analog DTMF telephone type (AT&T 2500) with the POTS interface, part number 1200070L2. The telephone or other analog device (like a fax machine or modem) plugs into an RJ-11 jack labeled PHONE located on the rear of the unit. Using a multipoint line allows the POTS and data port to have unique phone numbers.
Chapter 2: Installation Table 2-A Using the Flash-Hook Calling a second party with an active call. Flash-hook to place active call on hold and dial new number. Hanging up will terminate the call. Answering an incoming call with an active call at call waiting. Flash-hook to place active call on hold and answer incoming call. Hanging up will terminate both calls. Conferencing Calls. With an outgoing call on hold, and a second outgoing call active, flash-hook to conference calls.
Chapter 2: Installation To Telephone Company Yellow Red Green Black New Wiring Scheme Personal Computer Express XLT 10-Base-T Phone U Yellow To Telephone Company Red Green Black Figure 2-1 Wiring Scheme 1: Use existing analog telephone equipment, but replace single analog telephone service with ISDN service 24 Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
Chapter 2: Installation To Telephone Company Yellow Red Green Black New Wiring Scheme Personal Computer Express XLT 10-Base-T Phone Red U Green Yellow To Telephone Company Red Green Black WARNING Ensure other yellow and black wire functions are removed before using this wiring scheme.
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Chapter 3 Terminal Menu Operation and Structure TERMINAL MENU STRUCTURE The Express XL/XLT uses a multilevel menu structure containing both menu items and data fields. All menu operations and data display in the terminal menu window. The Express XL/XLT is shipped in the Factory Default configuration. Connect any VT 100 or VT 220 type terminal emulator to the maintenance port. The default rate is 9600 baud 8-N-1. The terminal emulator can flow the Express XL/XLT off using software flow control.
Right Pane Lists available submenus. Additional submenus available through this pane are indicated by the [+] and [DATA] symbols. Express XL/XLT User Manual Left Pane Lists available menus. Mode Describes current operating mode. Figure 3-1 Top Level Terminal Menu 61200070L1-1 Loop Status Displays current status of ISDN line. B-channel Status Displays current status of each B channel. Navigation Help Displays list of characters you can use to navigate the terminal menus. Press Control-Z.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Status The Status menu provides options to review and monitor the status of the Express XL/XLT system. See the section Status Menu on page 90 for detailed information on the available options. Test The Test menu can be used for performing diagnostic testing of the Express XL/XLT. See the section Test Menu on page 98 for detailed information on the tests available. Logs The Logs menu can be used for viewing the operational logs for the Express XL/XLT.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure NAVIGATING THE TERMINAL MENUS The following sections provide information on how to navigate through the terminal menus. General Layout When you first start a terminal mode session, the window shown in Figure 31 on page 28 displays. The screen is divided into left and right panes. The left pane shows the current list of submenus, while the right pane shows the contents of a selected submenu.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Navigation with the Keyboard You can use different keystrokes to navigate through the terminal menu. Press Control-Z to activate a pop-up screen with the available keystrokes. The following section provides a list of the available keystrokes and the results: General Navigation H Returns to the home screen. J Jumps between two menu items. Press J while on a menu item of interest, and you will jump back to the main screen.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure ConÞguration 32 F Restores factory default settings. This setting restores the factory defaults based on the location of the cursor. Entire submenus can be factory defaulted. C Copies selected items to the clipboard. The amount of information you can copy depends on the cursor location when you press C. For example, if the cursor is over an editable field, only that item is copied.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Security Levels Each menu item on the configuration screens has an associated security level. The security level ranges from 0 (highest security level) to 5 (lowest security level). This level determines whether a Telnet session can access that menu item. The Telnet session is assigned a security level set by the user. Passwords can only be accessed as security level 0. The maintenance port is always at security level 0.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure CONFIGURATION MENU Configuration/System Info The System Info menu provides basic information about the unit and displays data fields for editing information. Figure 3-2 displays the submenus available under this menu item. Figure 3-2 Configuration/System Info Screen System Name Write security: 3; Read security: 5 Provides a user configurable text string for the name of the Express XL/XLT. This name can help distinguish between different installations.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure up to 31 alpha-numeric characters in this field, including spaces and special characters (such as an under bar). System Contact Write security: 3; Read security: 5 Provides a user configurable text string for the contact name. This field can contain a name, phone number, or e-mail address of a person responsible for the Express XL/XLT.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/WAN The WAN menu is used to set up the ISDN parameters for the Express XL/ XLT. Also, for the Express XLT, a POTS menu is provided. Figure 3-3 shows the WAN menu. Figure 3-3 Configuration/WAN Screen WAN/ISDN Write security: 2; Read security: 5 Selects the mode the ISDN line is in. If connecting to the public network, select Dial (def). If connecting to a leased wire for back-to-back operation, select Leased.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Dial Line/Switch Protocol Write security: 2; Read security: 5 Find out what kind of ISDN switch protocol the local CO is using by asking the local telephone administrator or the telephone company representative.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Dial Line/LDN 1 or 2 Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This option allows the entry of 0, 1, or 2 LDNs. The LDN is used when placing or receiving calls. The LDN is the local phone number assigned to the line. LDN 1 = 5 5 5 1 2 1 2 LDN 2 = 5 5 5 1 2 1 3 Disconnect the network interface from the unit before initially entering or altering the SPIDs and LDNs.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure ISDN/FEBEs Read security: 5 This contains the number of Far-End-Block-Errors (FEBEs) that have been detected by the ISDN circuitry on the other end of the link. Continuous errors can indicate a line problem, but a burst at one time is normal. WAN/POTS Write security: 2; Read security: 5 POTS parameters are under this menu. They appear only under the Express XLT version.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/IP The IP menu is used to set up the IP parameters for the Express XL/XLT. Any general IP-related configuration item is under this menu. Figure 3-4 shows the IP menu. Figure 3-4 Configuration/IP Screen IP/IP Address Write security: 2; Read security: 5 The IP address assigned to the Express XL/XLT’s Ethernet port is set here. This address must be unique within the network. Factory default is 10.0.0.1.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IP/Default Gateway Write security: 3; Read security: 5 The default gateway is used by the Express XL/XLT for sending IP packets whose destination address is not found in the route table. If this address is all zeros, then the first WAN connection becomes the default gateway. If the address entered is not on the Ethernet segment, then an “idle route” entry is added to the route table. IP/Static Routes Static Routes can be inserted under this menu.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Static Routes/Private Write security: 4; Read security: 5 When set to No, the Express XL/XLT will advertise this static route using RIP. Otherwise, setting to Yes means that the route is kept private. IP/IP Router The IP router is configured under this menu as follows. IP Router/Mode Write security: 3; Read security: 5 When this option is set to On (def), the Express XL/XLT will advertise and listen to routes from other IP routers.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure RIP/Method Write security: 3; Read security: 5 Split Horizon - Only routes not learned on the Ethernet port are advertised. Poison Reverse (def) - All routes are advertised, including routes learned from the Ethernet port. These routes are poisoned. None - All routes are advertised, including routes learned from the Ethernet port. No attempt is made to poison these routes.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure NAT/DHCP Renewal Time Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This is the number of hours that the DHCP server should allow the device before it is required to send a new DHCP request. The default is 15 hours, and 0 represents an infinite lease. NAT/Web Server Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This is the IP address of a web server on the Ethernet network.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IP/UDP Relay The Express XL/XLT can be configured as a relay agent for UDP broadcast packets. Normally, a router will not forward UDP broadcast packets. However, many network application use UDP broadcasts to configure addresses, host names, and other information. If hosts using these protocols are not on the same network segment as the servers providing the information, the client programs will not receive a response without enabling the UDP relay agent.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IP/Proxy ARP Write security: 4; Read security: 5 This feature allows the network portion of a group of addresses to be shared between several physical network segments. The ARP protocol itself provides a way for devices to create a mapping between physical (i.e., Ethernet) addresses and logical IP addresses. Proxy ARP makes use of this mapping feature by instructing a router to answer ARP requests as a “proxy” for the IP addresses behind one of its ports.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/IPX The IPX menu is used to set up the IPX parameters for the Express XL/XLT. Any general IPX-related configuration item can be found under this menu. Figure 3-5 shows the IPX menu. Figure 3-5 Configuration/IPX Screen IPX/Mode Write security: 2; Read security: 5 When this option is set to On (def), the Express XL/XLT will route IPX. Setting it to Off will disable all IPX functionality.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IPX/Frame Type Write security: 2; Read security: 5 The Express XL/XLT supports all four defined IPX frame types. The possible frame types are: Ether Type II (def), Ether 802.3 (Raw), Ether 802.2, or Ether SNAP (802.2 SNAP). Only one frame type can be used at one time. IPX/Seed Status Write security: 2; Read security: 5 The seed status defines what the Express XL/XLT is to do with the network information on the selected frame type during startup.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IPX/SAP Timer Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This value specifies how often the Express XL/XLT sends out IPX SAP (Service Access Protocol) packets on the network segment attached to the Ethernet port. The SAP packets sent contain information about the services (such as servers, printers, etc.) for which this Express XL/XLT is responsible. The default value is 60 seconds.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/Bridge The Bridge menu is used to set up the bridge parameters for the Express XL/ XLT. The bridging function runs at the Media Access Control (MAC) level which allows any protocol packets that run over Ethernet to be forwarded. Bridging can run concurrently with the IP and IPX routing. However, certain rules apply for when packets are bridged across a WAN connection.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure negotiate PPP IPCP to exchange IP packets. However, if a device can only support PPP BCP, IP packets are encapsulated by the device as bridge packets. The Express XL/XLT can treat the WAN IP Bridge as a virtual Ethernet port connected only to a WAN device which has negotiated PPP BCP. This menu allows the IP parameters for this virtual Ethernet to be setup.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure WAN IPX Bridge/Network Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is the network address of the virtual Ethernet port. See IPX/Network on page 47 for explanation of the IPX network number. WAN IPX Bridge/Frame Type Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is the frame type used for the virtual Ethernet port. See IPX/Frame Type on page 48 for an explanation of the IPX frame type.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Spanning Tree/Priority Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This assigns a priority to the Express XL/XLT that permits the relative priority of multiple bridges to be managed. The range is 0 to 65535 with a default of 32768. Spanning Tree/Maximum Age Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is the timeout value used by the Express XL/XLT to test against the root device. The value is in one-tenth seconds with a range between 60 (6.0 seconds) and 400 (40.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure LAN Port/Path Cost Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is the cost of using the Ethernet port in the total cost of the path. The range is from 1 to 65535 with a default of 100 (for 10 Mbits/second). LAN Port/Priority Write security: 2; Read security: 5 The priority adjusts the relative priority of the Ethernet port among the multiple bridge ports. The range is 0 to 255 with a default of 128.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure WAN Port 1/Active Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above. WAN Port 1/Path Cost Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above. WAN Port 1/Priority Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/Security The Security menu is used to set up the authentication parameters needed to authenticate PPP connection over the ISDN B-channels. Also, the filter defines are placed under this menu. Figure 3-7 shows the Security menu. Figure 3-7 Configuration/Security Screen Security/Authentication Write security: 1; Read security: 2 The method used for authenticating the PPP peer is selected here.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Security/When Write security: 1; Read security: 2 The Express XL/XLT can be configured to authenticate the PPP peer (using the above method) for incoming calls using Answer Only (def), or for outgoing and incoming calls using Originate and Answer. Security/Radius Server The parameters for the radius server are configured in this menu.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Radius Server/Retry Count Write security: 1; Read security: 2 This is the number of times the Express XL/XLT should send a request packet to the RADIUS server without a response before giving up. If the number of attempts to communicate with the primary server is equal to the retry count, the secondary server (if defined) is tried.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Security/Filter Defines The Express XL/XLT can filter packets based on certain parameters within the packet. The method used by the Express XL/XLT allows the highest flexibility for defining filters and assigning them to a Connection List profile. The filters are set up in two steps: (1) defining the packet types, and (2) adding them to a list under the Connection List profile.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Filter Defines /Pattern Filter Defines Write security: 2; Read security: 3 The pattern filter is applied to bridge packets only. That is any packet which is forwarded by the bridge functionality of the Express XL/XLT. Up to 32 pattern defines can be specified. Name Offset Pattern Mask Identifies the filter entry Offset from beginning of packet of where to start the pattern comparison 64 bits used for comparison.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Dst Port Cmpr Proto Proto Cmpr TCP Est Type of comparison that is performed = - means ports equal to not = - means port not equal to > - means port greater than < - means port less than None - means the destination port is not compared Protocol used for comparison. Range: 0 to 255.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Dest Socket Comp Type of comparison that is performed: = - means socket equal to Not = - means socket not equal to > - means socket greater than < - means socket less than None - no comparison is done on destination socket Type 8-bit value which is the IPX type Type Comp Type of comparison that is performed: = - means type equal to Not = - means type not equal to > - means type greater than < - means type less than None - no comparison is done on IPX type 6
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/Connection List The Express XL/XLT uses the Connection List to specify the profile each user or group of users are to have when connected. Each profile or item in the Connection List has many configurable parameters giving high flexibility on a per user basis. Up to 15 profiles can be defined in the Connection List. Calls cannot be originated or answered unless a Connection List profile is defined.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Connection List/Description Write security: 3; Read security: 4 The description is a text string that identifies the profile. Connection List/Active Write security: 3; Read security: 4 When set to Yes (def), this profile is used for authentication and user association of incoming calls. Setting to No is the same as deleting the item but allows the information of the profile to be saved.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure • When originating an outgoing call: - Express XL/XLT uses PPP method configured in Configuration/Security/PPP. - Authenticatee’s username is compared to profile used to dial. • Authenticating with RADIUS: - When Configuration/Security/Authentication is set to Radius, authentication is performed by the RADIUS server. - The Express XL/XLT uses the DEFAULT Connection List profile for all other parameters not supported by RADIUS attributes.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure PAP, CHAP or EAP - The connection can be authenticated using PAP, CHAP or EAP. CHAP or EAP - The connection can be authenticated using CHAP or EAP only. EAP - The connection will only allow authentication by the peer using EAP. Authentication/Tx Username Write security: 1; Read security: 3 This is the username that is used when being authenticated by the PPP peer.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Authentication/Call ID 1 Write security: 1; Read security: 3 The caller identification from the ISDN incoming call is compared to this number, starting from the right digits. Authentication/Call ID 2 Write security: 1; Read security: 3 The caller identification from the ISDN incoming call is compared to this number, starting from the right digits. Connection List/IP The IP menu contains the parameters for exchanging IP data with the PPP peer.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Route/IP/Net Write security: 3; Read security: 5 The PPP peer’s IP address or network can be set here, if known. Leaving this at 0.0.0.0 means that the Express XL/XLT will determine the PPP peer’s IP and network using the PPP IPCP. Route/Netmask Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This network mask is applied to the IP/NET address for determining the PPP peer’s network. If left as 0.0.0.0, a standard network mask is used.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IP/RIP The RIP parameters can be adjusted from their defaults under this menu. The RIP parameters for all WAN connections are set on a per-session basis. RIP/Mode Write security: 3; Read security: 5 The Express XL/XLT will perform RIP over the WAN connection when this is set to On (def). RIP/Protocol Write security: 3; Read security: 5 The Express XL/XLT can perform version 1, V1 (def), or version 2, V2, of RIP on this WAN connection.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure RIP/Retain Write security: 3; Read security: 5 When this Connection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set to Yes, all routes learned from this WAN connection are retained and their routing interface is set to idle. This permits dial-on-demand to occur using this profile for any IP network that might have been advertised by the particular PPP peer.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IPX/Retain Write security: 3; Read security: 5 When this Connection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set to Yes, all routes learned from this WAN connection are retained and their routing interface is set to idle. This permits dial-on-demand to occur using this profile for any IPX network or service that might have been advertised by the particular PPP peer.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Connection List/Bridge The Bridge menu contains the parameters needed for exchanging bridged packets with the PPP peer. Bridge/Mode Write security: 3; Read security: 5 When set to On (def), the Express XL/XLT will attempt to negotiate PPP BCP with the PPP peer. Bridging can be used even in route mode only if the PPP peer cannot support certain PPP protocols for that particular routing protocol.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Probe/Update Window Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This is the time the Express XL/XLT stays connected during a probe. Normally route and service tables are exchanged immediately after connection. However, some routers could wait until their regular RIP or SAP time period has been reached before they advertise their routes or services to the Express XL/ XLT. The value is in seconds and ranges from 5 to 180.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure phone numbers to be exchanged when more bandwidth is needed and member links to be dropped when bandwidth is to be decreased. When this item is set to On, BACP is negotiated with the PPP peer. When Off, the Express XL/XLT will not run BACP/BAP but dynamic bandwidth can still be operated. Certain rules for bandwidth-on-demand apply, depending on whether BACP is negotiated.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure PPP/Max Failure Write security: 3; Read security: 5 Due to the nature of PPP, configuration options may not be agreed upon between two PPP peers. This value is the number of configuration-naks that should occur before an option is configuration-rejected. This allows a connection to succeed that might otherwise fail. The possible values are 5 (def), 10, 15 and 20.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure calls. The audio option is used with an ISDN line configured for voice service. In some areas, audio service costs less than data services. An audio call type does guarantee a digital end-to-end digital connection. 56K - 56K directs the call control software to request a 64 kbps data circuit that is rate-adapted to 56 kbps. Data 56 kbps is intended for use in circumstances where interoperability with Switched 56 service is desired.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Dial Out/Initial Channels Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This is the number of B-channels to dial-up on the initial connection. Possible choices are 1 (def) and 2. Connection List/Bandwidth The bandwidth parameters that govern this connection are set here. Bandwidth/On Demand The parameters under this menu control the data rates required to change bandwidth.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Bandwidth/Upper Threshold Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This is the percentage of bandwidth that must be at least present on one Bchannel before a second B-channel is added. The range is 0 to 100 and is in percentages. The default is 80%, which is equivalent to 51.2 kbps. See the section Bandwidth/Samples (below) for more information on how the bandwidth rate is calculated.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Samples/Time Between Changes Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This value is the minimum time between bandwidth changes for this Connection List profile. The range is 0 to 255 seconds. The default is 60 seconds. Connection List/Filters The Express XL/XLT can block packets in and out of a WAN port by use of the filters. These filters are set up on a per-Connection List profile basis.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Filters/In Exceptions Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is a list of up to 32 filter entries which can be combined using the operations field. The operations are performed in the order they appear on the list. Active - Turns this entry active when set to On. Type - Selects the filter define list to reference: MAC - from the Configuration/Security/Filter Defines/MAC Filter Defines list.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Filters/Out Exceptions Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same as the Filter/ In Exceptions list. Filters/Demand Dial Write security: 2; Read security: 5 The demand dial filters have two purposes: 1) cause the Express XL/XLT in Bridge mode to dial this Connection List profile, and 2) determine which traffic will cause the idle timer to be reset, keeping the connection active.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same as the Filter/ In Exceptions list.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/Management The Express XL/XLT can be managed using Telnet, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), or the maintenance port. SNMP support is limited to MIB definitions. See Appendix C on page 139 for a description of the MIBs supported by the Express XL/XLT. Each of the three methods can be protected using authentication. Figure 3-9 shows the Configuration/Management menu.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Telnet/User List Up to four users can be configured for access to the Express XL/XLT. Each user can be assigned a privilege and time out. User List/Name Write security: 1; Read security: 3 A text string of the user name for this session. User List/Authen Method Write security: 1; Read security: 3 The user can be authenticated in two ways: Password - The Password field is used to authenticate the user.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Management/SNMP The Express XL/XLT is an SNMP agent. It can respond to Get-Requests and generate traps. These two lists set up the manager, communities, and levels. See Appendix C on page 139 for more information on SNMP. SNMP Access Write security: 3; Read security: 5 When set to No, SNMP access is denied. When set to On (def), the Express XL/XLT will respond to SNMP managers based on the following lists.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Traps/Manager Name Write security: 2; Read security: 4 This is the text string describing the name of the entry. It is intended for easy reference and has no bearing on the SNMP trap function. Traps/Manager IP Write security: 2; Read security: 4 This is the IP address of the manager that is to receive the traps. Management/Maint Port The Express XL/XLT has an EIA-232 connector on the back of the unit. The setup for that port is under this menu.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Maint Port/Parity Write security: 5; Read security: 5 This is the asynchronous parity that the maintenance port will run. The possible values are None (def), Odd, or Even. Maint Port/Stop Bits Write security:5; Read security:5 This is the stop bit used for the maintenance port. The possible values are 1 (def), 1.5 or 2. Configuration/Terminal Mode This is an activator which places the Express XL/XLT terminal session into a command prompt mode.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure DIAL MENU The Dial menu is used for dialing the Connection List profile setup under Configuration/Connection List and for checking the status of each Connection List. This list is in the same order as the Connection List entries. Figure 3-10 shows the Dial menu. Figure 3-10 Dial Screen Dial/Description Read security: 5 This read-only field is the name entered for the profile under Configuration/ Connection List/Description.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Dial/Hang Up Write security: 4; Read security: 5 This is an activator used for hanging up a Connection List entry. It also removes retained routes from the IP and IPX routing tables when the call is not connected. Place the cursor over the field and press Enter to activate the hang up function. Dial/Status Read security: 5 This reflects the current status of the call: No call - No call is active for this Connection List profile.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure STATUS MENU The Express XL/XLT’s Status menu contains comprehensive status and diagnostic information used in verifying configuration and identifying problems. The menus are divided into protocol types and sessions. Figure 3-11 shows the Status menu. Figure 3-11 Status Screen Status/Call Sessions This menu contains the current status of all dial-in sessions and spanning tree ports.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Call Sessions/Session1 and Call Sessions/Session2 Read security: 5 The Express XL/XLT can support up to two active connections at one time. These two menus reflect the results of PPP negotiations, user name, time connected, idle timer, and data rates for the session.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Tx Link Rate - Current actual data transmission rate Rx Link Rate - Current actual data reception rate Tx Comp Ratio - Current transmission compression ratio Rx Comp Ratio - Current reception compression ratio Call Sessions/Spanning Tree Read security: 5 When Bridge mode and Spanning Tree mode are active, this reflects the current state of the LAN and WAN ports.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Status/Bridge Table Read security: 5 This lists the contents of the Express XL/XLT’s bridge table. Bridge Cache/MAC Address - Ethernet address for device learned Bridge Cache/Port - Port device learned from: LAN, WAN0, or WAN1 Bridge Cache/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table Status/IP Routes Read security: 5 This lists the contents of the Express XL/XLT’s IP router table.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IP Routes/Hops - Number of routers that must go through to get to destination. Ranges from 0-15 or 16 for infinite (can’t get there from here). IP Routes/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table or “zombied.” Value of 999 means route is static. Status/IPX Routes Read security: 5 This lists the contents of the Express XL/XLT’s IPX router table.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Status/IPX Servers Read security: 5 This lists the contents of the Express XL/XLT’s IPX server table. IPX Servers/Type - The server type IPX Servers/Name - The server name IPX Servers/Network - The server network address IPX Servers /Address - The servers node address IPX Servers/Socket - The servers socket address IPX Servers/Hops - Number of routers that must go through to get to server. Ranges from 0-15 or 16 for infinite.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Status/LAN Stats Read security: 5 This menu contains statistics for the Ethernet port.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure ICMP redirected messages ICMP packet errors ICMP timeouts received ICMP messages sent ICMP messages received ICMP specif if errors IP datagrams reassembled IP datagrams sent IP datagrams received Total forwarded datagrams IP reassembly timeout Discarded routing entries Total IP fragments Failed fragments IP reassembly failures Disassembled fragments Errorfree discards Routeless discards Default TTL Bad IP addresses Successful fragments Bad header packets Sen
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure TEST MENU The Express XL/XLT’s Test menu contains built in tests that can be used to diagnose problems. Figure 3-12 shows the Test menu screen. Figure 3-12 Test Screen The following tests can be run: Test Menu/Echo Request Write security: 4, Read security: 5 When activated, the echo request test will begin sending continuous PPP echo request packets to any open LCP ports. Results are displayed on the screen. At least one PPP session must be up.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure LOGS MENU The Logs menu contain logs displaying important information about the running condition of the Express XL/XLT. The logs can be set to capture diagnostics of error conditions only by way of a log level.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure PPP Log/Active When set to Yes (def), PPP events below or equal the log level are logged into the log. PPP Log/Wrap When set to Yes (def), new PPP events will overwrite old PPP events when the log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to No. PPP Log/Level In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The default is 3. PPP Log/View This menu displays the log list.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Call Log/Wrap When set to Yes (def), new Call events will overwrite old Call events when the log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to No. Call Log/Level In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The default is 3. Call Log/View This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows: Date/Time - Date and time event occurred. Level - Level associated with this event (0-6).
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Network Log/Level In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The default is 3. Network Log/View This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows: Date/Time - Date and time event occurred. Level - Level associated with this event (0-6). Message - Text message for this event. If message is too long to fit on the line, another event appears below it continuing the message.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure UTILITIES MENU The Express XL/XLT has utilities embedded in it to help in managing and testing the network and to facilitate software upgrades. Figure 3-14 shows the Utilities menu. Figure 3-14 Utilities Screen Utilities/Ping Write security: 4; Read security: 5 The ping menu is used to send ICMP ping messages to hosts. The following items are under the this menu: Start/Stop - Activator to start and cancel a ping test.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Utilities/Telnet Client Write security: 4; Read security: 5 The Telnet menu can be used to activate the telnet client function in the Express XL/XLT. Host - IP address or domain name (if DNS is configured) of telnet server. Activate - Starts telnet client function. The key combination Control ] cancels the session. Utilities/Upgrade Menu Write security: 2; Read security: 3 The Express XL/XLT’s firmware can be upgraded using this menu.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Upgrade/Start Transfer This activator is used when the configurable items in this menu are complete. Once started, the Express XL/XLT will prompt for erasing the flash. When the flash is erased and the upgrade transfer fails, do not turn off the unit. Retry the transfer until successful. Otherwise, if power is removed before upgrade has finished, the upgrade will have to occur from the maintenance port using XMODEM.
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Chapter 4 Troubleshooting When the Express XL/XLT powers up, it performs an internal self-test. This takes about 10 seconds. At the end of the test, the PWR LED should remain on. IF SELF-TEST FAILS If the PWR LED is not on or continuously flashes, the following steps will verify whether or not the problem can be fixed locally. 1. Ensure the Express XL/XLT is receiving power. 2. Power off the Express XL/XLT while holding down SELECT and TEST; then power back up.
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting 2. Disconnect the Express XL/XLT. From a functioning voice phone, call the local directory number(s) provided with your line. Calling a good ISDN line with nothing connected usually results in a ring or fast busy tone. If someone answers, or you get a not-in-service intercept, there is probably something wrong with the translation of the line. The phone service provider should be able to help. 3.
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting G. With a minimum of extra wiring, try connecting to the line pair at the point where the service provider’s wiring ends. H. With the Express XL/XLT connected to the line and powered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and inform them that your ISDN basic rate line has a physical Layer 1 problem. Ask them to check the line. Tell them that you have an NT1-like device at the end of the line. 4.
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting 5. If the Loop Status in the Express XL/XLT Status menu continuously reads Register SPID #1, then the Express XL/XLT is physically connected to your local telephone service provider and has established logical layer 2. The Express XL/XLT is unable to establish layer 3. The problem is in one or both of the following places: • • The Express XL/XLT software setup The telephone service provider’s software setup To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure: A.
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting 6. If the Loop Status in the Express XL/XLT Status menu continuously reads Getting TEI #2, the Express XL/XLT has completely initialized the first phone number but is unable to establish logical layer 2 for the second phone number. The problem is in one or both of the following places: • • The Express XL/XLT software setup The telephone service provider’s software setup To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure: A.
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure: A. Ensure the line is multipoint with two phone numbers. B. Ensure that the Express XL/XLT is set up with the correct SPID and LDN. For example: SPID1 SPID2 LDN 1 LDN 2 = = = = 20572270460101 20572270470101 7227046 7227047 C. Try swapping SPID1 with SPID2 and LDN1 with LDN2. Determine if the problem is with the second phone number or the quantity of phone numbers. D.
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO CONNECT CALLS See Table 4-A for corrective actions if you cannot connect calls. Table 4-A Troubleshooting Calls Condition Corrective Action The Loop LED remains on, but Most likely a problem exists in the software setup (translation) at the calls cannot be placed. CO switch, or the network setup in the Express XL. Local voice calls can be trans- The line is probably not set up to support data calls. mitted, but data calls to the same exchange cannot.
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Chapter 5 Specifications SPECIFICATIONS AND FEATURES This section describes the standard specifications and features incorporated in the Express XL/XLT. Network Interface RJ-45 for ISDN Basic Rate U-Interface or RJ-45 for leased 2B1Q service. Ethernet Interface (LAN) Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 10BaseT.
Chapter 5: Specifications • • • • • • • • • • • • Supports 2 phones (27 mA loop current each) at 600 ft, 24 AWG Supports 5 phones (12 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG Supports 4 phones (15 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG Supports 3 phones (19 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG Supports 2 phones (28 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG Supports 1 phone (53 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG Supports 5 phones (12 mA loop current each) at 100 ft, 24 AWG Supports 4 phones (15 mA lo
Appendix A Loop Status Messages The Express XL/XLT displays current loop status of the ISDN on the bottom center line of the terminal screen. The following messages are defined: AT&T-5ESS Ready The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against an AT&T 5E switch and is ready for calls. AutoSpid Download The Express XL/XLT is performing the Lucent SPID download feature. AutoSpid X A SPID is being attempted by ExpertISDN. X starts at 0 and counts up for each SPID format.
Appendix A: Loop Status Messages DISCONNECTING A call is in the process of being disconnected. DMS-100 Ready The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against a Nortel DMS-100 switch and is ready for calls. Echo: Tx: X Rx: Y The current transmit and receive count for the PPP echo request test. Getting TEI #1 The Express XL/XLT’s ISDN layer 1 is up and is now getting the first TEI from the ISDN network. Getting TEI #2 The Express XL/XLT’s ISDN layer 1 is up and one TEI is obtained.
Appendix A: Loop Status Messages Register SPID #1 The Express XL/XLT’s ISDN layer 1 and 2 is up and is now registering SPID 2 with the ISDN network. RINGING An incoming call is ringing. B1 and B2 Bearer Channel Status Messages 56K Connected at 56K call type. 64K Connected at 64K call type. Audio Connected at audio call type. Dialing Dialing out. Holding Connection is on hold. Idle No call up. Speech Connected at speech call type. Release Call being hung up. Retriv Held call being retrieved.
Appendix A: Loop Status Messages Routing Incoming call state in transition . Waiting Call is between states or waiting for switch.
Appendix B Log Messages The Express XL/XLT Logs menu contains messages of events that occur. The definitions for some of those log messages are as follows: PPP Log Messages B-Channels bundled level 5 Both B-channels are bundled under multilink PPP going to a single PPP peer. BACP down level 5 Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol port has been dropped between Express XL/XLT and PPP peer.
Appendix B: Log Messages Can't find user profile level 2 The Express XL/XLT could not find an appropriate user profile for an incoming call. Make sure that a profile has been entered under Configuration/Connection List or that a default profile exists. A default profile is one which has the name DEFAULT in the description field. CCP down level 5 Compression Control Protocol port has been dropped between Express XL/XLT and PPP peer.
Appendix B: Log Messages IPXCP down level 5 IPX Control Protocol port has been dropped between Express XL/XLT and PPP peer. IPXCP up level 5 IPX Control Protocol port has been successfully negotiated between Express XL/XLT and PPP peer. LCP down level 5 Link Control Protocol port has been dropped between Express XL/XLT and PPP peer. LCP up level 5 Link Control Protocol port has been successfully negotiated between Express XL/XLT and PPP peer.
Appendix B: Log Messages No IP addr for peer level 2 The Express XL/XLT cannot continue the connection because there was no IP address received from the PPP peer or it was not set in Configuration/Connection List/IP/Route/IP/Net parameter. No more bundles avail level 3 The Express XL/XLT cannot bundle more than two Multilink sessions at one time. No Response from peer level 2 The Express XL/XLT has dialed or answered a call and no PPP negotiation packets were seen.
Appendix B: Log Messages Peer failed PAP authen level 3 The PPP peer’s reported PAP username and/or password does not match the Express XL/XLT’s parameters. This is most likely caused by PPP peer sending incorrect username and/or password. Make sure the Configuration/Connection List/Authentication parameters Rx Username and Rx Password are correctly entered. Also, if using RADIUS, check that the server is configured and running properly.
Appendix B: Log Messages AutoSpid Download Started level 4 Lucent AutoSpid download feature has started. AutoSpid Failed level 2 ExpertISDN has failed trying to determine the ISDN line’s SPID format. This can occur if the telephone company is not using standard SPID formats. AutoSpid Passed level 4 ExpertISDN has finished and has determined the ISDN line’s SPID format. AutoSpid Retry level 4 ExpertISDN is attempting another SPID format.
Appendix B: Log Messages Bandwidth drop level 4 The Express XL/XLT is dropping a B-channel call in order to reduce bandwidth. Bandwidth request level 4 The Express XL/XLT is dialing another B-channel in order to increase bandwidth. Bandwidth Restore level 4 The Express XL/XLT is re-dialing destination to restore original bandwidth after POTS call bump or unexpected call drop. Bearer Info Cap Incorrect level 2 The bearer capability received in an information element from the switch was invalid.
Appendix B: Log Messages CallID 1 in use level 2 An outgoing call on LDN 1 was dumped because it was already busy with a call. CallID 2 in use level 2 A outgoing call on LDN 2 was dumped because it was already busy with a call. Can't answer, Call not ringing level 1 Internal error as a result of trying to answer a non-existent incoming call.
Appendix B: Log Messages NETWORK_CONGESTION NETWORK_OUT_OF_ORDER NO_CIRCUIT_AVAILABLE NO_ROUTE NO_ROUTE_TO_DEST NO_USER_RESPONDING NON_SEL_USER_CLEAR NONEXISTENT_MSG NORMAL_CLEARING NUMBER_CHANGED OUTGOING_CALL_BARRED PRE_EMPTED PROTOCOL_ERROR REQ_CHANNEL_NOT_AVAIL RESOURCE_UNAVAIL SERVICE_NOT_AVAIL SERVICE_OPER_VIOLATED TEMPORARY_FAILURE TIMER_EXPIRY UNASSIGNED_NUMBER USER_ALERT_NO_ANS USER_BUSY WRONG_MESSAGE WRONG_MSG_FOR_STATE Conference level 5 The Express XLT has conferenced the held call wit
Appendix B: Log Messages Connected level 5 A call from or to was connected. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line then will be blank for incoming calls. Demand calling ‘’ level 4 A new call is being placed due to incoming packet routed to “idle” interface or bridge packet passing through demand filter. The Connection List profile used is the one with in the description field. DEST NOT ISDN level 4 The number dialed is not ISDN.
Appendix B: Log Messages Fallback to 56K level 4 The Express XL/XLT is re-dialing the same destination at 56K call type because the 64K call type failed. FarDN= level 5 This is far-end directory number for an incoming call. Hangup level 5 A call from or to was hung up. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then will be blank for incoming calls. Hold level 5 The Express XLT has placed a call on hold.
Appendix B: Log Messages L2 #2 not up level 2 A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 2 is down trying to get second TEI. L3 not up level 2 A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 3 is down trying to register first SPID. L3 #2 not up level 2 A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 3 is down trying to register second SPID. LDN TOO LONG level 1 The number in either LDN 1 or LDN 2 is longer than 20 characters. NETWORK BUSY level 2 Called location was busy or network could not route call.
Appendix B: Log Messages NOT end2end ISDN level 4 The path that the call was routed over is not ISDN from end-to-end. This is a warning and is most often seen for POTS calls. Power Up - last down cause: level 0 (displayed as level 1 after the unit is reset) This is the for the last reset. Most are caused by internal errors.
Appendix B: Log Messages Retrieved level 5 The Express XLT has retrieved a previously held call. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then will be blank for incoming calls. Ring level 5 An incoming call from was ringing. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line then will be blank. SOURCE NOT ISDN level 4 The incoming calling party is not ISDN. This is a warning and is most often seen for POTS calls.
Appendix B: Log Messages DHCP response sent level 4 A DHCP response was successfully sent to requesting device. DHCP socket failed level 1 Internal error occurred when attempting to start DHCP server. DHCP: Host not added to ARP table level 2 The DHCP server could not add requesting host to ARP table. Installing bad default route: ifnum= metric= gw= level 6 The Express XL/XLT did not install a default route because the or was zero.
Appendix B: Log Messages telclient bad host level 2 Telnet client could not use host name or IP address set in Configuration/Utilities/Telnet Client/Host. telclient bad init level 2 Telnet client could not initialize a session. Telnet Client: Clr TCBF_BUFFER flag failed level 6 Debugging message related to Telnet client function. Telnet Client: Set TCBF_DONTBLOCK flag failed level 6 Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
Appendix B: Log Messages TELNETD: Clr TCBF_BUFFER flag failed level 6 Debugging message related to Telnet client function. TELNETD: could not obtain peer ip level 2 Telnet server function could not get IP address of Telnet client. TELNETD: Session failed, error level 2 A Telnet server session has failed because of an error. TELNETD: Set TCBF_DONTBLOCK flag failed level 6 Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
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Appendix C SNMP Understanding SNMP As Local Area Network (LAN) environments became standardized over the past ten years, multi-vendor equipment grew with competition. It became necessary to manage the various vendor equipment from a single control console. Thus, the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) emerged as the de facto standard for managing commercial Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks.
Appendix C: SNMP Using SNMP Version 1, the network manager can issue three types of commands: • GetRequest: This command retrieves a single item or the first in a series from a network device. • GetNextRequest: This command retrieves the next item in a series from a network device. • SetRequest: This command writes information to a network device. The network device issues two types of messages: • GetResponse: This message is the response to a network manager GetRequest or GetNextRequest command.
Appendix C: SNMP Communities The Express XL/XLT permits up to eight communities to be defined. The privilege level of each community can be set. The default community is public with read-only privileges. When the IP address is all zeros, any manager of the community can access the Express XL/XLT. Traps Up to four hosts can be set to receive traps. Each host entry requires an IP address of the manager.
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Appendix D Connector Pinouts Table D-A IBM/AT Style EIA-232 Interface MAINTENANCE I = Input Pin Name I/O 1 CD N/C 2 RD O Receive Data 3 TD I Transmit Data 4 DTR N/C Data Terminal Ready 5 GND N/A Signal Ground 6 DSR N/C Data Set Ready 7 RTS I Request to Send 8 CTS O Clear to Send 9 RI N/C Ring Indicator O = Output Description N/A = Not Applicable Carrier Detect N/C = Not Connected Table D-B RJ-45 ISDN BRI U ISDN BRI U 61200070L1-1 Pin 4 Ring Pin 5 Tip Expre
Appendix D: Connector Pinouts Table D-C RJ-11 POTS PHONE Pin 3 Ring Pin 4 Tip Table D-D 10BaseT Ethernet Switch Position 10BT TO NIC TO HUB Pin 1 TX1 RX1 Pin 2 TX2 RX2 Pin 3 RX1 TX1 Pin 6 RX2 TX2 The switch position can be set for either TO NIC or TO HUB on the back panel of the Express XL/XLT. The rear panel is illustrated in Figure 1-7 on page 18.
Appendix E Terminal Mode Commands The Express XL/XLT supports a command line interface. All menu options are configurable and readable from the terminal mode. Additional commands are also available. Menu Commands Every menu item in the menu structure can be accessed through the terminal mode interface. Terminal commands are as follows: top_menu sub_menu1 sub_menu2 … config_item Each config_item is entered as shown below.
Appendix E: Terminal Mode Commands One of the following key words must be used first: info Goes directly to ConÞguration/System Info menu. isdn Goes directly to ConÞguration/WAN/ISDN menu. pots Goes directly to ConÞguration/WAN/POTS menu. ip Goes directly to ConÞguration/IP menu. ipx Goes directly to ConÞguration/IPX menu. bridge Goes directly to ConÞguration/Bridge menu. security Goes directly to ConÞguration/Security menu. connect Goes directly to ConÞguration/Connection List menu.
Appendix E: Terminal Mode Commands Additional Commands Other commands available from the terminal mode are given below: save Saves the configuration to non-volatile RAM (flash). mac Returns the MAC address for the Express XL/XLT. version Returns the firmware version and routing stack version. reset Resets the unit. exit Leaves terminal mode and returns to menus. download Downloads complete configuration to the terminal screen for capture.
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Glossary 10Base2 IEEE 802.3 specification, similar to Ethernet, using thin coaxial cable that runs at 10 Mbps, with a maximum distance of 185 meters per segment. Also known as Thin Ethernet or Thinwire Ethernet. 10BaseT IEEE 802.3 specification, using unshielded twisted-pair cabling and running at 10 Mbps. AEP AppleTalk Echo Protocol. Allows a node on an AppleTalk network to send a packet to another node and in return, receive an echoed copy of the packet.
Glossary central office (CO) In telephony, the phone company switching facility or center, usually a Class 5 end office, at which subscribers local loops terminate. Handles a specific geographic area, identified by the first three digits of the local telephone number. Usually the facilities of the local BOC. CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect. A channel access mechanism where devices check the channel for a carrier before transmitting.
Glosssary hop count A routing metric used to measure the distance between a source and a destination. Particularly used by RIP. hub IEEE (1) Communications center, (2) Major routing station for connecting channels, (3) DDS connecting center. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Professional organization that defines network standards. IEEE LAN standards are the predominant LAN standards today and include protocols similar or virtually equivalent to Ethernet and Token Ring. IEEE 802.
Glossary interworking Communication between two types of networks or end equipment. This may or may not involve a difference in signalling or protocol elements supported. Internet Protocol A TCP/IP protocol describing software that tracks the Internet address of nodes, routes outgoing message, and recognizes incoming messages. Used in gateways to connect networks at OSI network Level 3 and above. IPX ISDN jabber jitter LATA Internetwork Packet Exchange.
Glosssary message The Layer 3 information that is passed between the CPE and SPCS for signalling. multipoint line A communications line having multiple cable access points.
Glossary point-to-point protocol (PPP) An implementation of TCP/IP which is intended for transmission using telephone lines. PPP provides router-to-router and host-to-network connections over both synchronous and asynchronous circuits. poison routes Routes which have an infinite metric which to other routers means the network for the route is inaccessible. PRA RIP router Primary Rate Access. Connects high-capacity CPE, such as PBXs, to the network.
Glosssary serving area Region surrounding a broadcasting station where signal strength is at or above a stated minimum. The geographic area handled by a telephone central office facility. Generally equivalent to a LATA. SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP provides a means to monitor and set network configuration and runtime parameters. spanning tree A loop-free subset of the topology of a network. SPCS Stored Program Controlled Switch.
Glossary Telnet TCP/IP The TCP/IP standard protocol for remote terminal connection service. Telnet allows a user at one site to interact with a remote timesharing system at another site as if the user's terminal were connected directly to the remote machine. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A set of protocols developed by the Department of Defense to link dissimilar computers across many kinds of networks.
Glosssary U-interface A twisted pair subscriber loop that connects the NT1 reference point to the ISDN network, as defined in the I.411 Recommendation. This interface provides Basic Rate Access with an operating frequency of 160 kbps and an information rate of 144 kbps. Under U.S. regulations, this also marks the line of demarcation between customer-owned equipment and the public network. ZIP Zone Information Protocol.
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Acronyms AEP ................... AppleTalk Echo Protocol AMI................... Alternate Mark Inversion ARP ................... Address Resolution Protocol B (Channel) .... A 64 kbps digital information channel BCP ................... Bridge Control Protocol BONDING ...... Bandwidth On Demand Interoperability Group BOOTP ............. Bootstrap Protocol BPDU................ Bridging Protocol Data Unit bps..................... Bits per second Bps .................... Bytes per second BRI ...................
Acronyms ISDN..................Integrated Services Digital Network ISO .....................International Standardization Organization ISP......................Internet Service Provider kbps ...................Kilobits per second kHz ....................Kilohertz LAN ...................Local Area Network LCP ....................Link Control Protocol LDN ...................Local Directory Number MAC ..................Media Access Control MIB ....................Management Information Base MP................
Index Numerics authentication/Tx method 65 authentication/Tx password 66 authentication/Tx username 66 autospid 36 10-base-T interface 144 56K 76 64K 76 B A address table 55 address table/aging 55 address table/forward policy 55 agent 139, 140 applications multiple users to ISP using NAT 10 single user to corporate LAN 8 single user to ISP using NAT 9 SOHO to corporate LAN 11 area code 37 ARP cache 92 AT&T 5ESS 37 audio 75 authentication 56, 64 with Express XL/XLT as authenticatee 65 with Express XL/XLT
Index bridge/WAN IP bridge 50 bridge/WAN IPX bridge 51 bridging 13 concurrent routing and bridging 15 demand 12 C call log 100 call log messages 125 call log/active 100 call log/clear 101 call log/level 101 call log/view 101 call log/wrap 101 call sessions 90 call sessions/session1 and session2 91 call sessions/spanning tree 92 call type 75 call waiting 23 caller ID 66 channel rate 38 CHAP 58, 66 clock mode 38 command line interface 145 command prompt mode 87 commands 147 communities 141 communities/manag
Index dial 15, 37 dial line 36 dial line/area code 37 dial line/ExpertISDN 36 dial line/LDN 1 or 2 38 dial line/SPID 1 37 dial line/switch protocol 37 dial menu 27, 88 dial out 75 dial out/attempts 76 dial out/call type 75 dial out/connection timeout 76 dial out/delay 76 dial out/initial channels 77 dial out/number 1 75 dial out/number 2 75 dial out/redial at 56K 76 dial self 98 dial self-test 17 dial/channels 89 dial/description 88 dial/dial 88 dial/hang up 89 dial/number 1 89 dial/number 2 89 dial/status
Index G GetNextRequest 140 H hang up 14 hang-up 13 hello time 53 I idle timeout 13 IETF 19 if the Express XL/XLT does not read ready 107 if you are unable to connect calls 113 indicators LAN 16 test 17 WAN 17 installation 21 interface Ethernet 115 network 115 POTS 115 internet connecting to 19 internet access using NAT 2 internet service provider connecting 2 interoperability 19 IP filter defines 60 IP menu 40 IP router 12, 42 IP router/mode 42 IP routes 93 IP routing 14 IP stats 96 IP/default gateway 41
Index L LAN bridge 11 LAN connection 21 LAN indicators 16 LAN port 53 LAN port/active 53 LAN port/path cost 54 LAN port/priority 54 LAN stats 96 LDN 38 leased line 38 leased line/channel rate 38 leased line/clock mode 38 LEDs 17 log messages 121 logs menu 29, 99 logs/call log 100 logs/network log 101 logs/PPP log 99 logs/sys log host 99 loop status messages 117 M MAC addresses 11 MAC bridging 12 MAC filter defines 59 maint port/baud rate 86 maint port/data bits 86 maint port/parity 87 maint port/password
Index O ordering ISDN 19 P packets filtering 59 PAP 58, 66 parity 87 password 84, 86 pattern filter defines 60 physical specifications 116 ping 103 ping test 17 poison reverse 43, 69 POTS 12, 39 POTS interface 115 POTS/NI-1 conference FI 39 POTS/NI-1 transfer FI 39 POTS/POTS assignment 39 POTS/speech calltype routing 39 power requirements 116 PPP 19, 58, 73 PPP log 99 PPP log messages 121 PPP log/active 100 PPP log/clear 100 PPP log/level 100 PPP log/view 100 PPP log/wrap 100 PPP peer 44 PPP/compression 7
Index route/netmask 68 route/private 68 route/static route 68 routing concurrent routing and bridging 15 demand 12 IP 14 IPX 15 multiprotocol 3 over PPP bridging 15 Rx only 43 S samples/sample rate 78 samples/samples 78 samples/time between changes 79 SAP 12, 15 SAP timer 49 security 20 security levels 33 security menu 56 security/authentication 56 security/filter defines 59 security/PPP 58 security/radius server 57 security/when 57 seed status 48 self-test if self-test fails 107 self-test 17 SetRequest 1
Index switch protocol 37 system contact 35 system info menu 34 system location 34 system mame 34 system uptime 35 Tx and Rx 43 Tx methods 65 Tx only 43 type 20 packets 71 T UDP port type 45 UDP relay 45 UDP relay list 45 UDP relay list/relay address 45 UDP relay list/UDP port type 45 UDP relay list/UDP ports 1, 2, 3 45 UDP relay/mode 45 UDP relay/UDP relay list 45 upgrade menu 104 upgrade/abort transfer 105 upgrade/filename 104 upgrade/start transfer 105 upgrade/status 104 upgrade/TFTP host 104 upgrade/
Index W WAN indicators 17 WAN IP bridge 50 WAN IP bridge proxy ARP 51 WAN IP bridge/netmask 51 WAN IP bridge/network 51 WAN IP bridge/triggered 51 WAN IPX bridge 51 WAN IPX bridge/frame type 52 WAN IPX bridge/network 52 WAN IPX bridge/seed status 52 WAN IPX bridge/triggered 52 WAN menu 36 WAN port 54 WAN port 0/active 54 WAN port 0/path cost 54 WAN port 0/priority 54 WAN port 1/active 55 WAN port 1/path cost 55 WAN port 1/priority 55 WAN stats 95 WAN/ISDN 36 WAN/POTS 39 wiring 23, 24, 25 X xmodem 104 612
Index 170 Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
Product Support Information Presales Inquiries and Applications Support Please contact your local distributor, ADTRAN Applications Engineering, or ADTRAN Sales: Applications Engineering (800) 615-1176 Sales (800) 827-0807 Post-Sale Support Please contact your local distributor first. If your local distributor cannot help, please contact ADTRAN Technical Support and have the unit serial number available.
