® InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.
Limited Warranty Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty).
InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
Table of Contents SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 SECTION 2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SECTION 4 Unison Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.1.1 SMA Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.1.2 RJ-45 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 SECTION 5 RAU LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.4.5 Installing an Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing Dual Band RAU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing Cat-5 Extender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 6-15 6-17 6-19 6-20 6.
iv InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
List of Figures Figure 2-1 Unison Accel System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Figure 2-2 Three Methods for OA&M Communications Figure 2-3 Unison Accel’s Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 Figure 3-1 Accel Hub in a Unison System Figure 3-2 Accel Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 6-17 Cascading Line Sharing Switches Figure 6-18 Figure A-1 Figure A-2 Figure A-3 Figure A-4 vi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39 OA&M Connection using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub . . . . . . 6-40 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2 Standard Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram . . . . . . . .
List of Tables PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev. A Table 2-1 System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Table 2-2 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Table 2-3 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance Table 2-4 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Table 2-5 DCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
viii Table 5-16 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15 Table 5-17 Coaxial Cable Losses Table 5-18 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials Table 5-19 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments Table 5-20 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) Table 5-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 8-9 Table A-1 Table A-2 Table A-3 Table D-1 PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev. A Summary of Cat-5/6 Cable Wiring Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13 Cat-5/6 Twisted Pair Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . A-4 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . A-5 Unison Accel Release 5 Line-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
x InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
SECTION 1 General Information This section contains the following subsections: • Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 • Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 • Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 • Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 • Section 1.
1.1 Purpose and Scope This document describes the InterReach Unison Accel system. • Section 2 InterReach Unison Accel System Description An overview of the Unison Accel hardware and OA&M capabilities is provided in this section. This section also contains system specifications and RF end-to-end performance tables. • Section 3 Accel Hub The Main Hub is illustrated and described in this section.
• Appendix B InterReach Unison Accel Property Sheet This section contains a form that you can use during installation to record serial numbers, gain settings, system band, RAU attenuation, and unit installation location. This information is required for the final As-Built documentation. • Appendix C Compliance Safety and Radio/EMC approvals are listed in this section. • Appendix D Release Notes A hardware/firmware/software compatibility table is provided in this section.
1.2 Conventions in this Manual The following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual. Convention Description bold Used for emphasis BOLD CAPS Labels on equipment SMALL CAPS AdminManager window buttons Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example: 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F) The following symbols are used to highlight certain information as described.
1.3 PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
Acronym 1-6 Definition PLL phase-locked loop PLS path loss slope RAU Remote Access Unit RF radio frequency RSSI received signal strength indicator SMA sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) ScTP screened twisted pair TDMA time division multiple access UL uplink; Underwriters Laboratories uW microwatts UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UPS uninterruptable power supply W watt WCDMA wideband code division multiple access InterReach Unison Accel Ins
1.4 Standards Conformance • Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation. • See Appendix C for compliance information. 1.5 Related Publications • AdminManager User Manual, LGC Wireless part number 8810-10 PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
1-8 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
SECTION 2 InterReach Unison Accel System Description InterReach Unison Accel is a wireless networking system that is designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications over licensed frequencies.
Key System Features • Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure. • High downlink composite power and low uplink noise figure enables support of a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna. • Software configurable Hub. Thus, the frequency band can be configured in the field. • Standard Cat-5 or Cat-6 (Cat-5/6) screened twisted pair (ScTP) cabling.
2.
2.2 System OA&M Capabilities Overview InterReach Unison Accel is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware which enables much of the operations, administration, and maintenance (OA&M) functionality. Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (i.e., Hub and Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events occurring in a system, defined as an Accel Hub and all of its associated Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Hub.
2.2.1 System Monitoring and Reporting Each Accel Hub in the system constantly monitors itself and its downstream RAUs for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of this monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results. When a Hub detects a change in status, a fault or warning is reported.
2.3 System Connectivity The system uses standard Cat-5/6 ScTP. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, as easy as pulling a twisted pair cable. Figure 2-3 Unison Accel’s Architecture InterReach Unison Accel Cat-5/6 RAU Cat-5/6 Cat-5/6 RAU RAU up to 8 RAUs per Hub 2-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
2.4 System Operation • Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices) The Accel Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station via coaxial cable. Accel Hub The Hub converts the RF signals to IF signals and sends them to RAUs (up to 8) via Cat-5/6 ScTP cable. RAU The RAU converts the IF signals to RF and sends them to passive antennas via coaxial cable. • Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station) RAU Accel Hub The Accel Hub sends uplink RF signals to a base station via coaxial cable.
2.5 System Specifications 2.5.
2.5.3 Operating Frequencies RF Passband (MHz) PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev. A Freq. Band Unison Band PCS Description Downlink Uplink PCS6 Bands A,D,B (35 MHz) 1930–1965 1850–1885 PCS PCS7 Bands D,B,E,F (30 MHz) 1945–1975 1865–1895 PCS PCS8 Bands E,F,C (25 MHz) 1965–1990 1885–1910 DCS DCS1 DCS1 Band 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5 DCS DCS2 DCS2 Band 1842.5–1880 1747.
2.5.4 RF End-to-End Performance The following tables list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol. NOTE: The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step. Cellular 800 MHz Table 2-2 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance Typical Parameter Downlink Uplink 15 15 Ripple with 75 m Cat-5 (dB) 3 3.
DCS 1800 MHz Table 2-5 DCS RF End-to-End Performance Typical Parameter Downlink Uplink Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15 Downlink ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) 2 Uplink ripple for center 35 MHz of DCS1 and DCS2, Full band for DCS4 with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) 2 Uplink gain roll off for Full band of DCS1 and DCS2 with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) 2 Output IP3 (dBm) 38 Input IP3 (dBm) –12 Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26 Noise Figure 1 Hub-8 RAUs (dB) 17 PCS 1900 MHz Table 2-
2-12 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
SECTION 3 Accel Hub The Accel Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system to up to eight Remote Access Units. The Hub also combines uplink signals from the RAUs. Figure 3-1 Accel Hub in a Unison System Downlink Path: The Accel Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF and sends them to up to eight RAUs via Cat-5/6 cable.
3.1 Accel Hub Front Panel Figure 3-3 1 Accel Hub Front Panel 2 3 PORT 1 LINK RAU PORT 2 LINK RAU 2 PORT 3 LINK RAU PORT 4 LINK RAU PORT 5 LINK RAU PORT 6 LINK RAU PORT 7 LINK RAU PORT 8 LINK RAU POWER STATUS InterReach Unison Accel POWER RS-232 5 4 1. Eight standard Cat-5/6 ScTP cable RJ-45 connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) 2.
3.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors The eight RJ-45 connectors on the Hub are for the Cat-5/6 ScTP cables that are used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable. NOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/6 ScTP (screened twisted pair) cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors. The Cat-5/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal.
3.1.3 Hub LED Indicators The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate faults and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager. Upon power up, the Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps.
Port LEDs The Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports. The port LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-2. These LEDs can be: off steady green steady red Table 3-2 PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
3.2 Accel Hub Rear Panel Figure 3-4 1 2 Accel Hub Rear Panel 3 1. AC power cord connector 2. Three air exhaust vents 3. Two N-type, female connectors: 4 • Downlink (labeled DOWNLINK) • Uplink (labeled UPLINK) 4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact closure monitoring (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) Are the back panel items labeled? 3-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
3.2.1 3.2.1.1 Accel Hub Rear Panel Connectors 9-pin D-sub Connector The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contact closure for major and minor error system alarm monitoring. The following table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector.
3.3 Faults and Warnings The Accel Hub monitors and reports changes in system performance to: • Ensure that its amplifiers and IF/RF path are functioning properly. • Ensure that Remote Access Units are connected and functioning properly. The Accel Hub periodically queries attached Remote Access Units for their status. Both faults and warnings are reported to a connected PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.
3.4 Accel Hub Specifications Table 3-3 Accel Hub Specifications Specification Description Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D): 133.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (5.25 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.) Weight < 8 kg (< 17.
3-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
Unison Remote Access Unit SECTION 4 The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Accel Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable, which delivers RF signals, configuration information, and electrical power to the RAU. An RAU passes RF signals between an Accel Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices.
Figure 4-2 4-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
The Unison RAUs are manufactured to a specific band or set of bands (i.e., there is one PCS RAU which can be used for A/D, B/E, E/F, B/D, or F/C). Table 4-1 lists the six Unison RAUs, the Unison Band, and the frequency band(s) they cover. Table 4-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs RF Passband Unison RAU Unison Band Downlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz) Cellular Cellular 869–894 824–849 DCS DCS1 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5 DCS2 1842.5–1880 1747.
4.2 RAU LED Indicators Upon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly. NOTE: Refer to Section 8 for troubleshooting using the LEDs. Status LEDs The RAU status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-2. These LEDs can be: off steady green steady red There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
4.3 Faults and Warnings Both fault and warning conditions are reported to the Accel Hub where they are stored. Only faults are indicated by LEDs. For more information, see: • page 8-6 for RAU faults. • page 8-7 for RAU warnings. • page 8-9 for RAU status messages. 4.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications Table 4-3 Remote Access Unit Specifications Specification Description Dimensions (H × W × D) 44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm (1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.
4.5 RAUs in a Dual Band System A Dual-Band Diplexer can be used to combine the output from two RAUs, one that is below 1 GHz and one that is above 1 GHz, for output to a single passive antenna.. 3 ft. coaxial cable Unison RAU Cat-5/6 from Accel Hub Dual Band Diplexer Antenna 3 ft. coaxial cable Unison RAU Cat-5/6 from Accel Hub Refer to the Dual Band Diplexer specifications (PN 8000-54) for technical information.
SECTION 5 Designing a Unison Accel Solution Designing a Unison Accel solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps: 1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements. This information is usually determined by the service provider: • Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz) • Band (i.e., “A” band in the Cellular spectrum) • Protocol (i.e.
• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are selecting antenna locations. • If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.) • Determine type of environment – Open layout (e.g., a convention center) – Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital) – Mixed use (e.g., an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles) 4.
5.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps.
800 MHz AMPS Table 5-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) 5-4 No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 27.0 27.0 2 21.0 21.0 3 17.5 17.5 4 14.5 14.5 5 13.0 13.0 6 11.5 11.5 7 10.5 10.5 8 9.5 9.5 9 9.0 9.0 10 8.0 8.0 11 8.0 8.0 12 7.5 7.5 13 7.0 7.0 14 6.5 6.5 15 6.5 6.5 16 6.0 6.0 20 5.0 5.0 30 3.0 3.0 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
800 MHz TDMA Table 5-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev. A No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 24.0 24.0 2 19.0 19.0 3 16.0 16.0 4 14.0 14.0 5 12.5 12.5 6 11.5 11.5 7 10.5 10.5 8 9.5 9.5 9 9.0 9.0 10 8.5 8.5 11 8.0 8.0 12 7.5 7.5 13 7.5 7.5 14 7.0 7.0 15 6.5 6.5 16 6.5 6.5 20 5.5 5.5 30 3.5 3.5 Help Hot Line (U.S.
800 MHz CDMA Table 5-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 17.0 17.0 2 14.0 14.0 3 12.0 12.0 4 11.0 11.0 5 10.0 10.0 6 9.0 9.0 7 8.5 8.5 8 8.0 8.0 800 MHz iDEN Table 5-4 iDEN 800 MHz iDEN/SMR Power per Carrier Analog FM Power per Carrier (dBm) CQPSK/C4FM Power per Carrier (dBm) Motient Data TAC Power per Carrier (dBm) Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF No.
900 MHz GSM or EGSM Table 5-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev. A No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 16.0 16.0 2 13.0 12.0 3 11.0 10.0 4 10.0 9.0 5 9.0 8.0 6 8.0 7.0 7 7.5 6.5 8 7.0 6.0 9 6.5 5.5 10 6.0 5.5 11 5.5 5.0 12 5.0 4.5 13 5.0 4.5 14 4.5 4.0 15 4.0 4.0 16 4.0 3.5 Help Hot Line (U.S.
900 MHz EDGE Table 5-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) 5-8 No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 16.0 16.0 2 13.0 12.0 3 11.0 10.0 4 10.0 9.0 5 9.0 8.0 6 8.0 7.0 7 7.5 6.5 8 7.0 6.0 9 6.5 5.5 10 6.0 5.5 11 5.5 5.0 12 5.0 4.5 13 5.0 4.5 14 4.5 4.0 15 4.0 4.0 16 4.0 3.5 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
1800 MHz DCS Table 5-7 1800 MHz (DCS) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev. A No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 17.5 17.5 2 14.5 14.0 3 12.5 12.0 4 11.5 11.0 5 10.5 10.0 6 9.5 9.0 7 9.0 8.5 8 8.5 8.0 9 8.0 7.5 10 7.5 7.5 11 7.0 7.0 12 6.5 6.5 13 6.5 6.5 14 6.0 6.0 15 5.5 5.5 16 5.5 5.5 Help Hot Line (U.S.
1800 MHz EDGE Table 5-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) 5-10 No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 17.5 17.5 2 14.5 14.0 3 12.5 12.0 4 11.5 11.0 5 10.5 10.0 6 9.5 9.0 7 9.0 8.5 8 8.0 8.0 9 7.5 7.5 10 7.0 7.0 11 6.5 6.5 12 6.0 6.0 13 6.0 6.0 14 5.5 5.5 15 5.0 5.0 16 5.0 5.0 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
1900 MHz TDMA Table 5-9 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev. A No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 23.0 23.0 2 18.0 18.0 3 15.0 15.0 4 13.0 13.0 5 11.5 11.5 6 10.5 10.5 7 9.5 9.5 8 8.5 8.5 9 8.0 8.0 10 7.5 7.5 11 7.0 7.0 12 6.5 6.5 13 6.5 6.5 14 6.0 6.0 15 5.5 5.5 16 5.5 5.5 20 4.5 4.5 30 2.5 2.5 Help Hot Line (U.S.
1900 MHz GSM Table 5-10 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 26.0 26.0 2 15.5 14.0 3 13.5 12.0 4 12.0 11.0 5 11.0 10.0 6 10.5 9.0 7 10.0 8.5 8 9.0 8.0 9 8.5 7.5 10 8.0 7.5 11 7.5 7.0 12 7.0 6.5 13 6.5 6.5 14 6.5 6.0 15 6.0 6.0 16 5.5 5.5 1900 MHz CDMA Table 5-11 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) 5-12 No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 16.0 16.0 2 13.0 13.0 3 11.
1900 MHz EDGE Table 5-12 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 23.0 23.0 2 15.5 14.0 3 13.5 12.0 4 12.0 11.0 5 10.5 10.0 6 9.5 9.0 7 9.0 8.5 8 8.0 8.0 9 7.5 7.5 10 7.0 7.0 11 6.5 6.5 12 6.0 6.0 13 6.0 6.0 14 5.5 5.5 15 5.0 5.0 16 5.0 5.0 2.1 GHz UMTS Table 5-13 2.1 GHz (UMTS) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 15.0 15.0 2 11.0 11.0 3 8.0 8.
Paging/SMR Table 5-14 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Analog FM, CQPSK, C4FM Analog FM CQPSK Power per Carrier (dBm) C4FM Power per Carrier (dBm) Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 26.0 26.0 1 22.0 22.0 1 26.0 26.0 2 19.5 19.5 2 17.0 17.0 2 19.5 19.5 3 16.5 16.5 3 14.5 14.5 3 16.0 16.0 4 13.5 13.5 4 12.5 12.5 4 13.5 13.5 5 12.0 12.0 5 11.0 11.0 5 11.5 11.
800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Dual Band Table 5-16 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier Recommended Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU (dBm) 800 MHz Cellular TDMA AMPS 1900 MHz PCS CDMA TDMA GSM CDMA No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 23.0 23.0 26.0 26.0 16.0 16.0 21.5 21.5 24.5 24.5 14.5 14.5 2 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 13.0 13.0 16.5 16.5 14.0 12.5 11.5 11.
Allowing for Future Capacity Growth Sometimes a Unison deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deployment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario: 5-16 1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers. 2. Design the initial coverage for two carriers but leave RAU ports on the Hubs unused.
5.2 Estimating RF Coverage The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.
5.2.1 Path Loss Equation Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2): PL = 20log(4πd0f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + Χs (2) where: • PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device). • d is the distance expressed in meters • d0 is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space. • f is the operating frequency in hertz.
5.2.2 Coverage Distance Equations (1) and (2), on pages 5-17 and 5-18, respectively, can be used to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device. Equation (2) can be simplified to: PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d) (3) where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment. Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of PLS will vary depending on the frequency.
Table 5-20 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (i.e., (20log(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands. Table 5-20 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) Band (MHz) 5-20 Uplink Downlink Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 800 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1 800 MHz iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9 20log(4πf/c) 900 MHz GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8 900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.7 1800 MHz DCS 1710–1785 1805–1880 1795 37.
For reference, Tables 5-21 through 5-27 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments.
Table 5-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 70 231 Moderately Open Environment 60 197 Mildly Dense Environment 53 174 Moderately Dense Environment 45 149 Dense Environment 38 125 Table 5-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 75 246 Moderately Open Environment 58 191 Mildly Dense Envir
Table 5-27 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 72 236 Moderately Open Environment 56 183 Mildly Dense Environment 49 160 Moderately Dense Environment 40 132 Dense Environment 29 96 Table 5-28 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility PN 9000-10 620021-0 Rev.
5.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates Example Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application 1. Design goals: • Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band) • TDMA provider • 12 TDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 5.
Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor. a. 2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUs b. 16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubs c.
Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application 1. Design goals: • PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 1900 MHz PCS band) • CDMA provider • 8 CDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 5.
6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 4 antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor. a. 4 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 64 RAUs b. 64 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 8 Expansion Hubs c.
5.3 System Gain The system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and the uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently decreased by 10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole. 5.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length The recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 10 meters (33 ft) and the recommended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft).
5.4 Link Budget Analysis A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal. One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in Section 5.1.
5.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in a Unison design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage distance.
