©2001 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. Adobe® Photoshop® Elements User Guide for Windows® and Macintosh If this guide is distributed with software that includes an end user agreement, this guide, as well as the software described in it, is furnished under license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.
iii Contents Installing and Learning Adobe Photoshop Elements Registration ............................................ 1 Installing Adobe Photoshop Elements .................. 1 Learning Adobe Photoshop Elements ................... 1 Using Web resources Customer support Overview ................................... 3 ...................................... 4 Digital Photography: Capture and Correct ............... 7 Digital Photography: Explore and Create ................
iv Working with Color Chapter 3 About color and computer graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Using color management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Calibrating your monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Describing color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Choosing a color mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
v Painting and Drawing Chapter 7 About painting and drawing Using the painting tools Erasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Using the impressionist brush tool Customizing brush libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi Pixelate filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Render filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Sharpen filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Stylize filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Texture filters Using Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vii Printing Chapter 13 Printing images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Positioning and scaling images Setting output options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Printing part of an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Choosing a print encoding method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 Installing and Learning Adobe Photoshop Elements elcome to the Adobe® Photoshop® Elements application, an easy-to-use yet powerful image-editing, photoretouching, and Web-graphics solution. Adobe Photoshop Elements software offers robust features designed specifically for amateur photographers, hobbyists, and business users who want to create professional-quality images for print and the Web.
2 Installing and Learning Adobe Photoshop Elements Using the printed documentation To start online Help: A printed user guide, Adobe Photoshop Elements User Guide, is included with the application. Do one of the following: The user guide assumes you have a working knowledge of your computer and its operating conventions, including how to use a mouse and standard menus and commands. It also assumes you know how to open, save, and close files.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 3 User Guide To display context menus: Using Adobe Online 1 Position the pointer over an image or palette item. Adobe Online provides access to the latest products and features that expand your application’s power, including professional services from Adobe and our partners. Bookmarks are also included to take you quickly to noteworthy Adobe and Photoshop Elements-related sites.
4 Installing and Learning Adobe Photoshop Elements choose not to use the automatic download feature, you can still view and download new Adobe Online files whenever they are available by using the Refresh command. To use Adobe Online: 1 In Photoshop Elements, choose Help > Adobe Online, or click the Adobe icon in the shortcuts bar. Note: You must have an Internet connection and an Internet browser installed. Adobe Online will launch your browser using your default Internet configuration.
7 Overview his overview of Adobe Photoshop Elements introduces you to the key features of the program. You’ll learn how easy access to state-of-the-art tools lets you transform photos captured with digital cameras and scanners into high-impact images. Photoshop Elements provides flexible tools that allow you to freely experiment and get creative with your images. And the versatile output options let you quickly prepare images for print, email, or posting on the Web.
8 Overview Fix your photos Photographs are often taken or scanned at a slight angle and as a result may need to be cropped or rotated. Photoshop Elements lets you automatically straighten and crop images by using one of the Straighten Image commands. You can also cut and rotate images by using the crop tool. Red eye occurs when light from a camera’s flash reflects off the back of the eye. You can easily remove red eye from an image using the red eye brush.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 9 User Guide Digital Photography: Explore and Create Photoshop Elements tools enable you to explore your visual ideas while mastering the elements of digital imaging. Create panoramas Adobe Photomerge™ technology automatically resizes, skews, and blends portions of multiple images into seamless panoramas. Edit art on layers To create composite images, you can simply drag and drop an object (including text and images) from one file to another.
10 Overview Erase The Background Eraser lets you easily remove the background of a photo without affecting the foreground. You can then paste the foreground object into another image to create professional, seamless composites. Easy to Use and Affordable With an intuitive interface and affordable price, Photoshop Elements enables anyone interested in digital imaging to quickly enhance their images using professional tools.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 11 User Guide Apply effects easily The Layer Styles palette lets you drag and drop styles including drop shadows, pattern fills, and bevels, that can be applied to everything on a layer. You can scan through a variety of predefined styles in the Layer Styles palette and then apply a style by clicking it. Moreover, you can apply styles cumulatively, giving you the freedom to mix and match styles to achieve just the right effect.
12 Overview Web Tools Photoshop Elements provides a series of commands and tools that let you quickly and easily create eye-catching visuals for your Web page. Add custom effects You can specify layer settings such as drop shadows, bevels, and glows. This gives you a fast way to create realistic three-dimensional text, buttons, and other effects that look as if you spent hours refining them.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 13 User Guide Minimize file size The Save for Web command efficiently compresses files for posting on the Web using interactive compression options that let you preview and modify the results before you save files. In this way, you can experiment with real-time image-compression controls to create quality images with minimal file sizes. Explore Your Creativity Photoshop Elements software provides endless ways to get creative with your images.
14 Overview Make text changes without dialog boxes You can freely add and change text, fonts, and type effects (such as warping) directly to these elements without having to make your changes within restrictive dialog boxes. Art brushes A wide variety of brush libraries are included that let you add paint strokes that simulate different painting and drawing techniques. For more brushes, you can load other brush libraries, create your own brushes, or modify existing ones.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 15 User Guide Convenient, cost-effective, reliable printing Photoshop Elements makes it easy to get the most outstanding printed results while also saving time and money. The Picture Package feature automatically generates multiple copies of a photo in different sizes on a single page, similar to the photo packages traditionally sold by portrait studios.
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19 Chapter 1: Looking at the Work Area elcome to Adobe Photoshop Elements. Photoshop Elements gives you an efficient work area and user interface to create and edit images for both print and the Web. W Getting familiar with the work area The Photoshop Elements work area is arranged to help you focus on creating and editing images. About the work area The work area consists of the following components: Menu bar The menu bar contains menus for performing tasks. The menus are organized by topic.
20 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area To select a tool: Using the options bar Do one of the following: The first thing you should do after you select a tool is to set its options in the options bar. By default, the options bar appears below the shortcuts bar at the top of the work area. The options bar is context sensitive, which means that it changes as you select different tools. Some settings in the options bar are common to several tools, and some are specific to one tool.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 21 User Guide To collapse the options bar (Windows only): Using the palette well Double-click the bar at the left edge of the options bar to show only the tool icon. The palette well helps you organize and manage palettes. Palettes take up space in the work area; therefore, it’s desirable to close them to the palette well when you’re not using them. Using the shortcuts bar The shortcuts bar displays buttons for common commands.
22 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area To view information about a palette in the palette well: 1 Position the pointer over the palette’s tab. 2 Look at the Hints palette to see a brief description of the palette. (See “Using the Hints palette” on page 29.) To change the size of a palette: Drag any corner of the palette (Windows) or drag the size box at its lower right corner (Mac OS). Note: Not all palettes can be resized.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 23 User Guide 2 Drag a palette’s tab onto the body of the target palette. A thick line appears around the body of the target palette when the pointer is over the correct area. To collapse a palette group: Click the Minimize/Maximize box (Windows) or the Zoom box (Mac OS), or double-click a palette’s tab. To reset palettes to their default positions: Choose Window > Reset Palette Locations.
24 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area To use a palette menu: Viewing images 1 Select a palette. The hand tool, the zoom tools, the Zoom commands, and the Navigator palette let you view different areas of an image at different magnifications. You can open additional windows to display several views at once (such as different magnifications) of an image.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 25 User Guide Do one of the following: • Click the Zoom In button ( ) on the Navigator palette bar. • Choose File > Close to close the active window. To zoom out: • Click the close icon on the title bar for the Do one of the following: To close windows: active window. • Choose Window > Close All to close all windows (Windows). • Choose File > Close All to close all windows (Mac OS). Magnifying and reducing the view You can magnify or reduce your view using various methods.
26 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area 2 Drag over the part of the image you want to magnify. These options scale both the zoom level and the window size to fit the available screen space. To automatically resize the window when magnifying or reducing the view: With the Zoom tool active, select Resize Windows To Fit in the options bar. The window resizes when you magnify or reduce the view of the image. Drag the zoom tool to magnify the view.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 27 User Guide To move the view of an image using the Navigator palette: 1 Choose Window > Show Navigator, or click the Navigator tab in the palette well. 2 Do one of the following: • Drag the view box in the thumbnail of the image, which represents the boundaries of the image window. • Drag the slider in the Navigator palette. • Click in the thumbnail of the image.
28 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area To change the rulers’ settings: 1 Do one of the following: • Double-click a ruler. • Choose Edit > Preferences > Units & Rulers. 2 For Rulers, choose a unit of measurement. Note: Changing the units on the Info palette automatically changes the units on the rulers. (See “Using the Info palette” on page 29.) 3 For Width and Gutter, enter values for the column size. You can also change the units.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 29 User Guide and operation. Yet other features—such as context menus, keyboard commands, and the Quick Start window—provide alternate ways to access commands. 2 Select a category of recipes, and click the recipe you want to use. 3 Follow the instructions in the recipe. You can click the play button ( ), when available, to have Photoshop Elements perform the task for you. Using the Hints palette The Hints palette helps you learn how to use tools and palettes.
30 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area ( ) The change in position along the xcoordinate ( X) and y-coordinate ( Y) as you move a selection, layer, or shape. To change the unit of measurement displayed in the Info palette: ( ) The angle (A) of a line or gradient; the change in angle as you move a selection, layer, or shape; or the angle of rotation during a transformation. The change in distance (D) as you move a selection, layer, or shape.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 31 User Guide To display file information in the status bar: To cancel operations: 1 Click the triangle ( ) in the status bar. Hold down Esc until the operation in progress has stopped. In Mac OS, you can also press Command+period. 2 Select a view option: • Document Dimensions to display the document size of the image. (See “Changing the print dimensions and resolution of an image” on page 50.) • Document Sizes to display information on the amount of data in the image.
32 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area 2 Click OK, or for more information, choose from the following: Using keyboard commands and modifier keys • If you have a Web browser installed, click Web Lookup to get more information about the owner of the image. This option launches the browser and displays the Digimarc Web site, where contact details appear for the given Creator ID. Information dialog box to get information faxed back to you.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 33 User Guide For information on how to restore your image to how it looked at any point in the current work session, see “Reverting to any state of an image” on page 33. To undo the last operation: Choose Edit > Undo, or click the Step Backward button ( ) in the shortcuts bar. If an operation can’t be undone, the command is dimmed and changes to Can’t Undo. To redo the last operation: Choose Edit > Redo, or click the Step Forward button ( ) in the shortcuts bar.
34 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area • States are added from the top down. That is, the oldest state is at the top of the list, the most recent one at the bottom. Choose Window > Show History, or click the History palette tab. • Each state is listed with the name of the tool or command used to change the image. To revert to a previous state of an image: • By default, selecting a state dims those below.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 35 User Guide • Hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS), and choose Clear History from the palette menu to purge the list of states from the History palette (and from the Undo buffer) without changing the image. If you get a message that Photoshop Elements is low on memory, purging states is useful, since the command frees up memory. Presets are organized by type into libraries. Each type of library has its own file extension and default folder.
36 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area To select a preset in a pop-up palette: 1 Click the triangle next to the thumbnail image of the current preset. When selecting a brush or gradient, be careful not to click the thumbnail image—doing so will display the settings editor for the preset. 2 Click a preset in the pop-up palette. To rename a brush, gradient, or pattern in a pop-up palette: 1 Do one of the following: • Double-click an item.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 37 User Guide To change the display of items in a pop-up palette: To load a library: 1 Click the triangle ( ) in the upper right corner of the pop-up palette to view the palette menu. Do one of the following: 2 Select a view option: • Text Only to display the name of each item. • Small Thumbnail or Large Thumbnail to display a thumbnail of each item. • Small List or Large List to display the name and thumbnail of each item.
38 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area 2 Enter a new name for the preset. If you selected multiple presets, you will be prompted to enter multiple names. To delete a preset: Select the preset you want to delete, and click Delete. are set in dialog boxes that can be opened through the Preferences submenu in the Edit menu. Preference settings are saved each time you exit the application. Unexpected behavior may indicate damaged preferences.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 39 User Guide • Open the Preferences folder in the System Folder, and drag the following files to the Trash: Adobe Save For Web 1.0 Prefs and all files in the Adobe Photoshop Elements Prefs folder. The Other Cursors options control the pointers for the marquee, lasso, magic wand, crop, eyedropper, gradient, paint bucket, shape, hand, and zoom tools. New Preferences files will be available the next time you start Photoshop Elements.
40 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area Using plug-in modules Plug-in modules are software programs developed by Adobe Systems and by other software developers in conjunction with Adobe Systems to add functionality to Photoshop Elements. A number of importing, exporting, and special-effects plugins come with your program; they are automatically installed in folders inside the Photoshop Elements Plug-ins folder.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 41 User Guide To suppress the loading of a plug-in or folder of plug-ins: • For best performance, scratch disks should be on a different drive than any large files you are editing. Add a tilde character (~) at the beginning of the plug-in name, folder, or directory. That file (or all files in the folder) will be ignored by the application once it has been restarted. • Scratch disks should be on a different drive than the one used for virtual memory.
42 CHAPTER 1 Looking at the Work Area Closing files and quitting To close a file: 1 Do one of the following: • Choose File > Close. • Choose Window > Close All (Windows). • Choose File > Close All (Mac OS). 2 Choose whether or not to save the file: • Click Yes (Windows) or Save (Mac OS) to save the file. • Click No (Windows) or Don’t Save (Mac OS) to close the file without saving it. To exit Photoshop Elements: 1 Choose File > Exit (Windows) or File > Quit (Mac OS).
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45 Chapter 2: Getting Images into Photoshop Elements ou can get digital images from a variety of sources—you can create new images, import them from another graphics application, or capture them using a digital camera. Often you will begin by scanning a photograph, a slide, or an image.
46 CHAPTER 2 Getting Images into Photoshop Elements certain radius, set at a specific location, and filled with a specific color. You can move, resize, or change the color of the tire without losing the quality of the graphic. Vector graphics are resolution-independent— that is, they can be scaled to any size and printed at any resolution without losing detail or clarity.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 47 User Guide Image resolution The number of pixels displayed per unit of printed length in an image, usually measured in pixels per inch (ppi). In Photoshop Elements, you can change the resolution of an image because image resolution and pixel dimensions are interdependent. The amount of detail in an image depends on its pixel dimensions, while the image resolution controls how much space the pixels are printed over.
48 CHAPTER 2 Getting Images into Photoshop Elements Printer resolution The number of ink dots per inch (dpi) produced by all laser printers. Most desktop laser printers have a resolution of 600 dpi. Ink jet printers produce a spray of ink, not actual dots; however, most ink jet printers have an approximate resolution of 300 to 600 dpi and produce good results when printing images up to 150 ppi. File size The digital size of an image, measured in kilobytes (K), megabytes (MB), or gigabytes (GB).
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 49 User Guide About resampling About interpolation methods Resampling refers to changing the pixel dimensions (and therefore display size) of an image. When you downsample (or decrease the number of pixels), information is deleted from the image. When you resample up (or increase the number of pixels), new pixels are added based on color values of existing pixels.
50 CHAPTER 2 Getting Images into Photoshop Elements To change the pixel dimensions of an image: 1 Choose Image > Resize > Image Size. 2 Make sure that Resample Image is selected, and choose an interpolation method. (See “About interpolation methods” on page 49.) 3 To maintain the current proportions of pixel width to pixel height, select Constrain Proportions. This option automatically updates the width as you change the height, and vice versa.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 51 User Guide 4 Under Document Size, enter new values for the height and width. If desired, choose a new unit of measurement. Note that for Width, the Columns option uses the width and gutter sizes specified in the Units & Rulers preferences. (See “Using rulers and the grid” on page 27.) Scanner drivers are provided and supported by the manufacturers of the scanners, not Adobe Systems Incorporated.
52 CHAPTER 2 Getting Images into Photoshop Elements You must install the TWAIN device and its software, and restart your computer, before you can use it to import images into Photoshop Elements. See the documentation provided by your device manufacturer for installation information. To import an image using the TWAIN interface: Do one of the following: • Choose File > Import, and choose the device you want to use from the submenu.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 53 User Guide To import images: 1 Follow the procedures in the digital camera software documentation to connect the digital camera to your computer. 2 Choose File > Import, and select your digital camera from the submenu. Note: If the name of your camera does not appear in the submenu, verify that the software and drivers were installed properly. 3 Once the digital camera software launches, import the desired images as you would if you were downloading them to your computer.
54 CHAPTER 2 Getting Images into Photoshop Elements 5 Make sure Unique Subfolder is selected so that the imported images are put directly into a folder named with the current date. 6 Select the scanner that you want to use. Note: If the name of your scanner does not appear in the submenu, verify that the software and drivers were properly installed and that the scanner is connected. 7 Choose the kind of image you want to scan: • Color picture to use the default settings for scanning color images.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 55 User Guide • Transparent to make the first layer transparent, with no color values. The resulting document will not have a background layer. (See “About the background layer” on page 166.) 5 Click OK. Opening and importing images You can open and import images in various file formats. The available formats appear in the Open dialog box, the Open As dialog box (Windows), or the Import submenu. (See “About file formats” on page 245.
56 CHAPTER 2 Getting Images into Photoshop Elements Do one of the following: 4 Do one of the following to open the image in Photoshop Elements: • (Windows) Choose File > Open As, and • Double-click an image file. select the file you want to open. Then choose the desired format from the Open As pop-up menu, and click Open. • Drag and drop an image file.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 57 User Guide Generic PDF files Are created using applications other than Photoshop Elements, such as Adobe Acrobat and Adobe Illustrator, and can contain multiple pages and images. When you open a Generic PDF file, Photoshop Elements rasterizes the image. You can also bring PDF data into Photoshop Elements using the Place command, the Paste command, and the drag-and-drop feature.
58 CHAPTER 2 Getting Images into Photoshop Elements To open an EPS file: 1 Choose File > Open. 2 Select the file you want to open, and click Open. 3 Indicate the desired dimensions, resolution, • Profile to specify a device profile for color management. (See “Using color management” on page 65.) 4 Select options for the destination image: and mode. To maintain the same height-to-width ratio, select Constrain Proportions. • Resolution to specify the resolution of the opened image.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 59 User Guide 7 Select a color depth and, if necessary, a byte order. 8 For Header, enter a value. 9 If you are missing the dimensions or header value, you can have Photoshop Elements estimate the parameters. Either enter the correct height and width values to estimate the header size, or enter the correct header size to estimate the height and width, and then click Guess. 10 To have Photoshop Elements retain the header when you save the file, select Retain When Saving.
60 CHAPTER 2 Getting Images into Photoshop Elements Placing files You can use the File > Place command to place artwork into a new layer in an image. In Photoshop Elements, you can place PDF, Adobe Illustrator, and EPS files. When you place a PDF, Adobe Illustrator, or EPS file, it is rasterized; you cannot edit text or vector data in placed artwork. Keep in mind that artwork is rasterized at the resolution of the file into which it is placed.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 61 User Guide 7 If desired, skew the placed artwork by holding down Ctrl (Windows) or Command (Mac OS), and dragging a side handle of the bounding box. 8 Set the Anti-alias option in the options bar as desired. To blend edge pixels during rasterization, select the Anti-alias option. To produce a hardedged transition between edge pixels during rasterization, deselect the Anti-alias option.
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65 Chapter 3: Working with Color amiliarity with color theory and terminology can help you understand how color is measured and how Adobe Photoshop Elements uses this information to define, display, and print color values. You can apply colors and make color and tonal adjustments using the color information of an image. F About color and computer graphics Objects appear to be certain colors because of their ability to reflect, absorb, or transmit light, which we perceive as color.
66 CHAPTER 3 Working with Color • Full color management to tag the image with a standard color profile for print graphics. The exact color profile depends on the color mode of the image. 3 Choose File > Save As, and select ICC Profile (Windows) or Embed Color Profile (Mac OS) in the Save As dialog box. 4 Finish saving the image, as described in “Saving images” on page 246. Calibrating your monitor For color management to work effectively, you must calibrate your computer monitor.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 67 User Guide • Remove colorful background patterns on your monitor desktop. Busy or bright patterns surrounding a document interfere with accurate color perception. Set your desktop to display neutral grays only, using RGB values of 128. For more information, see the documentation for your operating system.
68 CHAPTER 3 Working with Color • Saturation, sometimes called chroma, is the strength or purity of the color. Saturation represents the amount of gray in proportion to the hue, measured as a percentage from 0% (gray) to 100% (fully saturated). On the standard color wheel, saturation increases from the center to the edge. • Brightness is the relative lightness or darkness of the color, usually measured as a percentage from 0% (black) to 100% (white).
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 69 User Guide a G value of 20, and a B value of 50. When the values of all three components are equal, the result is a shade of neutral gray. When the value of all components is 255, the result is pure white; when the value is 0, pure black. RGB images use three colors, or channels, to reproduce up to 16.7 million colors on-screen. In addition to being the default mode for new Photoshop images, the RGB model is used by computer monitors to display colors.
70 CHAPTER 3 Working with Color To convert an image to another mode: To convert an image to Bitmap mode: Choose Image > Mode, and choose the mode you want from the submenu. Modes not available for the active image appear dimmed in the menu. 1 Do one of the following: Note: Images are flattened when you convert them to Bitmap or Indexed Color mode, because these modes do not support layers.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 71 User Guide surrounding pixels and diffused throughout the image, resulting in a grainy, filmlike texture. This option is useful for viewing images on a blackand-white screen. Converting to indexed color Converting to indexed color reduces the number of colors in the image to at most 256— the standard number of colors supported by the GIF and PNG-8 formats and many Web browsers. This conversion reduces file size by deleting color information from the image.
72 CHAPTER 3 Working with Color System (Mac OS) Uses the Mac OS default 8-bit palette, which is based on a uniform sampling of RGB colors. System (Windows) Uses the Windows system’s default 8-bit palette, which is based on a uniform sampling of RGB colors. Web Uses the 216 colors that Web browsers, regardless of platform, use to display images on a monitor limited to 256 colors. This palette is a subset of the Mac OS 8-bit palette.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 73 User Guide Forced Provides options to force the inclusion of certain colors in the color table. Black and White adds a pure black and a pure white to the color table; Primaries adds red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, black, and white; Web adds the 216 Web-safe colors; and Custom lets you define custom colors to add. Transparency Specifies whether to preserve trans- parent areas of the image during conversion.
74 CHAPTER 3 Working with Color If you are changing a range of colors, Photoshop Elements creates a gradient in the color table between the starting and ending colors. The first color you choose in the Color Picker is the beginning color for the range. When you click OK, the Color Picker reappears so that you can choose the last color in the range. The colors you selected in the Color Picker are placed in the range you selected in the Color Table dialog box.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 75 User Guide You can designate a new foreground or background color using the eyedropper tool, the Swatches palette, or the Adobe Color Picker. Using color settings in the toolbox The current foreground color appears in the upper color selection box in the toolbox; the current background color appears in the lower box. Using the eyedropper tool The eyedropper tool samples color from an image to designate a new foreground or background color.
76 CHAPTER 3 Working with Color As you drag the eyedropper tool, the foreground color selection box changes dynamically. Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) to activate the background color selection box. Release the mouse button to pick the new color. To add a color to the Swatches palette: 1 Use the eyedropper tool ( ) or the Adobe Color Picker to select the color you want to add. (See “Using the Adobe Color Picker” on page 77.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 77 User Guide • Replace Swatches to replace the current swatch library with swatches stored in a file. • Save Swatches to save a swatch library in a file. You can also load or save swatches using the Preset Manager. (See “Working with presets” on page 35.) Exiting Photoshop Elements saves the contents of the current palette in the Preferences file. To return to the default Swatches palette: 1 Choose Reset Swatches from the Swatches palette menu.
78 CHAPTER 3 Working with Color For example, if the current color is black and you click the red component (R) using the RGB color model, the color slider displays the range of color for red (0 is at the bottom of the slider and 255 is at the top). The color field displays the values for blue along its horizontal axis, for green along its vertical axis. To specify a color using the color field and color slider: 1 Click a component next to the HSB or RGB values.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 79 User Guide Using other color pickers To use the Apple Color Picker (Mac OS): In addition to the default Adobe Color Picker, you can use the built-in color pickers on your system or a plug-in color picker to select colors. Any plug-in color pickers you install appear under Color Picker in the General Preferences dialog box. For information on installing and using a plug-in color picker, see the documentation that came with the plug-in. 1 Choose Edit > Preferences > General.
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83 Chapter 4: Making Color and Tonal Corrections he color and tonal correction tools in Photoshop Elements are used with images that were taken with a digital camera or scanned. You can correct the colors in an entire image, or just portions of an image. T About correcting images It may be necessary to correct the color and tone in an image for several reasons. The original photograph may have a color cast caused by using incorrect film or lighting.
84 CHAPTER 4 Making Color and Tonal Corrections Make other special color adjustments Once you have corrected the overall color balance of your image, you can make optional adjustments to enhance colors or produce special effects. (See “Applying special color effects to images” on page 95.) Sharpen the edges of the image As a final step, use the Unsharp Mask filter to sharpen the clarity of edges in the image.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 85 User Guide To display the histogram for an image: 1 To display histogram data for a portion of the image, first select that portion. By default, the histogram displays the tonal range of the entire image. Level Displays the intensity level of the area underneath the pointer. Count Shows the total number of pixels corre- sponding to the intensity level underneath the pointer. 2 Choose Image > Histogram.
86 CHAPTER 4 Making Color and Tonal Corrections Using the Auto Levels command Using the Auto Contrast command The Auto Levels command defines the lightest and darkest pixels in an image, and then redistributes intermediate pixel values proportionately. Because Auto Levels adjusts each color channel (red, green, and blue) individually, it may remove or introduce color casts. The Auto Contrast command adjusts the overall contrast and mixture of colors in an image automatically.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 87 User Guide To use the Adjust Backlighting command: To use the Brightness/Contrast command: 1 Choose Enhance > Adjust Backlighting. 1 Do one of the following: 2 Drag the Darker slider or enter a value in the • Choose Enhance > Brightness/Contrast > text box to adjust the tonal variation in the image. Values can range from 0 to 100. Brightness/Contrast. 3 Click OK.
88 CHAPTER 4 Making Color and Tonal Corrections avoid altering the color balance. You can use the middle Input slider to change the intensity values of the middle range of gray tones without dramatically altering the highlights and shadows. image) are mapped to 255; pixels with lower intensity values are mapped to corresponding lighter values. This remapping lightens the image, increasing the contrast in highlight areas.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 89 User Guide 4 If your image needs midtone corrections, use the gray Input Levels slider. Drag the slider to the right to darken the midtones; drag it to the left to lighten the midtones. You can also enter values directly in the middle Input Levels text box. 5 Click OK. 6 To view the adjusted histogram, reopen the Levels dialog box. The gaps in the adjusted histogram do not indicate a perceptible problem in the image unless they are large or accompanied by a low pixel count.
90 CHAPTER 4 Making Color and Tonal Corrections • With a low-key image, you might want to set the highlight to a lower value to avoid too much contrast. Experiment with Brightness values between 96 and 80. 6 In the image, click the highlight you identified in step 4. If you accidentally click the wrong highlight, hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS), and click Reset in the Levels dialog box. The pixel values throughout the image are adjusted proportionately to the new highlight values.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 91 User Guide darkest parts if you are dragging the black slider. If a color channel is selected in the Levels dialog box, the black area indicates where none of the given color component exists. color components, it helps to keep a diagram of the color wheel on hand. You can use the color wheel to predict how a change in one color component affects other colors. A B F C E D A. Green B. Yellow C. Red D. Magenta E. Blue F.
92 CHAPTER 4 Making Color and Tonal Corrections Using the Color Cast command The Color Cast command changes the overall mixture of colors in an image for generalized color correction. You can also use the Colorize option to add color to a grayscale image converted to RGB, or to an RGB image—for example, to make it look like a duotone by reducing its color values to one hue. To use the Color Cast command: To use the Hue/Saturation command: 1 Choose Enhance > Color > Color Cast.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 93 User Guide 4 For Saturation, enter a value or drag the slider to the right to increase the saturation or to the left to decrease it. The color shifts away from or toward the center of the wheel, relative to the beginning color values of the selected pixels. Values can range from –100 to +100. • Ctrl-drag (Windows) or Command-drag (Mac OS) the color bar so that a different color is in the center of the bar.
94 CHAPTER 4 Making Color and Tonal Corrections To colorize a grayscale image or create a monotone effect: 1 If you are colorizing a grayscale image, choose Image > Mode > RGB to convert the image to RGB. 2 Open the Hue/Saturation dialog box. 3 Select Colorize. The image is converted to the hue of the current foreground color, if the foreground color is not black or white. The lightness value of each pixel does not change. 4 Use the Hue slider to select a new color if desired.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 95 User Guide Using the Variations command The Variations command lets you adjust the color balance, contrast, and saturation of an image by showing you thumbnails of alternatives. This command is most useful for average-key images that don’t require precise color adjustments. It does not work on indexed-color images. To use the Variations command: 1 Choose Enhance > Variations.
96 CHAPTER 4 Making Color and Tonal Corrections Using the Invert command The Invert command inverts the colors in an image. You might use this command to make a positive black-and-white image negative or to make a positive from a scanned black-and-white negative. Note: Because color print film contains an orange mask in its base, the Invert command cannot make accurate positive images from scanned color negatives. Be sure to use the proper settings for color negatives when scanning film on slide scanners.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 97 User Guide To use the Threshold command to convert images to black and white: 6 Click Cancel to close the Threshold dialog box without applying changes to the image. 1 Do one of the following: • Choose Image > Adjustments > Threshold. Using the Posterize command • Create a new Threshold adjustment layer, or The Posterize command lets you specify the number of tonal levels (or brightness values) for each channel in an image and then maps pixels to the closest matching level.
98 CHAPTER 4 Making Color and Tonal Corrections To use the Posterize command: 1 Do one of the following: • Choose Image > Adjustments > Posterize. • Create a new Posterize adjustment layer, or open an existing Posterize adjustment layer. (See “Using adjustment layers and fill layers” on page 181.) • To edit the gradient fill currently displayed in the Gradient Map dialog box, click the gradient fill. Then modify the existing gradient fill or create a new gradient fill.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 99 User Guide Unsharp Mask locates pixels that differ from surrounding pixels by the threshold you specify and increases the pixels’ contrast by the amount you specify. In addition, you specify the radius of the region to which each pixel is compared. The effects of the Unsharp Mask filter are far more pronounced on-screen than in high-resolution output. If your final destination is print, experiment to determine what settings work best for your image.
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103 Chapter 5: Selecting o modify part of an image in Adobe Photoshop Elements, you first select the area you want to edit in the currently active layer. You can choose from a variety of specialized tools for creating selection borders. T isolating color areas with the magic wand tool. Making a new selection replaces the existing one. Additionally, you can create selections that can be added to or subtracted from existing selections.
104 CHAPTER 5 Selecting To use the marquee tools: 1 Select a marquee tool: • Rectangle marquee ( ) to make a rectangular selection. • Elliptical marquee ( selection. ) to make an elliptical 2 In the options bar, specify whether to create a new selection ( ), add to a selection( ), subtract from a selection ( ), or select an area intersected by other selections ( ). 3 Specify a feathering setting in the options bar. Turn anti-aliasing on or off for the elliptical marquee.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 105 User Guide 4 To close the selection border, release the mouse without holding down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS). To use the polygonal lasso tool: 1 Select the polygonal lasso tool ( ), and select options. (See “Setting options for the lasso, polygonal lasso, and magnetic lasso tools” on page 106.) 2 Click in the image to set the starting point.
106 CHAPTER 5 Selecting 7 Close the selection border: • To close the border with a freehand magnetic segment, double-click, press Enter or Return, or click anywhere outside the document window. • To close the border with a straight segment, hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS), and double-click. • To close the border, drag back over the starting point and click. • To close the border, click anywhere outside the active window.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 107 User Guide To use the magic wand tool: Moving, hiding, or inverting a selection 1 Select the magic wand tool ( ). You can move a selection border around an image, hide a selection border, and invert a selection so that the previously unselected part of the image is selected. 2 In the options bar, specify whether to create a new selection ( ), add to an existing selection ( ), subtract from a selection ( ), or select an area intersected by other selections ( ).
108 CHAPTER 5 Selecting To select the unselected parts of an image: 2 Do one of the following: Choose Select > Inverse. • Select the Subtract from Selection option ( ) in the options bar, and drag inside the selection to subtract it. You can use this option to select an object placed against a solid-colored background. Select the background using the magic wand tool and then inverse the selection.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 109 User Guide Anti-aliasing Smooths the jagged edges of a selection by softening the color transition between edge pixels and background pixels. Since only the edge pixels change, no detail is lost. Anti-aliasing is useful when cutting, copying, and pasting selections to create composite images. Anti-aliasing is available for the lasso, polygonal lasso, magnetic lasso, rectangular marquee, elliptical marquee, and magic wand tools. (Select a tool to display its options bar.
110 CHAPTER 5 Selecting Moving, copying, and pasting selections and layers You can move or copy selections and layers within or between images—and also between images in other applications. Moving selections and layers within an image The move tool lets you drag a selection or layer to a new location in the image. With the Info palette open, you can track the exact distance of the move. To specify move tool options: 1 Select the move tool ( ).
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 111 User Guide Depending on your color management settings and the color profile associated with the file (or imported data), you may be prompted to specify how to handle color information in the file (or imported data). For more information, see “Using color management” on page 65. To copy a selection: 1 Select the area you want to copy. 2 Do one of the following: • Choose Edit > Copy to copy the selection to the Clipboard.
112 CHAPTER 5 Selecting Using drag and drop to copy between applications The drag-and-drop feature lets you copy and move images between Photoshop Elements and other applications. In Windows, the application must be OLEcompliant. To duplicate an entire image by dragging and dropping, use the move tool to drag the image. To copy an OLE object that contains .psd data, use the OLE Clipboard. (See your Windows documentation.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 113 User Guide 4 In the dialog box, select from the following options: • Paste as Pixels to have the artwork rasterized as it is pasted. Rasterizing converts mathematically defined vector artwork to pixels. • Paste as Shape Layer to create a new shape layer that uses the path as a layer clipping path.
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117 Chapter 6: Transforming and Retouching ou can transform and retouch images in many ways. For example, you can manipulate areas of a layer as if the pixels in the area had been melted, and scale, rotate, or flip selections or images. Y 4 If necessary, select the Shield cropped area option to show the cropping shield. To adjust the color and opacity of the cropping shield, use the color selection box and the opacity pop-up slider in the options bar.
118 CHAPTER 6 Transforming and Retouching Changing the size of the work canvas Creating panoramic images using Photomerge The Canvas Size command lets you add or remove work space around an existing image. You can crop an image by decreasing the canvas area. Added canvas appears in the currently selected background color or transparent as the background. The Photomerge™ command lets you create a seamless, panoramic image from multiple photographs.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 119 User Guide Image overlap Images should have an overlap of Image Size Don’t try to merge images that are approximately 30% to 50% of the image area. If the overlap is less, Photomerge may not be able to automatically assemble the panorama. However, keep in mind that the images shouldn't overlap too much. If images overlap by 70% or more, it can be difficult to work with them, and blending may not be as effective.
120 CHAPTER 6 Transforming and Retouching To set up a new Photomerge composition: 1 Choose File > Photomerge. 2 Click Add in the Photomerge dialog box. 3 Navigate to the source files and select the files for your Photomerge composition. 4 Click Open to add the files to the Source Files list in the Photomerge dialog box. You can always remove a file from the Source Files list by selecting the file and clicking Remove.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 121 User Guide To change your view of a composition: 2 Do one or more of the following: Do one or more of the following: • Drag an image in the work area to reposition it. Hold down Shift to constrain the movement to a horizontal path, a vertical path, or a 45° angle. • Select the hand tool ( ) and drag in the work area to move the view. • Drag the view box in the Navigator thumbnail. The view box represents the boundaries of the work area.
122 CHAPTER 6 Transforming and Retouching To adjust the perspective of a composition: 1 Select the Use Perspective option. 2 Select the vanishing point tool ( ), and click on an image in the work area to make it the vanishing point image. The perspective correction only works up to approximately a 120° angle of view. For a wider angle of view, the Use Perspective option should be deselected.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 123 User Guide To preview a Photomerge composition: 1 Select Composition options as desired: • Cylindrical Mapping to reduce the “bow tie” distortion that can occur when you apply perspective correction. You must select the Use Perspective option in order to apply cylindrical mapping. Saving and opening Photomerge compositions You can save a composition so that you can reaccess it at a later time.
124 CHAPTER 6 Transforming and Retouching Using the Liquify filter The Liquify filter makes it easy to manipulate areas of an image as if those areas had been melted. You work with a preview image of the current layer, using special tools to warp, twirl, expand, contract, shift, and reflect areas of the image. When you’re finished, you can apply the changes to the actual image. 2 Choose Filter > Liquify. A dialog box displays the preview image, tools for editing the image, and tool and view options.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 125 User Guide • The twirl counterclockwise tool ( ) to rotate pixels counterclockwise as you hold down the mouse button or drag. • The pucker tool ( ) to move pixels toward the center of the brush area as you hold down the mouse button or drag. • The bloat tool ( ) to move pixels away from the center of the brush area as you hold down the mouse button or drag. • The shift pixels tool ( ) to move pixels perpendicular to the stroke direction.
126 CHAPTER 6 Transforming and Retouching • Canvas 90° Right to rotate the image clockwise by a quarter-turn. • Canvas 180° to rotate the image by a half-turn. • Canvas Custom to rotate the image by the angle you specify. If you choose this option, enter an angle between –359.99 and 359.99 in the angle text box, and then select Right or Left to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. Click OK. • Flip Canvas Horizontal to flip the image horizontally.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 127 User Guide To set the reference point for a transformation: To freely rotate a layer, selection, or shape: 1 Select a transformation command, as described in the following topics. A bounding box appears in the image. 1 Select the layer, area, or shape you want to transform. (See “Specifying what to transform” on page 126.) 2 In the options bar, click a square on the reference point locator ( ). Each square represents a point on the bounding box.
128 CHAPTER 6 Transforming and Retouching To scale a layer, selection, or shape: 1 Select the layer, area, or shape you want to transform. (See “Specifying what to transform” on page 126.) 2 Choose Image > Resize > Scale. 3 To scale in relation to a point other than the center of the layer or selection, see “Setting the reference point” on page 126. 4 Do one of the following: • Drag a handle. Press Shift as you drag a corner handle to scale proportionately.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 129 User Guide 3 If desired, switch to a different type of transformation by clicking the Rotate button ( ), the Scale button ( ), or the Skew button ( ) in the options bar, or by selecting a command from the Image > Transform submenu. • To scale, drag a handle. Press Shift as you drag a corner handle to scale proportionately. When positioned over a handle, the pointer becomes a double arrow ( ).
130 CHAPTER 6 Transforming and Retouching Transforming objects in three dimensions The 3D Transform filter lets you manipulate a flat, two-dimensional image as if it were a solid, threedimensional object. Take, for example, a perspective photograph of a cereal box. You specify the corners of the box using a wire frame, and you can then manipulate the box as if it were a threedimensional object. You can reposition the box, turn or rotate it, shrink or enlarge it, and change its field of view.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 131 User Guide 3 If you are creating a complex cylinder, do any of the following: • To move the object, click the pan camera tool ( ) in the dialog box, and drag the object. • To add an anchor point to a cylinder, select the add anchor point tool ( ) in the dialog box, and click the right side of the wire frame. For example, you can add an anchor point to more closely fit the cylindrical wire frame to a picture of a bottle.
132 CHAPTER 6 Transforming and Retouching Modifying the preview image Use the zoom and hand tools in the 3D Transform dialog box to change your preview of an image. These actions do not modify the transformation itself, only your view of it. • Select Display Background to include the portions of the original image outside of the wire frame in the preview and with the rendered image. Turn this option off to separate the transformed object from the original background. 3 Click OK.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 133 User Guide 4 Select Aligned to apply the entire sampled area once, regardless of how many times you stop and resume painting. This option is useful when you want to use different-sized brushes to paint an image. You can also use the Aligned option to duplicate two halves of a single image and place them at different locations. If Aligned is deselected, the sampled area is applied from the initial sampling point each time you stop and resume painting.
134 CHAPTER 6 Transforming and Retouching Using the red eye brush Red eye occurs when light from an on-camera flash reflects off the back of the eye. You can easily remove red eye from an image using the red eye brush. You can also use the red eye brush to retouch other details in an image, such as braces. To use the red eye brush: 1 Select the red eye brush ( ). 2 Choose a brush size from the pop-up palette in the options bar.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 135 User Guide If a brush is too large to fit in the palette, it appears as a smaller brush with a number indicating the actual diameter in pixels. To use the blur or sharpen tool: 3 Specify a blending mode and pressure. the options bar. To learn more about using pop-up palettes, see “Using pop-up palettes” on page 35. (See “Setting options for painting and editing tools” on page 147.) 4 Select Use All Layers to smudge using color data from all visible layers.
136 CHAPTER 6 Transforming and Retouching To use the dodge or burn tool: To use the sponge tool: 1 Select the dodge tool ( ) or burn tool ( ). 1 Select the sponge tool ( ). 2 Choose a brush size from the pop-up palette in 2 Choose a brush size from the pop-up palette in the options bar. To learn more about using pop-up palettes, see “Using pop-up palettes” on page 35. the options bar. To learn more about using pop-up palettes, see “Using pop-up palettes” on page 35.
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139 Chapter 7: Painting and Drawing here are several tools you can use to paint and draw objects in Photoshop Elements. You can create different effects with the painting and drawing tools by customizing the options for each tool. You can also create and edit shapes using the shape tools. Other tools and commands let you transform and retouch an image. T About painting and drawing When creating graphics on a computer, there is a distinction between painting and drawing.
140 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing 6 Set additional options: To use the eraser tool: • For the paintbrush tool, select Wet Edges to 1 Select the eraser tool ( ). paint with a watercolor effect. The paint builds up along the edges of the brush stroke. 2 Choose a brush size from the pop-up palette in • For the pencil tool, select Auto Erase to paint the background color over areas containing the foreground color. 7 Specify the rate at which a brush stroke fades dynamically.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 141 User Guide parency, the pixels change to the background color; otherwise, the pixels are erased to transparency. You can choose to erase contiguous pixels only or all similar pixels on the current layer. Erasing similar pixels To use the magic eraser tool: 1 Select the magic eraser tool ( ). 2 Enter a tolerance value. This defines the range of colors that can be erased. A low tolerance erases pixels within a range of color values very similar to the pixel you click.
142 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing 5 For Tolerance, enter a value or drag the slider. A low tolerance limits erasure to areas that are very similar to the sampled color. A high tolerance erases a broader range of colors. 6 Specify the rate at which a brush stroke fades dynamically. (See “Specifying a paint fade-out rate” on page 149.) Using the impressionist brush tool The impressionist brush tool lets you paint with stylized strokes.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 143 User Guide 6 For Fidelity, enter a value or drag the slider to control how much the paint color deviates from the color in the source state or snapshot. The lower the fidelity, the more the color will vary from the source. 7 For Area, enter a value to specify the area covered by the paint strokes. The greater the size, the larger the covered area and the more numerous the strokes.
144 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing shows the current brush angle and roundness. As you enter new options, the brushes in these boxes update. Set the brush options as described in“Setting brush options” on page 145, then click OK. • Click the brush sample in the options bar to display the options of the selected brush. Then click New ( ) to save this brush as a preset. Enter a name for the brush, and set the brush options as described in “Setting brush options” on page 145.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 145 User Guide You can set the spacing and anti-alias options by selecting the brush from the pop-up palette in the options bar and clicking the brush sample. If you make changes, click the New Preset button ( ) to save your changes as a new preset item. To set brush options: 1 Do one of the following: • To edit the current brush, click the brush sample in the options bar.
146 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing Hardness Controls the size of the brush’s hard Angle Specifies the angle by which an elliptical center. Type a number, or use the slider to enter a value that is a percentage of the brush diameter. brush’s long axis is offset from horizontal. Type a value in degrees, or drag the horizontal axis in the left preview box. Brush strokes with different hardness values Angled brushes create a chiseled stroke.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 147 User Guide Setting options for painting and editing tools You set options for a painting or editing tool in the options bar for that tool. Selecting a blending mode The blending mode specified in the options bar controls how pixels in the image are affected by a painting or editing tool. It’s helpful to think in terms of the following colors when visualizing a blending mode’s effect: • The base color is the original color in the image.
148 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing Soft Light Darkens or lightens the colors, depending on the blend color. The effect is similar to shining a diffused spotlight on the image. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the image is lightened, as if it were dodged. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, the image is darkened, as if it were burned in. Painting with pure black or white produces a distinctly darker or lighter area but does not result in pure black or white.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 149 User Guide Specifying opacity, pressure, or exposure You can specify opacity, pressure, or exposure for a variety of tools: • Opacity is used by the gradient fill, pencil, paintbrush, clone stamp, pattern stamp, and impressionist brush tools. • Pressure of action is applied by the airbrush, smudge, blur, sharpen, and sponge tools. • Amount of exposure is used by the dodge and burn tools.
150 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing To specify a paint fade-out rate: Using the gradient tools 1 Click the Brush Dynamics button ( The gradient tools create a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from existing gradient fills or create your own. ) in the options bar, and choose Fade for each of the following options you want to set: • Size to decrease the brush stroke size over the length of a brush stroke. • Opacity/Pressure to reduce the opacity over the length of a stroke.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 151 User Guide To apply a gradient fill: Creating or editing gradient fills 1 To fill part of the image, select the desired area. Otherwise, the gradient fill is applied to the entire active layer. The Gradient Editor dialog box lets you define a new gradient by modifying a copy of an existing gradient. You can also edit fills by adding intermediate colors to a gradient, or creating a blend between more than two colors. 2 Select the gradient tool ( ).
152 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing 3 Select a gradient from the list to create a new gradient based on the gradient you selected. 4 To define the starting color of the gradient, click the left color stop under the gradient bar. The triangle above the stop turns black, indicating that the starting color is being edited.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 153 User Guide Applying gradient fill to text Specifying the gradient transparency You can fill text using the gradient tool. Each gradient fill contains settings that control the opacity of the fill at different locations on the gradient. For example, you can set the starting color to 100% opacity and have the fill gradually blend into an ending color with 50% opacity. The checkerboard pattern indicates the amount of transparency in the gradient preview.
154 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing • Drag the diamond above the gradient bar to the left or right. To create a noise gradient: • Select the diamond and enter a value for Location. 2 Click in the gradient sample in the options bar 1 Select the gradient tool ( ). to display the Gradient Editor dialog box. 7 To delete the opacity stop you are editing, click Delete. 3 Select a gradient from the list. The new gradient will be based on this gradient.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 155 User Guide Managing gradients By saving and loading libraries of gradients, you can customize the gradient list that appears in the gradient options bar and the Gradient Editor dialog box. For information on using the pop-up palette in the Gradient Editor dialog box, see “Using pop-up palettes” on page 35. You can also manage gradients using the Preset Manager. (For more information on the Preset Manager, see “Working with presets” on page 35.
156 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing Drawing shapes You use the shape tools to draw lines, rectangles, rounded rectangles, polygons, ellipses, and custom shapes in an image. • Set additional, tool-specific options. (See “Setting shape tool options” on page 156.) 3 Drag in the image to draw the shape. To create multiple shapes in the same layer: The shape tools provide an easy way to create buttons, navigation bars, and other items used on Web pages. Creating shapes 1 Select a layer in the Layers palette.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 157 User Guide To set tool-specific options: Indent Sides By Renders a polygon as a star. Enter 1 Select a shape tool. a percentage in the text box to specify the portion of the star’s radius taken up by the points. A 50% setting creates points that are half the total radius of the star; a larger value creates sharper, thinner points; a smaller value creates fuller points. 2 In the options bar, set the options that are available for the active shape tool.
158 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing Changing the color of shapes To apply a layer style to a shape: In the Layers palette, shape layers are distinguished by two thumbnail icons to the left of the layer name. The left icon is the color thumbnail and displays the fill color for all shapes on the layer; the right icon is the clipping path thumbnail and displays the outline of all shapes on the layer. You can change the color of a shape by double-clicking its color thumbnail in the Layers palette.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 159 User Guide Moving shapes To simplify a shape layer: If a layer contains multiple shapes, you can reposition all the shapes together using the move tool. However, if you want to reposition a specific shape in a layer, you must use the shape selection tool. The shape selection tool is grouped with the shape tools in the toolbox. 1 Select a shape layer in the Layers palette. 2 Do one of the following: • Choose Layer > Simplify Layer.
160 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing you can easily change the type of layer being used. (See “Using the Layers palette” on page 166 and “Using adjustment layers and fill layers” on page 181.) To fill a selection or a layer with a foreground or background color: 1 Specify a foreground or background color. 5 Specify the blending mode and opacity for the paint. (See “Setting options for painting and editing tools” on page 147.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 161 User Guide • Select the paint bucket tool ( ). In the options bar, set Fill to Pattern and click the inverted arrow next to the pattern sample and select a pattern from the pop-up palette. Then click to fill the selected area with the pattern. Note: You can load additional pattern libraries into the pop-up palette prior to making a selection. (See “Using pop-up palettes” on page 35.) 6 Specify an opacity and a blending mode.
162 CHAPTER 7 Painting and Drawing To define a pattern for use with the pattern tool: 4 Click OK. 1 Use the rectangle marquee tool ( ) on any open image to select an area to use as a pattern. Feather must be set to 0 px. 5 Make a rectangular selection around the pattern, or choose Select > All. 2 Choose Edit > Define Pattern and enter a name for the pattern. 3 Deselect the rectangle. 6 Choose Edit > Define Pattern. The pattern is defined as an Adobe Photoshop Elements pattern.
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165 Chapter 8: Using Layers ayers are the basis for creating and editing images in Photoshop Elements. Layers help you to customize your images, and can give your images different artistic effects. Layers also make managing components in your images easier. L A good way to think of layers is as sheets of acetate stacked one on top of the other. Where there is no image on a layer, you can see through to the layers below. Behind all of the layers is the background.
166 CHAPTER 8 Using Layers Using the Layers palette The Layers palette lists all layers in an image, starting with the topmost layer. The order of layers in the Layers palette indicates the order of layers in the image—the topmost layer in the Layers palette is the topmost layer in the image. You can change the stacking order of layers by dragging a layer to a new position in the Layers palette.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 167 User Guide The right column lists the layer’s name and may display additional icons. By default, this column also shows a thumbnail image that is updated as you edit the layer. You can change the thumbnail size or choose not to show thumbnails in the Layers palette. Displaying the Layers palette When you open Photoshop Elements for the first time, the Layers palette appears on the right side of your work area grouped with the Layer Styles palette.
168 CHAPTER 8 Using Layers To select a layer: To show or hide a layer: Do one of the following: Do one of the following: • In the Layers palette, click a layer to make it active. • In the Layers palette, click the eye icon next to a layer to hide that layer. Click in the column again to redisplay the layer. • Select the move tool, right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Mac OS) in the image, and choose the layer you want from the context menu.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 169 User Guide To change the transparency display: To change the order of layers by dragging: 1 Choose Edit > Preferences > Transparency. 2 For Grid Size, choose a pattern size. By default, 1 In the Layers palette, select the layer that you want to move. the transparent areas of a document appear as a checkerboard pattern. If you choose None, transparent areas in the layer appear white. 2 Drag the layer up or down in the Layers palette.
170 CHAPTER 8 Using Layers Linking layers By linking two or more layers, you can move their contents together. You can also copy, paste, merge, and apply transformations to linked layers. • By using the type tool or by using a shape tool. (See “Creating type” on page 213 and “Drawing shapes” on page 156.) To create a new layer using default options: To link layers: 1 Select a layer in the Layers palette. 2 Click in the column immediately to the left of any layers you want to link to the active layer.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 171 User Guide The selection contents appear in the same position relative to the image boundaries. When copying layers between images, keep in mind that the printed size of the copied layer depends on the resolution of the destination image. (See “About image size and resolution” on page 46.) To duplicate a layer in an image: 1 Select the layer in the Layers palette.
172 CHAPTER 8 Using Layers • Use the move tool ( ) to drag the layer from the source image to the destination image. The copied layer appears in the destination image where you release the mouse button (and above the active layer in the Layers palette). If the layer you’re dragging is larger than the destination image, only part of the layer is visible. You can use the move tool to drag other sections of the layer into view.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 173 User Guide • Hold down Shift as you drag to move the layer directly up or down, directly to the side, or on a 45° diagonal. In other words, using the Shift key in this way constrains the movement to multiples of 45°. • Press the arrow keys on the keyboard to move the layer in 1-pixel increments, or press Shift and an arrow key to move the layer in 10-pixel increments.
174 CHAPTER 8 Using Layers Merging layers To merge all the visible layers in an image: Merging layers combines several layers into one and keeps file size manageable. When you’ve finalized the characteristics and positioning of a layer’s contents, you can merge the layer with one or more layers to create partial versions of your composite image. The intersection of all transparent areas in the merged layers remains transparent. You can also merge the layers in a linked group or grouped layer.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 175 User Guide 2 Choose Layer > Flatten Image, or choose Flatten Image from the Layers palette menu. Using layer styles Layer styles let you quickly apply effects to a layer’s content. You can scan through a variety of predefined layer styles in the Layer Styles palette and apply a style with just a click of the mouse.
176 CHAPTER 8 Using Layers To change the set of styles in the Layer Styles palette: To apply a layer style to a layer: Select a style set from the pop-up list at the top of the Layer Styles palette. Do one of the following: To change how styles are displayed in the Layer Styles palette: Choose a display option from the Layer Styles palette menu: Thumbnail or List. Applying layer styles When you apply a style to a layer, an “f ” icon ( ) appears to the right of the layer’s name in the Layers palette.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 177 User Guide 3 Adjust one or more of the following settings, and click OK. If a setting is dimmed, it is not present in the effect you are using, and therefore you cannot adjust it. Lighting Angle Specifies the lighting angle at which the effect is applied to the layer. Use Global Light Applies the lighting angle to all styles in the image. Using a global angle gives the appearance of a consistent light source shining on the image.
178 CHAPTER 8 Using Layers Locking layers You can fully or partially lock layers to protect their contents. When a layer is locked, a lock displays to the right of the layer name. The lock is solid when the layer is fully locked so that no editing is possible; it is hollow when only the layer’s transparency is locked. Locked layers can be moved to a different location within the stacking order of the Layers palette, but they cannot be deleted.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 179 User Guide 2 In the options bar, select Use All Layers. • To add the pixels to an existing selection, press Ctrl+Shift (Windows) or Command+Shift Mac OS), and click the layer thumbnail in the Layers palette. • To subtract the pixels from an existing selection, press Ctrl+Alt (Windows) or Command+Option (Mac OS), and click the layer thumbnail in the Layers palette.
180 CHAPTER 8 Using Layers Specifying opacity To specify a blending mode for a layer: A layer’s opacity determines to what degree it obscures or reveals the layer beneath it. A layer with 1% opacity appears nearly transparent, while one with 100% opacity appears completely opaque. 1 Select the layer in the Layers palette. Zebra layer with 50% opacity To specify opacity for a layer: 2 Choose an option from the Blending Mode pop-up menu.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 181 User Guide Note that only successive layers can be included in a group. The name of the base layer in the group is underlined, and the thumbnails for the overlying layers are indented. Additionally, the overlying layers display a grouped layer icon ( ). • Hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS), position the pointer over the line separating two grouped layers in the Layers palette (the pointer changes to two overlapping circles ( )), and click.
182 CHAPTER 8 Using Layers About adjustment layers Creating adjustment layers or fill layers Adjustment layers let you experiment with color and tonal adjustments to an image without permanently modifying the pixels in the image. The color and tonal changes reside within the adjustment layer, which acts as a veil through which the underlying image layers appear. Keep in mind that an adjustment layer affects all the layers below it.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 183 User Guide Color Picker” on page 77.) Pattern Click the pattern, and choose a pattern from the pop-up palette. Click Scale and enter a value or drag the slider to scale the pattern. Click Snap to Origin to position the origin of the pattern with that of the document window. (See “Using rulers and the grid” on page 27.) Select Link With Layer to specify that the pattern moves with the fill layer as it is relocated.
184 CHAPTER 8 Using Layers Threshold Specify a threshold level. (See “Using the Threshold command” on page 96.) Posterize Specify the number of tonal levels for each color channel. (See “Using the Posterize command” on page 97.) Editing adjustment layers or fill layers Once you create an adjustment or fill layer, you can easily edit the settings, or dynamically replace it with a different adjustment or fill type. You can also edit the mask of an adjustment layer or fill layer.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 185 User Guide • Shift-click the adjustment layer thumbnail to turn off the masking effects temporarily; click the thumbnail again to turn on the mask. 4 Edit the layer mask: • To constrain editing to part of the mask, make a selection. (See “Making pixel selections” on page 103.) • To remove the adjustment effect or fill, paint the layer mask with black. • To display the full effect of the adjustment or fill over the image layers beneath, paint the layer mask with white.
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189 Chapter 9: Applying Filters and Effects photographer places filters over the camera lens to create visual effects. Adobe Photoshop Elements provides filters you can use to simulate photographic effects and to create visual effects beyond the bounds of traditional photography. A Using the Filters palette The Filters palette lets you view and select filter effects.
190 CHAPTER 9 Applying Filters and Effects • Click the Thumbnail View button ( ) at the bottom of the Filters palette to view the filters as thumbnails. • Choose a display option from the Filters palette menu: List View or Thumbnail View. (See “Using palette menus” on page 23.) Previewing and applying filters Applying filters—especially to large images—can be time-consuming. You can view an example of the effect in the Filters palette.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 191 User Guide Not all of these filters load images or textures in the same way. (See “Using the Lighting Effects filter” on page 207.) To load images and textures: 1 Use the Filters palette to apply the desired filter, or choose the filter from the appropriate submenu in the Filter menu. 2 Choose Load Texture in the Texture pop-up menu. Locate and open a texture image. All textures must be in the Photoshop format. Most filters use only the grayscale information of a color file.
192 CHAPTER 9 Applying Filters and Effects Using effects Effects let you achieve complex effects through the automatic sequencing of filters, layer styles, and/or program functions. You can scan through a variety of effects in the Effects palette. 3 When prompted, click Yes to keep the effect, or click No to discard the effect. Note: To undo multiple actions effects, such as Blizzard, you must undo multiple times to clear all the actions.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 193 User Guide Apply edge effects You can use various techniques to treat the edges of a filter effect applied to only part of an image. To leave a distinct edge, simply apply the filter. For a soft edge, feather the edge, and then apply the filter. Apply filters to layers You can apply filters to individual layers or to several layers in succession to build up an effect.
194 CHAPTER 9 Applying Filters and Effects Blur filters Soften a selection or an image. Blur filters are useful for retouching. They smooth transitions by averaging the pixels next to the hard edges of defined lines and shaded areas in an image. (See “Blur filters” on page 196.) Note: To apply a Blur filter to the edges of a layer, be sure to unlock the transparency in the Layers palette. (See “Locking layers” on page 178.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 195 User Guide Invert command to outline the edges of a color image with colored lines or to outline the edges of a grayscale image with white lines. (See “Stylize filters” on page 203.) Texture filters Give images the appearance of depth or substance, or add an organic look. (See “Texture filters” on page 205.
196 CHAPTER 9 Applying Filters and Effects Poster Edges Reduces the number of colors in an Blur filters image (posterizes) according to the posterization option you set, and finds the edges of the image and draws black lines on them. Large broad areas of the image have simple shading while fine dark detail is distributed throughout the image. The Blur filters soften a selection or an image, and are useful for retouching.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 197 User Guide results; or Good and Best for smoother results, which are indistinguishable except on a large selection. Specify the origin of the blur by dragging the pattern in the Blur Center box. Smart Blur Precisely blurs an image. You can specify a radius, to determine how far the filter searches for dissimilar pixels to blur; a threshold, to determine how different the pixels’ values should be before they are eliminated; and a blur quality.
198 CHAPTER 9 Applying Filters and Effects Displace Uses an image, called a displacement map, to determine how to distort a selection. For example, using a parabola-shaped displacement map, you can create an image that appears to be printed on a cloth held at its corners. This filter creates displacement maps, using a file with flattened layers saved in Photoshop format (except Bitmap mode images). You can also use the files included with your software (search for the Displacement maps folder).
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 199 User Guide Shear Distorts an image along a curve. Specify the curve by dragging the line in the box to form a curve for the distortion. You can adjust any point along the curve. Click Default to return the curve to a straight line. In addition, you choose how to treat undistorted areas. (See “Defining undistorted areas” on page 191.
200 CHAPTER 9 Applying Filters and Effects Despeckle Detects the edges in an image (areas where significant color changes occur) and blurs all of the selection except those edges. This blurring removes noise while preserving detail. 5 Increase the threshold gradually by entering a value or by dragging the slider to the highest value possible that eliminates defects. Dust & Scratches Reduces noise by changing Median Reduces noise in an image by blending the brightness of pixels within a selection.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 201 User Guide • For Grayscale images, use only channel 1. Render filters • For RGB images, use channels 1, 2, and 3, which correspond to the red, green, and blue channels. The Render filters create 3D shapes, cloud patterns, refraction patterns, and simulated light reflections in an image. You can also manipulate objects in 3D space, create 3D objects (cubes, spheres, and cylinders), and create texture fills from grayscale files to produce 3D-like effects for lighting.
202 CHAPTER 9 Applying Filters and Effects Lighting Effects Lets you produce myriad lighting effects on RGB images by varying 17 light styles, 3 light types, and 4 sets of light properties. You can also use textures from grayscale files (called bump maps) to produce 3D-like effects and save your own styles for use in other images. (See “Lighting Effects filter” on page 207.) Texture Fill Fills a selection with a grayscale file or part of a file.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 203 User Guide For a muted effect, change the background color to white with some foreground color added to it before applying the filter. (See “Using texture and glass surface controls” on page 191.) Stamp Is best used with black-and-white images. The filter simplifies the image to appear stamped with a rubber or wood stamp. Graphic Pen Uses fine, linear ink strokes to consisting of text or high-contrast objects.
204 CHAPTER 9 Applying Filters and Effects Emboss Makes a selection appear raised or stamped by converting its fill color to gray and tracing the edges with the original fill color. Options include an embossing angle (from –360° to lower (stamp) the surface, to +360° to raise the surface), height, and a percentage (1% to 500%) for the amount of color within the selection. Extrude Gives a 3D texture to a selection or layer.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 205 User Guide To use the Trace Contour filter: 1 Choose Filter > Stylize > Trace Contour, or use the Filters palette to apply the Trace Contour filter. 2 Choose an Edge option to outline areas in the selection: Lower outlines where the color values of pixels fall below the specified level, and Upper outlines where the color values fall above. 3 Enter a threshold (Level) for evaluating color values (tonal level), from 0 to 255.
206 CHAPTER 9 Applying Filters and Effects Other filters Filters in the Other submenu let you create your own filter effects, use filters to modify masks, offset a selection within an image, and make quick color adjustments. Custom Lets you design your own filter effect. With the Custom filter, you can change the brightness values of each pixel in the image according to a predefined mathematical operation known as convolution. Each pixel is reassigned a value based on the values of surrounding pixels.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 207 User Guide individual pixels in a selection. Within a specified radius, the Maximum and Minimum filters replace the current pixel’s brightness value with the greatest or least brightness value of the surrounding pixels. Offset Moves a selection a specified amount horizontally to the right or vertically down, leaving an empty space at the selection’s original location.
208 CHAPTER 9 Applying Filters and Effects 6 To use a texture fill, choose a color in the Texture Channel pop-up menu. (See “Using a Lighting Effects texture” on page 210.) To adjust the angle and height of the Directional light using the preview window: 7 Click OK to apply the filter. 1 Choose Filter > Render > Lighting Effects, or use the Filters palette to apply the Lighting Effects filter. Choosing a Lighting Effects type 2 For Light Type, choose Directional.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 209 User Guide • To stretch the ellipse or rotate the light, drag one of the handles. Shift-drag to keep the angle constant and change only the size of the ellipse. Ctrl-drag (Windows) or Command-drag (Mac OS) to keep the size constant and change the angle or direction of the spotlight.
210 CHAPTER 9 Applying Filters and Effects To add a light: Using a Lighting Effects texture In the Lighting Effects dialog box, drag the light icon at the bottom of the dialog box into the preview area. Repeat as desired for a maximum of 16 lights. The Texture Channel control in the Lighting Effects dialog box lets you manipulate how light reflects off an image. You can create a texture effect based on the light and dark areas of the red, green, and blue color information in your image.
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213 Chapter 10: Using Type dobe Photoshop Elements lets you add type to images with flexibility and precision. You can create and edit type directly on-screen (instead of in a dialog box) and quickly change the font, style, size, and color of the type. A About type Type consists of mathematically defined shapes that describe the letters, numbers, and symbols of a typeface.
214 CHAPTER 10 Using Type To enter type: To create a type selection border: 1 Select the horizontal type tool ( ) or the vertical type tool ( ). 1 Select a layer in the Layers palette. For best results, create the type selection border on a normal image layer, not on a type layer. 2 Make sure that the Create a text layer button ( ) in the options bar is selected. 3 Click in the image to set an insertion point for the type. The small line through the I-beam marks the position of the type baseline.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 215 User Guide • Use fill shortcuts. To fill with the foreground color, press Alt+Backspace (Windows) or Option+Delete (Mac OS); to fill with the background color, press Ctrl+Backspace (Windows) or Command+Delete (Mac OS). 3 Position the insertion point in the text, and do one of the following: Note: After committing a type layer, clicking in the text area with the move tool ( ) will select the type layer.
216 CHAPTER 10 Using Type Specifying anti-aliasing Warping type layers Anti-aliasing lets you produce smooth-edged type by partially filling the edge pixels. As a result, the edges of the type blend into the background. Warping allows you to distort type to conform to a variety of shapes; for example, you can warp type in the shape of an arc or a wave. Warping applies to all characters on a type layer—you cannot warp individual characters.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 217 User Guide 5 If desired, specify values for additional warping options: • Bend to specify how much warp is applied to the layer. • Horizontal Distortion and Vertical Distortion to apply perspective to the warp. 6 Click OK. Formatting characters Photoshop Elements gives you precise control over individual characters in type layers, including font, size, and color.
218 CHAPTER 10 Using Type • To use the arrow keys to select characters, hold down Shift and press the Right Arrow or Left Arrow key. To use the arrow keys to select words, hold down Shift+Ctrl (Windows) or Shift+Command (Mac OS) and press the Right Arrow or Left Arrow key. Note: You cannot select a paragraph by quadrupleclicking in the text.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 219 User Guide Choosing a type size To specify the default unit of measurement for type: The type size determines how large the type appears in the image. The default unit of measurement for type is points, which is approximately 1/72 of an inch in a 72-ppi image. However, you can change the default unit of measurement in the Units & Rulers section of the Preferences dialog box. You can also choose which point size definition to use—PostScript or Traditional.
220 CHAPTER 10 Using Type To apply an underline or strikethrough: The options for vertical type are: 1 If you’re working with an existing layer, select one or more characters whose font you want to change. ( ) Aligns the top edge of each type line in the layer to the initial cursor position. 2 Click the Text Options button ( ) in the options bar. 3 Do one or both of the following: ( ) Aligns the center of each type line in the layer to the initial cursor position.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 221 User Guide Adjusting tsume Using tate-chuu-yoko Tsume reduces the space around a character by a specified percentage value. The character itself is not stretched or squeezed as a result. Instead, the space around the character is compressed. When tsume is added to a character, spacing around both sides of the character is reduced by an equal percentage. Tate-chuu-yoko (also called kumimoji and renmoji) is a block of horizontal type laid out within a vertical type line.
222 CHAPTER 10 Using Type Using mojikumi Mojikumi determines spacing between punctuation, symbols, numbers, and other character classes in Japanese type. When mojikumi is off, full-width spacing is applied to these characters. When mojikumi is on, half-width spacing is applied to these characters. Mojikumi on, and Mojikumi off To turn on or turn off mojikumi: 1 If you’re working with an existing layer, select the type layer in the Layers palette and then select a type tool.
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225 Chapter 11: Optimizing Images for the Web dobe Photoshop Elements lets you optimize the display and file size of your images for effective Web publishing results. In general, the file size of an image should be small enough to allow reasonable download times from a Web server but large enough to represent desired colors and details in the image.
226 CHAPTER 11 Optimizing Images for the Web Viewing images during optimization You use a dual image window to view both the original and optimized images in the Save For Web dialog box. This lets you compare the two images and determine which optimization settings work the best. If the entire image is not visible in the view area, you can use the hand tool to bring another area of the image into view. You can also use the zoom tool to magnify or reduce the view.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 227 User Guide • Standard Windows Color to view the image with color adjusted to simulate a standard Windows monitor. • Standard Macintosh Color to view the image with color adjusted to simulate a standard Macintosh monitor. • Photoshop Compensation to view the image with color adjusted as it appears in a Photoshop Elements document window, which is different from the Save For Web dialog box. No color profile information is applied to the display in Save For Web.
228 CHAPTER 11 Optimizing Images for the Web About JPEG format The JPEG format supports 24-bit color and preserves the broad range and subtle variations in brightness and hue found in photographs and other continuous-toned images. JPEG is supported by most browsers. JPEG compresses file size by selectively discarding data. Because it discards data, JPEG compression is referred to as lossy.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 229 User Guide background matting, in which you blend the edges of the image with a Web page background color. (See “Previewing and controlling dithering” on page 235.) matting, in which you blend the edges of the image with a Web page background color. (See “Previewing and controlling dithering” on page 235.) About PNG-8 format The PNG-8 format uses 8-bit color.
230 CHAPTER 11 Optimizing Images for the Web Optimizing images Optimization options appear on the right side of the Save For Web dialog box. You can choose a predefined setting for quick optimization, or select format-specific options to fine-tune the optimization to your image. Using predefined optimization settings The easiest way to optimize an image is to choose a predefined optimization setting. Predefined settings are tailored to meet the optimization needs of different types of images.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 231 User Guide 3 To create an enhanced JPEG with a slightly smaller file size, select Optimized. The Optimized JPEG format is recommended for maximum file compression; however, some older browsers do not support this feature. 4 Select Progressive to create an image that displays progressively in a Web browser. The image will display as a series of overlays, enabling viewers to see a low-resolution version of the image before it downloads completely.
232 CHAPTER 11 Optimizing Images for the Web 2 Choose a color reduction algorithm for generating the color lookup table: • Perceptual to create a custom color table by giving priority to colors for which the human eye has greater sensitivity. • Selective to create a color table similar to the Perceptual color table, but favoring broad areas of color and the preservation of Web colors. This color table usually produces images with the greatest color integrity. Selective is the default option.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 233 User Guide Setting optimization options for PNG-24 format PNG-24 format is suitable for compressing continuous-tone images. However, PNG-24 files are often much larger than JPEG files of the same image. PNG-24 format is recommended only when working with a continuous-tone image that includes multilevel transparency. (See “About PNG-24 format” on page 229.) To optimize an image in PNG-24 format: 1 Choose PNG-24 for the optimization format.
234 CHAPTER 11 Optimizing Images for the Web 3 Select Transparency. 4 For GIF and PNG-8 format, decide how you want to treat partially transparent pixels in the original image. You can blend partially transparent pixels with a matte color, or you can create hardedged transparency. (See “Creating background matting in GIF and PNG images” on page 234 and “Creating hard-edged transparency in GIF and PNG-8 images” on page 234.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 235 User Guide the optimized image. Use hard-edged transparency when you don’t know the background color of a Web page or when the Web page background is a pattern. However, keep in mind that hard-edged transparency can cause jagged edges in the image. appearance of background transparency in a JPEG. Fully transparent pixels are filled with the matte color, and partially transparent pixels are blended with the matte color.
236 CHAPTER 11 Optimizing Images for the Web the appearance of a third color. For example, a red color and a yellow color may dither in a mosaic pattern to produce the illusion of an orange color that does not appear in the color palette. When optimizing images, keep in mind that two kinds of dithering can occur: • Application dither occurs in GIF and PNG-8 images when Photoshop Elements attempts to simulate colors that appear in the original image but not in the color lookup table.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 237 User Guide but can also increase the file size. For optimal compression, use the lowest percentage of application dither that provides the color detail you require. Creating and applying custom dither patterns You can preview browser dither directly in Photoshop Elements or in a browser that uses an 8-bit color display (256-color mode). You can use the DitherBox™ filter to create a custom dither pattern for a selected RGB color.
238 CHAPTER 11 Optimizing Images for the Web 4 Choose one of the following from the color palette pop-up menu in the DitherBox dialog box: 7 To edit the custom dither pattern, do one of the following: • Web Safe Colors to create a dither pattern using colors from the Web palette. • To add a color to the dither pattern, click a color in the color palette. Then select the pencil tool ( ) in the DitherBox dialog box and click in the dither pattern grid to add the color.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 239 User Guide To edit dither pattern collections: To set up an animated GIF: Do one of the following in the DitherBox dialog box: 1 Place the image you want to appear in each frame of the animation on a separate layer. • (Windows) To rename a collection, select the collection from the Collection pop-up menu. Then select Rename from the Collection pop-up menu. Enter a new name for the collection, and click OK.
240 CHAPTER 11 Optimizing Images for the Web To preview an animation in the Save For Web dialog box: Do one of the following: • Click the Next Frame button ( ) to view the next frame in the animation. • Click the Previous Frame button ( ) to view the previous frame in the animation. • Click the Last Frame button ( ) to view the last frame in the animation. • Click the First Frame button ( first frame in the animation.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 241 User Guide 3 Select Save HTML File to generate an HTML file that contains code for displaying the optimized image on the Web. Deselect Save HTML File if you want to save only an image file. 4 Click Save. Creating Web photo galleries You use the Web Photo Gallery command to automatically generate a Web photo gallery from a set of images. A Web photo gallery is a Web site that features a home page with thumbnail images and gallery pages with full-size images.
242 CHAPTER 11 Optimizing Images for the Web 7 To set options for the home page, choose Gallery Thumbnails from the Options pop-up menu. Then do the following: • For Caption, select Use Filename to display the filename under each thumbnail. • Select Use File Info Caption to display caption text from the File Info dialog box under each thumbnail and on each gallery page. • For Font and Font Size, choose options for the thumbnail text.
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245 Chapter 12: Saving Images dobe Photoshop Elements supports a variety of file formats to suit a wide range of output needs. You can save or export your image to any of these formats. You can also use special Photoshop Elements features to add information to files, and set up multiple image layouts. A About file formats You can use various file formats to get images into and out of Photoshop Elements.
246 CHAPTER 12 Saving Images compress image data without removing detail; lossy techniques compress images by removing detail. The following are commonly used compression techniques: RLE Run Length Encoding is a lossless compression technique supported by Photoshop and some common Windows file formats. In images with multiple layers containing transparency, RLE compression will compress the transparent portions of each layer.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 247 User Guide 3 Select saving options, and click Save. With some image formats, a format-specific dialog box appears. (See “Saving images in specific formats” on page 247.) To set file saving options: Macintosh Thumbnail to display the preview in the Open dialog box, and Windows Thumbnail to save a preview that can display on Windows systems. Keep in mind that Windows thumbnails increase the size of files as delivered by Web servers.
248 CHAPTER 12 Saving Images When you’re finished developing an image, you can save it in an alternate format. The format you choose depends on how you plan to use the image. To save an image in one of the following formats, choose File > Save As, and choose the format from the Format pop-up menu. After you click Save, additional options may appear. 1 Choose File > Save As, and choose CompuServe GIF Format from the format list. BMP format 2 If necessary, deselect the Layers as Frames option.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 249 User Guide When the Save GIF dialog box appears, set optimization options as described in “Optimizing images” on page 230. If necessary, select Animate. Then set the animation options as described in“Creating animated GIFs” on page 239. 3 Click OK to save the file. 3 If the image contains transparency, select a Matte color to simulate the appearance of background transparency. (See “Making transparent and matted images” on page 233.
250 CHAPTER 12 Saving Images PCX format Photoshop EPS format PCX format is commonly used by IBM PCcompatible computers. Most PC software supports version 5 of PCX format. A standard VGA color palette is used with version 3 files, which do not support custom color palettes. PCX supports the RLE compression method. Images can have a bit depth of 1, 4, 8, or 24. You can use Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) format to share Photoshop files effectively with many graphic, illustration, and page-layout programs.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 251 User Guide 6 If you are saving to EPS format, select PostScript Color Management to instruct a PostScript printer to convert the file data to the printer’s color space. Do not select PostScript Color Management if you’re planning to place the image into another color-managed document. Doing so may disrupt color management in your page-layout application.
252 CHAPTER 12 Saving Images PNG format Developed as a patent-free alternative to GIF, Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format is used for lossless compression and for display of images on the World Wide Web. Unlike GIF, PNG supports 24-bit images and produces background transparency without jagged edges; however, some Web browsers do not support PNG images. PNG preserves transparency in grayscale and RGB images.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 253 User Guide TIFF format Tagged-Image File Format (TIFF) is used to exchange files between applications and computer platforms. TIFF is a flexible bitmap image format supported by virtually all paint, image-editing, and page-layout applications. Also, virtually all desktop scanners can produce TIFF images. 4 Select a compression method. (See “Understanding file compression” on page 245.
254 CHAPTER 12 Saving Images Adding file information In Windows, you can add file information to files saved in Photoshop, TIFF, JPEG, EPS, and PDF formats. In Mac OS, you can add file information to files in any format. Note: File information cannot be saved in GIF format, when converting a file from a different format. To enter information about a file: 1 Choose File > File Info. 2 For Section, choose an attribute. To move forward through the sections, click Next; to move backward, click Previous.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 255 User Guide • Windows Thumbnail to save a preview that can display on Windows systems. • Full Size to save a 72-ppi version of the file for use in applications that can only open lowresolution Photoshop Elements images. For nonEPS files, this is a PICT preview.
256 CHAPTER 12 Saving Images Using the Batch command You can automatically convert multiple images to the same file format, size, and resolution using the Batch command. This is especially useful when importing images from a digital camera or scanner, or when processing images for use on the Web. Note: If the plug-in module for your camera or scanner does not support importing multiple images, it may not work optimally during batch-processing. Contact the plug-in’s manufacturer for further information.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 257 User Guide Creating multiple-image layouts You can export multiple images automatically as contact sheets and picture packages using Automate commands. • Select Use Filename As Caption to label the thumbnails using their source image filenames. Use the menu to specify a caption font. 5 Click OK to create the contact sheet.
258 CHAPTER 12 Saving Images Customizing picture package layouts • The height of the document. You can customize existing layouts or create new layouts using a text-editing application. The layout options in the Picture Package dialog box are determined by text files that are stored in the Layouts folder (inside the Presets folder). Note: The width and height of the document should not exceed the printable area of the paper.
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261 Chapter 13: Printing etting up your image files for printing is easy using Adobe Photoshop Elements. You can adjust the positioning, scaling, and output options for your image. You can also use color management to help ensure a close match between on-screen and printed colors. S Printing images To print any type of image, you first select general printing options and then specify settings for a particular image type.
262 CHAPTER 13 Printing 4 Click OK to save the print options for the image, or click Print to print the image. Hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) and click Print One to print the image without displaying the Print dialog box. Positioning and scaling images You can adjust the position and scale of an image in the Print Preview dialog box and preview how the image will be printed on the selected paper.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 263 User Guide options aren’t visible by default in the Print Options dialog box; you must select Show More Options (located below the image preview area) in order to see them. Note: Depending on your printer and print drivers, output options may also appear in the Page Setup dialog box. The advantage of using the Print Preview dialog box to set output options is that you can preview the selected options prior to printing.
264 CHAPTER 13 Printing Some print spooler programs, computer networks, and third-party printer drivers don’t support files that are binary or JPEG-encoded, and some PostScript output devices accept binary and JPEG-encoded image data only through their AppleTalk and Ethernet ports, not their parallel or serial ports. In these situations, you can select the ASCII encoding method. However, ASCII files contain about twice as many characters and require about twice as much time to transfer as binary files.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 265 User Guide To color-manage an image while printing: Perceptual Known as the Image intent in Adobe 1 Choose File > Print Preview, or click the Print PageMaker and Illustrator 9, Perceptual aims to preserve the visual relationship between colors in a way that is perceived as natural to the human eye, although the color values themselves may change. This intent is most suitable for photographic images. Preview button ( ) in the shortcuts bar.
266 CHAPTER 13 Printing newsprint onto a sheet of bright white inkjet paper. The substrate of the bright white inkjet paper would be printed over with a dingy gray to simulate the actual newsprint appearance. Relative Colorimetric This intent is identical to Absolute Colorimetric except for the following difference: Relative Colorimetric compares the white point of the source color space to that of the destination color space and shifts all colors accordingly.
267 Index B background color A Absolute Colorimetric rendering intent 265 Angled Strokes filter 197 animated GIF files.
268 INDEX black and white points, scanning 52 New Brush command 143 Choose 23 options 145 chroma 68 black-and-white images, creating 96 pointer options 39 Chrome filter 202 presets 37 CJK type blending modes 147 bloat tool 125 Blur and Blur More filters 196 Blur filters 194, 196 See also individual names of filters Roundness option 146 composition options 222 selecting 139 showing options for 220 simulating strokes 149 tate-chuu-yoko 221 Spacing option 146 stylus pressure 149 blur tool 13
269 management 65 Color Table command 73 layers between images 171 profiles 65 color transitions, quality of 47 RGB mode 68 color values PostScript artwork from Clipboard 113 RGB model 68 clipping 95 specifying number of 232 specifying 78 See also background color color wheel 67 selections 110, 111 See also duplicating copyright information 31 about 79 correcting mistakes 32 adjusting automatically 86 color adjustments and 91 Craquelure filter 205 generalized adjustments 95 definition
270 INDEX D Dark Strokes filter 197 Darken mode 148 Define Brush command 144 Define Pattern command 161, 162 De-Interlace filter 205 delete anchor point tool 131 Delete Layer command 173 deleting dithering about 70, 73, 235 application dither, previewing and controlling 236 browser dither, previewing and minimizing 237 choosing a dithering algorithm 236 creating and applying custom dither patterns 237 E edge effects 193 editing blending modes 147 layers 177 See also copying, correcting mistakes, deleting
271 F Facet filter 201 filling Find Edges filter 204 layers 159 Fine Grain filter 195 selections 159 Finger Painting option 134 for brush strokes 140 with background color 160 Fit on Screen command 26 for eraser strokes 140 with foreground color 160 Fixed Size option 104 painting 149 with gradients 151 Flatten Image command 175 with patterns 155 flattening images 174–175 fade rate fastening point 105 feathering selections 109 Filmstrip format 248 Field of View option 131 filters Flip
272 INDEX G gamut 65 radial gradient tool 150 Hints palette 29 Randomize option 154 Histogram command 85 Gaussian Blur filter 196 reflected gradient tool 150 histograms GIF format saving and loading 155 about 84, 91 about 228, 248 tools 150 key type 84 Adaptive color table 232 transparency 153 Levels display of 89 animated GIFs 239 Grain filter 205 preferences 85 background matting 234 Graphic Pen filter 203 Custom color table 232 grayscale images Use Cache for Histograms preference
273 converting between color modes 69, 71 importing images L laser printers 48 copying layers between 171 digital camera with WIA support 53 copying selections between 111 from a digital camera 52 detection width 106 creating new 54 from a scanner 52 edge sensitivity 106 cropping 117 scanning with WIA support 53 displaying size of 48 WIA support 53 distorting 124 impressionist brush tool 142 duplicating 28 Indexed Color mode flattening 174–175 about 71 importing 52, 53 importing from P
274 INDEX saving 247 Crossing 209 locking layers 178 scaling 127 Crossing Down 209 lossless compression selecting 168 Default 209 CCITT 246 shape 156 Five Lights Down 209 GIF format 228 skewing 128 Five Lights Up 209 LZW 246 stroking 159 Flashlight 209 PNG-24 format 229 thumbnails 168 Flood Light 209 PNG-8 format 229 type 213 Parallel Directional 209 RLE 246 ungrouping 181 RGB Lights 209 viewing 168, 169 Soft Direct Lights 209 See also type layers ZIP 246 Soft Omni 209 lossy
275 midtones New View command 24 See also placing, importing adjusting 95, 136 Noise dither 236 OpenType fonts 213 adjusting with Levels 89 Noise filters 194, 199 Optimized option, for JPEG 231 Minimum and Maximum filter 206 See also individual names of filters optimizing images about 225 Mode commands 70 noise gradients, creating 154 file formats for 227 modes.
276 INDEX blending modes 147 using 22 Photo CD files 58 Color Burn mode 148 See also names of individual palettes Photocopy filter 203 Color Dodge mode 148 Photomerge command Color mode 148 pan camera tool 131 about 118 Darken mode 148 panoramas, creating 118 adjusting perspective 122 Difference mode 148 Paste Into command 110, 111 advanced blending 123 Dissolve mode 147 pasting cylindrical mapping 123 Exclusion mode 148 PostScript artwork 112 dialog box 120 fade rate 149 selections
277 display of 46 Web-safe color table 232 File Extension 255 maximum 48 See also PNG format Grid 28 new images and 54 PNG-24 format resampling and 49 about 229 History States 33 viewing 48 optimization settings for 233 Image Previews 254 preserving transparency 233 Keyboard Zoom Resizes Windows 26 Pixelate filters 194, 200 See also individual names of filters point type. See type pointers.
278 INDEX presets gradients 152 resizing and repositioning images 262 Redo command 33 reference point 126 patterns 162 profiles for JPEG optimization 231 reflected gradient tool 150 swatches 76 profiles. See color profiles reflection tool 125 pressure setting 149 Progressive option, for JPEG 231 registering software 1 preview PSD format.
279 resolution about 47 S sampling select image tool 121 selecting changing 49 from layers 178 contiguous pixels 107 displaying 48 image with clone stamp tool 132 layers 168 document size 50 saturation dpi 48 about 68 file size and 48 adjusting 92, 95, 136 monitor 47 Saturation mode 148 printer 48 pixels 103 type 217 unselected areas 108 selection borders Saturation rendering intent 265 anti-aliasing 108 Resolution option 132 Save As command 225, 246 closing 105 restoring images 33
280 INDEX softening edges of 108 stroking 159 Shear filter 199 defining undistorted areas 191 subtracting from 108 shift pixels tool 125 tools 103 shortcuts bar 21 See also floating selections Show Bounding Box option 215 Standard Macintosh Color display 227 Standard Windows Color display 227 status bar 30 straight-edged selection border 104 Selective color table 232 showing palettes 22 Send Backward command 169 Simplify layer command 173 Send to Back command 169 simplifying shape layers 158
281 text.
282 INDEX in EPS files 250 size 219 option for PNG-24 232, 233 strikethrough 219 option in Save for Web 234 tool options bar 213 preserving in optimized images 233 underlining 219 vector shapes.
283 Web documentation overview 3 Web Photo Gallery command 241 Web-safe color table 232 Wet Edges option 140 WIA support 53 importing with digital camera 53 scanning 53 Wind filter 205 Windows Color Picker 79 wire frame 130 wire frame.
Production Notes This book was created electronically using Adobe FrameMaker®. Art was produced using Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop. The Minion® and Myriad® families of typefaces are used throughout this book. Photography The following photographers and stock agencies have supplied the photographs and artwork seen throughout this book.
