® InterReach Unison TM Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.
Limited Warranty Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty).
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
Table of Contents SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 SECTION 2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.1.3 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SECTION 7 Installing Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 7.1 Installation Requirements 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 Component Location Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable and Connector Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multiple Operator System Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.
SECTION 9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 9.1 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 9.2 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2 9.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3 9.3.1 Troubleshooting using AdminManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4 9.3.
List of Figures Figure 2-1 Unison System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Figure 2-2 OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Figure 2-3 Local System Monitoring and Reporting Figure 2-4 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting Figure 2-5 Unison’s Double Star Architecture Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 . . .
Figure 7-11 Alarm Sense Adapter Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47 Figure 7-12 OA&M Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48 Figure 7-13 OA&M Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49 Figure 7-14 OA&M Connection using a 232 Port Expander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Tables PN8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B Table 2-1 AdminManager and OpsConsole Functional Differences . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Table 2-2 AdminManager and OpsConsole Connectivity Differences Table 2-3 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance Table 2-4 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance Table 2-5 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance Table 2-6 DCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15 Table 2-7 PCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
viii Table 6-12 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12 Table 6-13 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13 Table 6-14 2.1 GHz (UMTS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13 Table 6-15 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Analog FM, CQPSK, C4FM Table 6-16 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Mobitex, POCSAG/Reflex . . . . . .
PN8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B Table 9-4 Main Hub Warnings Table 9-5 Expansion Hub Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11 Table 9-6 Remote Access Unit Warnings Table 9-7 Main Hub Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
x InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
SECTION 1 General Information This section contains the following subsections: • Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 • Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 • Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 • Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 • Section 1.
1.1 Purpose and Scope This document describes the InterReachTM Unison system components. • Section 2 InterReach™ Unison System Description An overview of the Unison hardware and OA&M capabilities is provided in this section. This section also contains system specifications and RF end-to-end performance tables. • Section 3 Unison Main Hub The Main Hub is illustrated and described in this section.
• Appendix B InterReach Unison Property Sheet This section contains a form that you can use during installation to record serial numbers, gain settings, system band, RAU attenuation, and unit installation location. This information is required for the final As-Built documentation. • Appendix C Compliance Safety and Radio/EMC approvals are listed in this section. • Appendix D Release Notes A hardware/firmware/software compatibility table is provided in this section.
1.2 Conventions in this Manual The following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual. Convention Description bold Used for emphasis BOLD CAPS Labels on equipment SMALL CAPS AdminManager window buttons Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example: 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F) The following symbols are used to highlight certain information as described.
1.3 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
Acronym 1-6 Definition OA&M operation, administration, and maintenance PCS Personal Communication Services PLL phase-locked loop PLS path loss slope RAU Remote Access Unit RF radio frequency RSSI received signal strength indicator SC/APC fiber optic connector complying with NTT SC standard, angle-polished SMA sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) SMF single-mode fiber ST straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type) ScTP screened twisted pair TDMA time divisi
1.4 Standards Conformance • Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation. • See Appendix C for compliance information. 1.5 Related Publications • AdminManager User Manual, LGC Wireless part number 8810-10 • OpsConsole User Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8800-10 • MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8500-10 • LGCell Version 4.
1-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
SECTION 2 InterReach™ Unison System Description InterReach™ Unison is an intelligent fiber optic/Cat-5/6 wireless networking system that is designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications and provide high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access to the wireless network in any public or private facility, including: • Campus environments • Airports • Office buildings • Shopping malls • Hospitals • Subways • Public facilities (convention centers, sports venues, etc.
Key System Features • Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure. • High downlink composite power and low uplink noise figure enables support of a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna. • Software configurable Main and Expansion Hubs. Thus, the frequency band can be configured in the field.
2.
2.2 System OA&M Capabilities The InterReach Unison is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware which enables much of the OA&M functionality. Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (i.e., Main Hub, Expansion Hub, Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events occurring in a system, defined as a Main Hub and all of its associated Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Main Hub.
LGC Wireless offers two OA&M packages AdminManager and OpsConsole. • The AdminManager software is provided with Unison. It runs on a PC/laptop and communicates with one Main Hub, and its downstream units, at a time.
Connectivity differences between AdminManager and OpsConsole are listed in the following table.
2.2.1 2.2.1.1 OA&M Software Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison Locally Each Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and RAU in the system constantly monitors itself and its downstream units for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of this monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results. The Expansion Hubs monitor their RAUs and store their status in memory. The Main Hub monitors its Expansion Hubs and stores their status and the status of the RAUs in its memory.
2.2.1.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely • Using AdminManager Remotely You can use AdminManager to query Unison status via a read-only Configuration & Maintenance panel. You cannot change system parameters or configure system components remotely with AdminManager. (Refer to Figure 2-2 on page 2-4.
2.2.2 Using Alarm Contact Closures The DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Main Hub can be connected to a local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Unison, LGCell, and/or MetroReach Focus systems. • When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and MetroReach Focus or the BTS is the input (alarm sense). This is described in Section 7.7.1 on page 7-42.
2.3 System Connectivity The double star architecture of the Unison system, illustrated in the following figure, provides excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of fibers for 8 antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra twisted pair.
2.4 System Operation • Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices) The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station via coaxial cable. Main Hub The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then to optical signals and sends them to Expansion Hubs (up to four) via optical fiber cable. Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub converts the optical signals to electrical signals and sends them to RAUs (up to eight) via Cat-5/6 ScTP cable.
2.5 System Specifications 2.5.
2.5.2 InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power The following table shows wavelength and laser power according to UL testing per IEC 60 825-1. Measured Output Power 2.5.3 Wavelength Main Hub Expansion Hub 1310 nm ±20 nm 458 uW 1.
2.5.5 RF End-to-End Performance The following tables list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol when using 2 km of single-mode fiber or 1 km of multi-mode fiber. Cellular 800 MHz Table 2-3 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance Parameter Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)* Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Output IP3 2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF Typical Typical Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 3 dB 3.5 dB 3 dB 3.
GSM/EGSM 900 MHz Table 2-5 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance Parameter 2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF Typical Typical Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)* 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB 4 dB 3 dB 4 dB Output IP3 38 dBm 38 dBm Input IP3 –7 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm –10 dBm 26 dBm Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAU configuration 16 dB 16 dB Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EH – 32 RAU configuration 22 dB 2
PCS 1900 MHz Table 2-7 PCS RF End-to-End Performance Parameter 2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF Typical Typical Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)* 15 dB Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 2.5 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 3 dB 2.5 dB 3 dB Output IP3 38 dBm 36.
SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub The Main Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system to up to four Expansion Hubs, which in turn distribute the signals to up to 32 Remote Access Units. The Main Hub also combines uplink signals from the associated Expansion Hubs. Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System Downlink Path: The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable.
3.1 Main Hub Front Panel Figure 3-3 1 Main Hub Front Panel 2 3 1. 4 Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4) • One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled UPLINK) • One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output (labeled DOWNLINK) 2. Four sets of fiber port LEDs (one set per port) • One LED per port for port link status (labeled LINK) • One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled E-HUB/RAU) 3.
3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports The optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hubs using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per Expansion Hub. Each fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors: • Optical Fiber Uplink Connector This connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to receive the uplink optical signals from an Expansion Hub.
3.1.3 LED Indicators The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate faults and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager. Upon power up, a Main Hub that has a band programmed into it goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps.
Unit Status LEDs The Main Hub status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-1. These LEDs can be: steady green steady red blinking green/red (alternating green/red) There is no off state when the unit’s power is on. Table 3-1 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
Port LEDs The Main Hub has one pair of fiber port LEDs for each of the four fiber optic ports. The LED pairs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-2. These LEDs can be: off steady green steady red blinking green/red (alternating green/red) The port LEDs indicate the status of the Expansion Hub and RAUs; however, they do not indicate which particular unit has a fault (i.e., the Expansion Hub vs. one of its RAUs).
3.2 Main Hub Rear Panel Figure 3-4 1 2 Main Hub Rear Panel 3 4 5 1. Power on/off switch 2. AC power cord connector 3. Fan exhaust vent 4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact closure monitoring (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) 5. Two N-type, female connectors: • Downlink (labeled DOWNLINK) • Uplink (labeled UPLINK) PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B Help Hot Line (U.S.
3.2.1 3.2.1.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors 9-pin D-sub Connector The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contact closure for major and minor error system alarm monitoring. The following table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector.
3.3 Faults and Warnings The Main Hub monitors and reports changes in system performance to: • Ensure that the fiber receivers, amplifiers, and IF/RF path in the Main Hub are functioning properly. • Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and functioning properly. The Main Hub periodically queries attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for their status.
3.4 Main Hub Specifications Table 3-3 Main Hub Specifications Specification Description Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D): 44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.) Weight < 3 kg (< 6.
SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub interfaces between the Main Hub and the Remote Access Unit(s) by converting optical signals to electrical signals and vice versa. It also supplies control signals and DC power to operate the Remote Access Unit(s) as well as passes status information from the RAUs to the Main Hub. Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System Downlink Path: The Expansion Hub receives downlink optical signals from the Main Hub via fiber optic cable.
4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel Figure 4-3 1 Expansion Hub Front Panel 2 34 5 1. Eight standard Cat-5/6 ScTP cable RJ-45 connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) 2. Eight sets of RJ-45 port LEDs (one set per port) • One LED per port for link status (labeled LINK) • One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled RAU) 3. One set of unit status LEDs • One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER) • One LED for unit status (labeled E-HUB STATUS) 4.
4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors The eight RJ-45 connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the Cat-5/6 ScTP cables that are used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable. NOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/6 ScTP (screened twisted pair) cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors. The Cat-5/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal.
Unit Status and DL/UL Status LEDs The Expansion Hub unit status and DL/UL status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-1. These LEDs can be: steady green steady red There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
Port LEDs The Expansion Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports. The port LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-2. These LEDs can be: off steady green steady red Table 4-2 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel Figure 4-4 1 4-6 2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel 3 1. Power on/off switch 2. AC power cord connector 3. Three air exhaust vents InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
4.3 Faults and Warnings Both fault and warning conditions of the Expansion Hub and attached RAUs are reported to the Main Hub. Only faults are indicated by LEDs. For more information, see: • page 9-7 for Expansion Hub faults. • page 9-11 for Expansion Hub warnings. • page 9-13 for Expansion Hub status messages. • page 9-18 for troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B Help Hot Line (U.S.
4.4 Expansion Hub Specifications Table 4-3 Expansion Hub Specifications Specification Description Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D) 89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.
Unison Remote Access Unit SECTION 5 The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expansion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable, which delivers RF signals, configuration information, and electrical power to the RAU. An RAU passes RF signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices.
Figure 5-2 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
The Unison RAUs are manufactured to a specific band or set of bands (i.e., there is one PCS RAU which can be used for A/D, B/E, E/F, B/D, or F/C). Table 5-1 lists the six Unison RAUs, the Unison Band, and the frequency band(s) they cover. Table 5-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs RF Passband Unison RAU Unison Band Downlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz) Cellular Cellular 869–894 824–849 DCS DCS1 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5 DCS2 1842.5–1880 1747.
5.2 LED Indicators Upon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly. NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs. Status LEDs The RAU status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 5-2. These LEDs can be: off steady green steady red There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
5.3 Faults and Warnings Both fault and warning conditions are reported to the Expansion Hub where they are stored until the Main Hub queries system status. Only faults are indicated by LEDs. For more information, see: • page 9-10 for RAU faults. • page 9-11 for RAU warnings. • page 9-14 for RAU status messages. 5.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications Table 5-3 Remote Access Unit Specifications Specification Description Dimensions (H × W × D) 44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm (1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.
5-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
SECTION 6 Designing a Unison Solution Designing a Unison solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps: 1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements. This information is usually determined by the service provider: • Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz) • Band (i.e., “A” band in the Cellular spectrum) • Protocol (i.e.
• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are selecting antenna locations. • If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.) • Determine type of environment – Open layout (e.g., a convention center) – Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital) – Mixed use (e.g., an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles) 4.
6.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps.
800 MHz AMPS Table 6-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) 6-4 No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.0 6 10.0 10.0 7 10.0 10.0 8 9.5 9.5 9 9.0 9.0 10 8.0 8.0 11 8.0 8.0 12 7.5 7.5 13 7.0 7.0 14 6.5 6.5 15 6.5 6.5 16 6.0 6.0 20 5.0 5.0 30 3.0 3.0 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
800 MHz TDMA Table 6-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.0 6 10.0 10.0 7 10.0 10.0 8 9.5 9.5 9 9.0 9.0 10 8.5 8.5 11 8.0 8.0 12 7.5 7.5 13 7.5 7.5 14 7.0 7.0 15 6.5 6.5 16 6.5 6.5 20 5.5 5.5 30 3.5 3.5 Help Hot Line (U.S.
800 MHz CDMA Table 6-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 16.0 16.0 2 14.0 14.0 3 12.0 12.0 4 11.0 11.0 5 10.0 10.0 6 9.0 9.0 7 8.5 8.5 8 8.0 8.0 800 MHz iDEN Table 6-4 800 MHz (iDEN) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) 6-6 No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 9.0 9.0 6 8.0 8.0 7 7.0 7.0 8 6.5 6.5 9 6.0 6.0 10 5.5 5.5 11 5.0 5.
900 MHz GSM or EGSM Table 6-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 9.5 4 10.0 8.0 5 9.0 7.0 6 8.5 6.5 7 8.0 6.0 8 7.5 5.5 9 7.0 5.0 10 6.5 4.5 11 6.5 4.5 12 6.0 4.0 13 5.5 3.5 14 5.5 3.5 15 5.0 3.0 16 5.0 3.0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
900 MHz EDGE Table 6-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) 6-8 No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 9.0 5 9.0 8.0 6 8.5 7.0 7 8.0 6.5 8 7.5 6.0 9 7.0 5.5 10 6.5 5.5 11 6.5 5.0 12 6.0 4.5 13 5.5 4.5 14 5.5 4.0 15 5.0 4.0 16 5.0 3.5 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
1800 MHz DCS Table 6-7 1800 MHz (DCS) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 9.0 6 10.0 8.5 7 10.0 8.0 8 9.0 7.5 9 8.5 7.0 10 8.0 6.5 11 7.5 6.5 12 7.0 6.0 13 6.5 5.5 14 6.5 5.5 15 6.0 5.0 16 5.5 5.0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
1800 MHz EDGE Table 6-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.0 6 9.5 9.0 7 9.0 8.5 8 8.0 8.0 9 7.5 7.5 10 7.0 7.0 11 6.5 6.5 12 6.0 6.0 13 6.0 6.0 14 5.5 5.5 15 5.0 5.0 16 5.0 5.0 1800 MHz CDMA Korea Table 6-9 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) 6-10 No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 16.0 16.0 2 13.0 13.
1900 MHz TDMA Table 6-10 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.0 6 10.0 10.0 7 9.5 9.5 8 8.5 8.5 9 8.0 8.0 10 7.5 7.5 11 7.0 7.0 12 6.5 6.5 13 6.5 6.5 14 6.0 6.0 15 5.5 5.5 16 5.5 5.5 20 4.5 4.5 30 2.5 2.5 Help Hot Line (U.S.
1900 MHz GSM Table 6-11 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 9.0 6 10.0 8.5 7 10.0 8.0 8 9.0 7.5 9 8.5 7.0 10 8.0 6.5 11 7.5 6.5 12 7.0 6.0 13 6.5 5.5 14 6.5 5.5 15 6.0 5.0 16 5.5 5.0 1900 MHz CDMA Table 6-12 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) 6-12 No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 16.0 16.0 2 13.0 13.0 3 11.
1900 MHz EDGE Table 6-13 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.0 6 9.5 9.0 7 9.0 8.5 8 8.0 8.0 9 7.5 7.5 10 7.0 7.0 11 6.5 6.5 12 6.0 6.0 13 6.0 6.0 14 5.5 5.5 15 5.0 5.0 16 5.0 5.0 2.1 GHz UMTS Table 6-14 2.1 GHz (UMTS) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 15.0 15.0 2 11.0 11.0 3 8.0 8.
Paging/SMR . Table 6-15 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Analog FM, CQPSK, C4FM Analog FM CQPSK Power per Carrier (dBm) C4FM Power per Carrier (dBm) Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF No. of Carriers 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 1 10.0 10.0 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.
Allowing for Future Capacity Growth Sometimes a Unison deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deployment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario: PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B 1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers. 2.
6.2 Estimating RF Coverage The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.
6.2.1 Path Loss Equation Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2): PL = 20log(4πd0f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + Χs (2) where: • PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device). • d is the distance expressed in meters • d0 is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space. • f is the operating frequency in hertz.
6.2.2 Coverage Distance Equations (1) and (2), on pages 6-16 and 6-17, respectively, can be used to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device. Equation (2) can be simplified to: PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d) (3) where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment. Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of PLS will vary depending on the frequency.
Table 6-20 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (i.e., (20log(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands. Table 6-20 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) Band (MHz) PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B Uplink Downlink Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 800 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1 800 MHz iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9 900 MHz GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8 900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.7 1800 MHz DCS 1710–1785 1805–1880 1795 37.
For reference, Tables 6-21 through 6-27 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments.
Table 6-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 70 231 Moderately Open Environment 60 197 Mildly Dense Environment 53 174 Moderately Dense Environment 45 149 Dense Environment 38 125 Table 6-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 75 246 Moderately Open Environment 58 191 Mildly Dense Envir
Table 6-27 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 72 236 Moderately Open Environment 56 183 Mildly Dense Environment 49 160 Moderately Dense Environment 40 132 Dense Environment 29 96 Table 6-28 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.
6.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates Example Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application 1. Design goals: • Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band) • TDMA provider • 12 TDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.
Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor. a. 2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUs b. 16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubs c.
Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application 1. Design goals: • PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 1900 MHz PCS band) • CDMA provider • 8 CDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.
6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor. a. 2 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 32 RAUs b. 32 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 4 Expansion Hubs c.
6.3 System Gain The system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and the uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently decreased by 10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole. 6.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length The recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 10 meters (33 ft) and the recommended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft).
6.4 Link Budget Analysis A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal. One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in Section 6.1.
6.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in a Unison design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage distance.
Table 6-30 Consideration Thermal Noise Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued) Description This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW). Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW). Protocol Signal Bandwidth Thermal Noise TDMA 30 kHz –129 dBm GSM 200 kHz –121 dBm iDEN 25 kHz –130 dBm Required C/I ratio For each wireless standard a certain C/I (carrier to interference) ratio is needed to obtain acceptable demodulation performance.
6.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) 33 –23 c. Power into Unison (dBm) d. Unison gain (dB) 10 0 e. Antenna gain (dBi) 3 f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 13 Airlink g. Multipath fade margin (dB) h. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90% (dB) i. Body loss (dB) j.
Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) 4 b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –10 c. Unison gain (dB) d. Unison noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 0 e. System noise figure (dB) 22.6 f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129 g. Required C/I ratio (dB) h. Antenna gain (dBi) i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) 22 12 3 –97.4 Airlink j. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6 k. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90% (dB) l.
6.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because the spread spectrum nature of CDMA must be considered. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level remains unchanged.
PTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008) where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile. The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 6-32 on page 6-34).
Table 6-32 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA (continued) Consideration Description Eb/No This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. It’s the CDMA equivalent of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobile’s receiver and the multipath environment. For example, the multipath delays inside a building are usually too small for a rake receiver in the mobile (or base station) to resolve and coherently combine multipath components.
6.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) 30.0 b. Voice activity factor 50% c. Composite power (dBm) 40.0 d. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –24 e. Power per channel into Unison (dBm) 9.0 f. Composite power into Unison (dBm) 16.0 g. Unison gain (dB) 0.0 h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0 i. Radiated power per channel (dBm) 12.0 j.
• b and c: see notes in Table 6-32 regarding power per carrier, downlink • e=a+d • f=c+d • i=e+g+h • j=f+g+h • p = –k + l + m + n + o • s=q+r • v=s+t+u • w=p+v • x=j–w • y = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P where P = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular –76 dB for PCS PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B Help Hot Line (U.S.
Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) 3.0 –30.0 c. Unison gain (dB) d. Unison noise figure (dB) 22.0 0.0 e. System noise figure (dB) 33.3 f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0 g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) i. Information rate (dB/Hz) j. Required Eb/(No+lo) 5.0 k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0 l. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0 m.
• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula Fsys = F1 + F2 – 1 G1 + F3 – 1 G1G2 + .... where F = 10 (Noise Figure/10) G = 10(Gain/10) (See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.) • h=e+f+g • m = h + i + j –k – l • r=n+o+p+q • t=s–r–m PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B Help Hot Line (U.S.
6.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems Unison can be used to extend the coverage of the outdoor network by connecting to a roof-top donor antenna that is pointed toward an outdoor base station. Additional considerations for such an application of Unison are: • Sizing the gain and output power requirements for a bi-directional amplifier (repeater).
6.5 Optical Power Budget Unison uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as elements of the optical power budget. The reason is that when the optical power budget is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place. The Unison optical power budget for both multi-mode and single-mode fiber cable is 3.0 dB (optical). The maximum loss through the fiber can not exceed 3 dB (optical).
6.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station The first consideration when connecting Unison Main Hubs to a base station is to ensure there is an equal amount of loss through cables, combiners, etc. from the base station to the Main Hubs. For this example, assume that the base station will have simplex connections, one uplink and one downlink. Each of these connections will need to be divided to equilibrate power for each Main Hub.
6.6.1 Attenuation Figure 6-3 shows a typical setup wherein a duplex base station is connected to a Main Hub. For a simplex base station, eliminate the circulator and connect the simplex ports of the base station to the simplex ports of the Main Hub. Add attenuators to regulate the power appropriately. Figure 6-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections A1 Duplex Base Station or Repeater Forward A3 A2 Main Hub Reverse • A typical circulator has an IP3 of +70dBm.
6.6.2 Uplink Attenuation The attenuation between the Main Hub’s uplink port and the base station does two things: 1. It attenuates the noise coming out of Unison. 2. It attenuates the desired signals coming out of Unison. Setting the attenuation on the uplink is a trade-off between keeping the noise and maximum signal levels transmitted from Unison to the base station receiver low while not reducing the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the path from the RAU inputs to the base station inputs.
6.6.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA In CDMA systems, the power transmitted by the mobile is determined by the characteristics of both the uplink and downlink paths. The power transmitted by the mobile should be similar in open-loop control (as determined by the downlink path) as during closed-loop control (as determined by the uplink and downlink paths).
6.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System Designing for a neutral host system uses the same design rules previously discussed. Since a neutral host system typically uses multiple systems in parallel with common equipment locations, we find it best to design according to the minimum among the systems’ RAU coverage distances so that there will not be holes in the coverage area, and so that the economies of a single installation can be achieved. For example, as indicated in Section 7.
Similar coverage is achieved by setting the transmit power per carrier of the 800 MHz systems to 3 dBm per carrier and those of the 1900 MHz systems to 6 dBm per carrier. The numbers of RF carriers were selected in order to match subscriber capacity approximately. Because each protocol in the example supports a different number of voice channels, the RF carrier numbers also differ.
The following table shows the capacities of both 800 and 1900 MHz Unison systems used for single and multiple protocol applications. The power per carrier for each system is based on providing equal coverage areas for both systems when they are used in an office building that is 80% cubicles and 20% offices.
Installing Unison SECTION 7 7.1 7.1.1 Installation Requirements Component Location Requirements Unison components are intended to be installed in indoor locations only. 7.1.
7.1.3 Multiple Operator System Recommendations As in any Unison system, a multiple operator (neutral host) system requires one pair of fiber strands between each Main Hub and each Expansion Hub, and one Cat-5/6 cable between each Expansion Hub and each RAU. In situations where Hubs and/or RAUs will be installed in the future to support the addition of frequency bands and/or wireless Operators, it is advantageous to install the necessary cabling initially.
7.2 7.2.1 Safety Precautions Installation Guidelines Use the following guidelines when installing LGC Wireless equipment: 7.2.2 1. Provide sufficient airflow and cooling to the equipment to prevent heat build-up from exceeding the maximum ambient air temperature specification. Do not compromise the amount of airflow required for safe operation of the equipment. 2. If you are removing the system, turn it off and remove the power cord first. There are no user-serviceable parts inside the components. 3.
7.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions The following are suggested safety precautions for working with fiber ports. For information about system compliance with safety standards, see Appendix C. WARNING: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs. Invisible infrared radiation is present at the front panel of the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub.
7.3 7.3.1 Preparing for System Installation Pre-Installation Inspection Follow this procedure before installing Unison equipment: PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B 1. Verify the number of packages received against the packing list. 2. Check all packages for external damage; report any external damage to the shipping carrier. If there is damage, a shipping agent should be present before you unpack and inspect the contents because damage caused during transit is the responsibility of the shipping agent. 3.
7.3.2 Installation Checklist Table 7-2 Installation Checklist Installation Requirement Consideration Floor Plans Installation location of equipment clearly marked Power available: Main Hub (AC) Expansion Hub (AC) To RAU (DC) Power cord is 2 m (6.5 ft) long. Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 Hz Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 Hz 36V (from the Expansion Hub) Rack space available: Main Hub Expansion Hub 44 mm (1.75 in.) high (1U) 89 mm (3.5 in.
Table 7-2 Installation Requirement Installation Checklist (continued) Consideration Connecting LGCell Main Hub(s) to a Unison Main Hub 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3) For contact alarm monitoring: connecting 2 to 21 LGCell Main Hubs to a Unison Main Hub If connecting LGCell to Unison, the Alarm Sense Adapter Cable is required to connect the daisy-chain cable to Unison Do not combine LGCell Main Hubs with Unison Main Hubs in the same daisy chain Alarm Sense Adapter Cable (PN 4024-3) Use w
Table 7-2 Installation Checklist (continued) Installation Requirement Consideration Miscellaneous Null modem cable Female connectors; Main Hub to a PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software; local connection Straight-through cable Female/male connectors; Main Hub to a modem; remote connection Distances Main Hub is within 3–6m (10–20 ft) of connecting repeater If longer distance, determine the loss of the cable used for this connection and adjust the RF signal into the Main Hub accordin
7.3.4 Optional Accessories Table 7-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation Description Wall-mount equipment rack(s) (PN 4712) Note that if using this rack with an Expansion Hub, the Hub’s mounting bracket must be moved to the center mounting position.
7.4 Unison Component Installation Procedures The following procedures assume that the system is new from the factory and that it has not been programmed with a band. If you are replacing components in a pre-installed system with either new units or units that may already be programmed (i.e., re-using units from another system), refer to Section 8. • Installing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12 • Installing a Main Hub in a Rack . . . . .
The following procedures assume that the system is installed and programmed. • Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . 7-33 • Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33 • Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35 • Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36 • Connecting Multiple Main Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4.1 Installing a Main Hub CAUTION: Install Main Hubs in indoor locations only. Installing a Main Hub in a Rack The Main Hub (1U high) mounts in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack. Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, and 51 mm (2 in.) on both sides for air circulation. No top and bottom clearance is required. Consideration: • The Main Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads.
Connecting the AdminManager PC to the Main Hub Considerations: • The AdminManager software, described in the AdminManager User Manual (PN 8810-10), must be running on a PC/laptop that is connected to the Main Hub’s front panel RS-232 port. • Null modem cable with female connectors is needed. To connect the PC/laptop, start AdminManager, and power on the Main Hub: 1. Connect the null modem cable to the PC/laptop and then to the RS-232 port on the Main Hub’s front panel. 2.
Programming a Frequency Band into the Main Hub To program a band into the Unison Main Hub: 1. Start AdminManager. 2. Select the Installation Wizard (Local) radio button and click RUN. The Step 1, Verify Hardware window is displayed. The Main Hub will be the only device listed. 3. Click NEXT. The Step 2, Set Operation Band window is displayed. 4. Select the desired frequency band from the pull-down list and click APPLY.
Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub Considerations: • Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed the 3 dB optical budget. • If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget. • Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished).
To clean the fiber ends: Be sure that the fiber cable’s SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust and oils. You will need lint-free cloths, isopropyl alcohol, and compressed air 1. Moisten a lint-free cloth with isopropyl alcohol. 2. Gently wipe the fiber end with the moistened cloth. 3. Using a dry lint-free cloth, gently wipe the fiber end. 4. Spray the compressed air away from the connector for a few seconds to clean out the nozzle and then use it to completely dry the connector.
7.4.1.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation Table 7-5 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation During Installation Power On LED State Action Impact 1. Main Hub POWER Off Check AC power; check that the Main Hub power-on switch is on; replace Main Hub Main Hub is not powering on. LINK LEDs on but they didn’t blink through all states Replace the Main Hub. E-HUB/RAU Microcontroller not resetting properly; flash memory corrupted.
7.4.1.2 Installing Main Hubs in a Multiple Operator System Installing Main Hubs in a multiple operator system is the same as described in Section 7.4.1 on page 7-12. We recommend mounting all multiple operator system Main Hubs in the same rack(s), grouped by frequency or wireless carrier. For example, group the Main Hubs for the 800 MHz cellular bands together, and so on. Connecting to base stations and repeaters is the same as described in Section 7.6 on page 7-33 and Section 7.6.1 on page 7-37.
7.4.2 Installing Expansion Hubs The Expansion Hub (2U high) can mount in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack or in a wall-mountable equipment rack that is available from LGC Wireless. Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear and 51 mm (2 in.) sides for air circulation. No top and bottom clearance is required. Install the Expansion Hub in a horizontal position only. CAUTION: Install Expansion Hubs in indoor locations only.
Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack Considerations: • The rack and the Expansion Hub are both 305 mm (12 in.) deep. The rack mounting brackets on the Expansion Hub must be moved to the center mounting position to allow for the 76 mm (3 in.) rear clearance that is required. • The maximum weight the rack can hold is 22.5 kg (50 lbs). To install the hub in a wall-mounted rack: 1. Attach the equipment rack to the wall using the screws that are provided.
Powering On the Expansion Hub 1. Connect the AC power cord to the Expansion Hub. 2. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet. 3. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub and check that all the LED lamps are functioning properly. Upon power-up, the LEDs will blink for five seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. After the five-second test: • The POWER and UL STATUS LEDs should be green.
Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Expansion Hub Considerations: • Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed 3 dB optical budget. • If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget. • Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished).
To clean the fiber ends: Be sure that the fiber cable’s SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. You will need lint-free cloths, isopropyl alcohol, and compressed air 1. Moisten a lint-free cloth with isopropyl alcohol. 2. Gently wipe the fiber end with the moistened cloth. 3. Using a dry lint-free cloth, gently wipe the fiber end. 4. Spray the compressed air away from the connector for a few seconds to clean out the nozzle and then use it to completely dry the connector.
Connecting the ScTP Cables Consideration: • Verify that the cable has been tested and the test results are recorded. To test and connect the ScTP cable: 1. Perform cable testing. Test results are required for the final As-Built Document. Cable length: – Minimum: 10 m (33 ft) – Recommended Maximum: 100 m (328 ft) – Absolute Maximum: 150 m (492 ft) 2. Label both ends of each cable with which RJ-45 port you’re using. 3. Connect the ScTP cables to any available RJ-45 port on the Expansion Hub.
7.4.2.1 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation • All Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs with RAUs connected should indicate Green/Red, which indicates that the RAU is powered on and communication has been established. • The Expansion Hub UL STATUS LED should be Green. Table 7-6 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation During Installation LED State Action Impact 1.
7.4.2.2 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Multiple Operator System Installing Expansion Hubs in a multiple operator system is the same as described in Section 7.4.2 on page 7-19. If rack-mounting the Expansion Hubs, we recommend mounting all multiple operator system hubs in the same rack(s) or location, grouped by frequency or carrier. For example, group the Expansion Hubs for iDEN together, then the 800 MHz cellular bands, and so on.
7.4.3 Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas CAUTION: Install RAUs in indoor locations only. Installing RAUs Mount all RAUs in the locations marked on the floor plans. Considerations: • Install iDEN and 800 MHz cellular RAUs so that their antennas will be at least 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) apart. Separation is required to reduce signal interference between the two frequency bands. • Keep at least 76 mm (3 in.
Installing Passive Antennas Refer to the manufacturer’s installation instructions to install passive antennas. Passive antennas are usually installed below the ceiling. If they are installed above the ceiling, the additional loss due to the ceiling material must be considered when estimating the antenna coverage area. Considerations: • Use coaxial cable with the least amount of loss possible.
Connecting the ScTP Cable Consideration: • Verify that the cable has been tested and the test results are recorded. To connect the ScTP cable: • Connect the cable to the RJ-45 female port on the RAU. Power is supplied by the Expansion Hub. Upon power up, the LEDs will blink for two seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. After the two-second test: • The LINK LED should be green indicating that it is receiving power and communications from the Expansion Hub.
7.4.4 Configuring the System Configuring the Installed System Considerations: • The AdminManager PC/laptop is connected to the Main Hub. • The AdminManager software is started. • All system components are installed and powered on. To configure an installed system: 1. Select the Installation Wizard (Local) radio button from the AdminManager main window and click RUN. The Step 1, Verify Hardware window is displayed. 2. Verify that all system devices are displayed in the System Status box and click NEXT.
7.5 Splicing Fiber Optic Cable The fiber cable must have SC/APC connectors for the entire run. If it does not, you can splice a pigtail, which has SC/APC connectors, to the fiber cable. LGC offers two pigtails: 1 for single-mode fiber (PN 4013SCAPC-3) and 1 for multi-mode fiber (PN 4012SCAPC-3). Two methods of splicing are described here: fusion and mechanical. We recommend fusion splices because they have the lowest splice loss and return loss. 7.5.
11. Allow time for the splice sleeve to cure. 12. Return fiber splice to the splice tray, store the sleeve in a splice holder within the tray, and store excess cable length in accordance with the tray manufacture’s directions. After successfully testing the fiber, plug the SC/APC pigtail into the proper optical port on the Hub. To fusion splice the fiber optic cable to the SC/APC pigtail: Option B 1.
7.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Main Hub (refer to Section 6.1 on page 6-3 for maximum power specifications). If the maximum composite power is too high, attenuation is required. Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station Connecting a Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub: 1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the transmit simplex connector on the base station. 2.
Connecting a Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub: When connecting to a duplex base station, use a circulator between it and the Main Hub. You can insert attenuators between the circulator and Main Hub as needed; refer to Section 6.6.1 on page 6-43 for more information. 1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base station. 2. Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator. 3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Main Hub. 4.
Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations You can use power combiner/splitters to connect a Main Hub to multiple base stations, as shown in the following figure. Figure 7-3 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations BTS 1 UL DL Insert attenuators, if needed N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cables between Combiner/Splitter and Main Hub’s Uplink Port 620003-0 Rev.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna It is recommended that you use a lightning arrestor or surge protector in a roof-top antenna configuration. Insert the lightning arrestor or surge protector between the roof-top antenna and the repeater that is connected to the Main Hub. 1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the roof-top antenna. 2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor. 3.
7.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main Hubs You can use power combiner/splitters as splitters to connect multiple Main Hubs in order to increase the total number of RAUs in a system. You can also use power combiner/splitters to combine base station channels in order to increase the number of RF carriers the system transports.
Figure 7-4 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cable to Repeater or Base Station 2 x 1 Power Combiner/Splitter N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cables between Combiner/Splitter and Main Hub’s Downlink Port 7-38 N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cable to Repeater or Base Station 2 x 1 Power Combiner/Splitter N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cables between Combiner/Splitter and Main Hub’s Uplink Port InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Re
Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station Considerations: • 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, etc.
To connect two Main Hubs to a duplex repeater or base station, you need to use one circulator and one more coaxial jumper cable, as shown in the following figure.
7.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System The Unison Main Hub can generate (source) two contact alarms as well as sense an external contact alarm. • Alarm Source (see Section 7.7.1 on page 7-42) The Main Hub has two alarm contacts, fault (major) and warning (minor). These contact are normally-closed (NC) and will open when an internal alarm is detected. • Fault is activated when any faults or disconnects are detected.
7.7.1 Alarm Source Unison always acts an alarm source, no matter what type of equipment you are connecting to. Refer to Section 7.7.2 on page 7-45 if you want Unison to sense LGCell contact closures or other external alarms. Using MetroReach Focus to Monitor Unison When you connect MetroReach Focus to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and Focus is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the following figure. Focus supports only faults (major errors).
Using a Base Station to Monitor Unison When you connect a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and the BTS is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the following figure. An interface cable is required between the daisy-chain cable and the BTS. Because BTS alarm interface pinouts and Unison-to-BTS distances vary, this cable often is custom and wired on-site.
Using a Base Station and OpsConsole to Monitor Unison In order to take full advantage of Unison’s OA&M capabilities you can use LGC Wireless OpsConsole software in addition to a BTS to monitor the system, as shown in Figure 7-8.
7.7.2 Alarm Sense Use the AdminManager to enable the Unison system for “alarm sense” when connecting to the contact closure of LGCell Main Hubs or other external alarms (see Set Contact Sense Properties in the AdminManager User Manual). Using Unison to Monitor LGCells When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms (alarm sense) and the LGCell is the output (alarm source), as shown in the following figure.
7.7.3 Alarm Cables 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable Figure 7-10 shows the 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3), which supports fault and warning conditions (i.e., major and minor errors). Figure 7-10 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable 1.
Alarm Sense Adapter Cable The alarm sense adapter cable (PN 4025-1) translates the LGCell fault pinout to the sense input pins on the Unison Main Hub. You must use this adapter cable, as illustrated in Figure 7-11, with the 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable when connecting LGCell to Unison. Figure 7-11 Alarm Sense Adapter Cable To Unison To Daisy-Chain Cable J9 J8 1 8 7 9 3 feet PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B Help Hot Line (U.S.
7.8 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options The following connectivity options are described here: • Section 7.8.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48 • Section 7.8.2 Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49 • Section 7.8.3 232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50 • Section 7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.8.2 Modem Connection In this configuration, the PC and the Main Hub connect to modems and communicate via a standard dial-up telephone connection. Figure 7-13 OA&M Modem Connection Straight-through modem cable Modem PSTN Modem Straight-through modem cable PC running AdminManager or OpsConsole Software External Modem only with OpsConsole NOTE: See Appendix A.4 on page A-3 for the modem cable wiring information. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B Help Hot Line (U.S.
7.8.3 232 Port Expander Connection In this configuration a port expander is used to allow the connection of multiple devices to a single PC serial port. Testing was performed with an Equinox SST-16P Multiport Board. A DB-25 male to DB-9 female modem cable must be made to connect the connector panel to the Main Hub (refer to Appendix A.6 on page A-5). Or, you can use a DB-25 male/DB-9 male adapter with a DB-9 female to DB-9 female null modem cable.
7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection Using a line sharing switch you can connect up to four modems to a single telephone line. Testing was performed with a Teltone Line Sharing Switch, model number M-394-B-01.
7.8.5 Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub Connection An Ethernet-to-RS-232 serial hub or converter box can be used to communicate between the PC and Unison. Testing was performed with an Equinox SST Ethernet Serial Provider.
Replacing Unison Components in an Operational System SECTION 8 8.1 Replacing an RAU Be aware that the new RAU must be the same band as the one you are replacing. If you replace an RAU with one that is of the wrong band, it will not work. The Main Hub automatically checks the band of a replaced RAU. There is no need to issue commands directly from the Main Hub. Therefore, as long as the RAU is of the correct band, the system will operate properly. Replacing an RAU 1.
AdminManager Tasks • Use the Advanced RAU Settings option on the Configuration & Maintenance panel to set the RAU’s 10 dB attenuation and UL ALC settings. • When convenient, perform System Test to optimize performance. During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is being transmitted. For a fully loaded system (one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs), it can take up to 1.5 minutes to complete the test. Checking the RAU’s LEDs 1.
8.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub Replacing an Expansion Hub 1. Turn off the power to the Expansion Hub. 2. Disconnect all Cat-5/6 cables, both fiber cables, and the AC power cord. 3. Replace the Expansion Hub with a new one. 4. Connect the AC power cord, all Cat-5/6 cables, and both fiber cables – remembering to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber. 5. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub. AdminManager Tasks • The Main Hub automatically issues the band setting.
8.3 Replacing a Main Hub You must record the system configuration settings from the old Main Hub’s memory before replacing the unit (see Get System Configuration Settings below). You will program the new Main Hub with this information. If the Main Hub is programmed incorrectly, the system will not work. If the Main Hub is not functioning, get the configuration settings from the As-Built Document that was created as part of the original installation. Get System Configuration Settings 1.
Replacing a Main Hub 1. Turn off the power to the Main Hub. 2. Disconnect all fiber cables and the AC power cord. 3. Replace the Main Hub with a new one. 4. Connect the AC power cord and all fiber cables – remembering to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber cables. 5. Connect the null modem cable to the PC and then to the Main Hub’s front panel DB-9 serial connector. 6. Start the AdminManager software. 7.
Checking the Main Hub’s LEDs • The LEDs should blink through a 5-second test on power up. • If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Main Hub. • If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is connected. • If the LEDs blink continuously, there is no band programmed in the Main Hub and there is no communication with connected Expansion Hubs or their RAUs.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance SECTION 9 There are no user-serviceable parts in any of the Unison components. Faulty or failed components are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. 9.1 Address 2540 Junction Avenue San Jose, California 95134-1902 USA Phone 1-408-952-2400 Fax 1-408-952-2410 Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only) +1-408-952-2400 (International) Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com e-mail service@lgcwireless.
9.2 Maintenance Keep the fiber ports clean and free of dust. No other periodic maintenance of the Unison equipment is required. To clean the fiber ports: You can clean the Hub’s fiber ports using canned compressed air or isopropyl alcohol and cotton swabs. Considerations: • If using compressed air: • The air must be free of dust, water, and oil. • Hold the can level during use. • If using isopropyl alcohol and cotton swabs: • Use only 98% pure or more alcohol. Procedure using compressed air: 1.
9.3 Troubleshooting NOTE: Unison has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Sources of potential problems include: • Faulty cabling/connector • Malfunction of one or more Unison components • Antenna, base station, or repeater problem • External RF interface • Tripped circuit breaker • Using a Null modem cable that does not support full hardware handshaking when using AdminManager NOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a vast majority of problems.
9.3.1 Troubleshooting using AdminManager To begin troubleshooting, use AdminManager software to determine the current faults and warnings for all of the units in the system. To troubleshoot, start with the Main Hub’s faults and warnings, then proceed to each of the Expansion Hubs, finishing with each of the RAUs. 9.3.1.1 Fault Indications Once all of the units are powered on and the cable connections are made, the faults from each unit can be requested using AdminManager.
Table 9-1 Fault Message & Icon EHn uplink AGC failure LED State STATUS Red Faults Reported by the Main Hub (continued) Possible Causes Action Impact Uplink fiber has high optical loss. Measure UL optical fiber loss. Main Hub uplink port failure. Move fiber pair to another port. If fault is not reported, fiber is okay and Main Hub port is dirty or bad. Use AdminManager to ‘Clear All Disconnect Status’ to clear the disconnect fault on the original port.
Table 9-1 Fault Message & Icon No communication with EHn LED State LINK Red E-HUB/RAU Off Faults Reported by the Main Hub (continued) Possible Causes Downlink fiber has high optical loss. and Action Impact Measure downlink optical fiber loss. EHn and/or RAU degraded performance, or EHn and connected RAUs are off-line. Clean the Expansion Hub’s downlink fiber port. (Refer to Section 9.2.) Clean the Main Hub’s downlink fiber port. (Refer to Section 9.2.) Uplink fiber has high optical loss.
Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub Table 9-2 Fault Message LED Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub State Possible Causes Action Impact Red Downlink fiber has high optical loss. Measure downlink optical fiber loss. Degraded performance or Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-line. Expansion Hub Faults Hardware failure STATUS Clean the downlink fiber connectors. (Refer to Section 9.2.) Clean the Main and Expansion Hubs’ downlink fiber ports. (Refer to Section 9.2.
Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued) Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact Downlink pilot failure STATUS Red Downlink fiber has high optical loss. Measure downlink optical fiber loss. Degraded performance or Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-line. Clean downlink fiber connectors. (Refer to Section 9.2.) Clean the Main and Expansion Hubs’ downlink fiber ports. (Refer to Section 9.2.
Table 9-2 Fault Message Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued) LED State Possible Causes Action Impact LINK Red Off If RAUn is disconnected, reconnect it or use AdminManager’s “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear the disconnect fault. RAUn is off-line. RAU RAU was connected and is now disconnected. Cat-5/6 cable failure. Check Cat-5/6 cable for shorts or opens. RAU internal failure or Expansion Hub port bad. Move the RAU to another port.
Remote Access Unit Faults Table 9-3 Remote Access Unit Faults Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact Hardware failure ALARM Red Internal hardware failure. Replace the RAU. RAU is off-line. Frequency band not programmed ALARM Red Wrong version of RAU for frequency band desired. Replace the RAU if not valid for desired frequency band. RAU is off-line. RAU is over temperature ALARM Red Ambient temperature above maximum.
9.3.1.2 Warning Indications Warnings alert you to conditions that indicate potential system failure. Warnings are displayed in the Messages pane in red lettering. Before addressing warnings, ensure that all faults are resolved. Take appropriate action to resolve the warnings, as indicated in the following tables. Main Hub Warnings Table 9-4 Main Hub Warnings Warning Message Action Impact Temperature is high Check room environmental controls. Potential Main Hub failure.
9.3.1.3 Status Messages Status messages alert you to conditions that may impact system performance. Status messages are displayed in the Messages pane in blue lettering. NOTE: The icons displayed in the system status tree assume that there are no other faults, warnings, or status present. Main Hub Status Messages Table 9-7 Message Icon Main Hub Status Messages Action Impact Downlink laser is failing Replace the Main Hub when possible.
Expansion Hub Status Messages Table 9-8 Message Downlink fiber optical loss greater than recommended maximum Icon Expansion Hub Status Messages Action Impact Check the downlink fiber cable for excessive optical loss. Degraded system performance. Clean the cable connector. (Refer to Section 9.2.) Clean the fiber ports. (Refer to Section 9.2.) Uplink laser is failing Replace the Expansion Hub when possible.
Remote Access Unit Status Messages Table 9-9 Message DC voltage is low Icon Remote Access Unit Status Messages Action Impact Check the Cat-5/6 cable for shorts and opens. Unreliable operation. Replace the RAU when possible. Cat-5/6 cable between Expansion Hub and RAU is longer than recommended maximum Check that the Cat-5/6 cable does not exceed the recommended maximum length. Degraded system performance. Unit not system tested Use AdminManager to command System Test.
9.3.2 Troubleshooting using LEDs The following troubleshooting guide is from the perspective that all Unison equipment is installed, their cables are connected, and they are powered on; it is assumed that the system was operating normally before the problem to be diagnosed occurred. (Refer to Section 7 for information on troubleshooting during initial installation of the system.) Always use AdminManager, if possible, to troubleshoot the system.
9.3.2.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation • All of the Main Hub’s LEDs should be green during normal operation. If any LEDs are red, get status using AdminManager to determine the exact cause and recommendations. Table 9-10 During Normal Operation Expansion Hub Not Connected Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation Main Hub Port LEDs State Action Impact LINK Red E-HUB/RAU Off If the Expansion Hub was disconnected accidentally, re-connect the cables.
Table 9-11 During Normal Operation Main Hub Status LEDs At Any Time MAIN HUB STATUS Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation State Action Impact Red Use AdminManager to determine the exact cause of the fault. Internal Main Hub fault. Power cycle one time. If fault remains, replace the Main Hub. Use AdminManager to check if the Main Hub is commanded Out-of-Service (every Expansion Hub port status LED will be red as well). Main Hub and all downstream units are off-line.
9.3.2.2 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation • All of the Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs that have RAUs connected should be Green/Green, indicating that the RAU is powered on, communication is established, and operation is normal. • The POWER, EHUB STATUS, DL STATUS, and UL STATUS LEDs should all be Green.
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Table 9-13 Operation During Normal Operation Expansion Hub Status LEDs State Action Impact At Any Time UL STATUS Red Check uplink fiber for optical loss. No communications between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub. Power cycle Expansion Hub one time to check uplink laser. Uplink laser failure. DL STATUS Red Check the downlink fiber for optical loss No communications with the Main Hub.
9.4 Troublshooting Cat-5/6 Refer to Table A-1 on page A-1 for a description of the Cat-5/6 wire assignment. The following table summarizes Cat-5/6 problems if a wire is cut or miswired.
Table 9-14 Type of problem Wire 5 to RJ-45 pin 7 or 8 Summary of Cat-5/6 Cable Wiring Problems (continued) Message Icon • RAUn uplink AGC failure Impact Increased ripple in the downlink and uplink path • Cat-5/6 cable between RAUn and EH is longer than recommended • Downlink pilot failure • Cat-5/6 cable between RAUn and EH is longer than recommended PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. B Help Hot Line (U.S.
9.5 Technical Assistance Call our help hot line for technical assistance: 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only) +1-408-952-2400 (International) Leave your name and phone number and an LGC Wireless customer service representative will return your call within an hour.
Cables and Connectors APPENDIX A A.1 Cat-5/6 Cable (ScTP) • Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s) • Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) IF signals • Delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal.
All Cat-5/6 cable must be terminated according to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. The following diagram shows the top view of the wiring map for the cable and how the four pairs should be terminated. Figure A-1 1 2 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 Cable 3 4 5 6 7 8 W-G G W-O BL W-BL O W-BR BR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Green/ Green Orange/ Blue Blue/ Orange Brown/ Brown White White White White RJ-45 Port The nominal DC impedance of the Cat-5/6 cable is 0.08 ohm/meter and the nominal RF impedance is 100 ohm.
A.2 Fiber Optical Cables • Connects Main Hub to Expansion Hub(s) • Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) optical signals • Carries configuration and status information • Use industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF or Corning SMF-28 fiber, or equivalent. • SC/APC (angle-polished) connectors are required throughout the fiber network (port-to-port), including fiber distribution panels • Distances: • Multi-mode Fiber: up to 1.
A.5 DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable A DB-9 female to DB-9 female null modem cable is used to connect the AdminManager PC to a Unison Main Hub. A cable is included with AdminManager. Table A-2 lists the cable pinout and Figure A-3 shows a diagram of its wiring.
A.6 DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable A DB-25 male to DB-9 female Null modem cable is used to connect a 232 Port Expander to a Unison Main Hub, or to connect a modem to the Main Hub when using OpsConsole to monitor the system. Table A-3 lists the pinout of the cable for Unison and Figure A-4 shows a diagram of its wiring.
A-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
APPENDIX B InterReach Unison Property Sheet Use the “InterReach Unison Property Sheet” form, which is provided on the following page, to document a system configuration. The completed form can be used for future reference when the system is being maintained or components are added or exchanged. An example of a completed form is shown below. InterReachTM Unison Property Sheet Installer: J.
InterReachTM Unison Property Sheet Installer: Date: System Label: System Gain: UL: Unit MH - EH - RAU 1-1-n (RAU 1) 1-1-2 (RAU 2) 1-1-3 (RAU 3) 1-1-4 (RAU 4) 1-1-5 (RAU 5) 1-1-6 (RAU 6) 1-1-7 (RAU 7) 1-2-n 1-2-2 (RAU 2) 1-2-3 (RAU 3) 1-2-4 (RAU 4) 1-2-5 (RAU 5) 1-2-6 (RAU 6) 1-2-7 (RAU 7) B-2 Unit Installation Location (RAU 8) (EH 3) 1-3-1 (RAU 1) 1-3-2 (RAU 2) 1-3-3 (RAU 3) 1-3-4 (RAU 4) 1-3-5 (RAU 5) 1-3-6 (RAU 6) 1-3-7 (RAU 7) 1-3-8 (RAU 8) 1-4-n Unit Ser
APPENDIX C Compliance 900 Paging/SMR • Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition • EMC: FCC part 15 class A • Radio: FCC Part 90 Cellular Products • Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition • EMC: FCC part 15 class A DCS Products • Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations • EMC: EN 301 489-8 V.1.1.1 (2000-09), CISPR 24: 1998 • Radio: ETS 300 609-4 V.8.0.
PCS Products • Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition • EMC: FCC part 15 class A • Radio: FCC part 24 • Radio: FCC part 22 UMTS Products • Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations • EMC: ETSI TS 125 113 V.4.1.0 (2001-06) • Radio: ETSI TS 125 143 V.4.0.0 (2001-03) C-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
Release Notes APPENDIX D D.1 Unison Release 4 This document is for the Unison Release 4 products listed in the following table.
D.2 Compatibility The following table provides compatibility information for the Unison firmware (FW) and hardware (HW) (i.e., Main Hub (MHub), Expansion Hub (EHub), and low (Lo) and high (Hi) band RAUs). Table D-2 Hardware/Firmware/Software Release Compatibility Release 4 Firmware Past Firmware Release Main Hub FW Component Expansion Hub FW Lo Band RAUa FW c MHub HW c EHub HW c Lo RAU HW c MHub FW c EHub FW Lo RAU FW pc, 2, 4 Hi RAU FW pc, 2, 4 c AdminMgr 1.
Appendix D-2 Notes: 1. c – compatible; pc – partially compatible; nc – not compatible 2. Does not support DCS4 and GSM 3. Downstream lockout due to fault is incorrectly indicated as a lockout 4. Main Hub issues band command to RAU on first “F” detect (causes RAU to attempt alarm recovery where Release 4 won’t) 5. Release 3.
D-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
APPENDIX E Glossary Air Interface A method for formatting data and voice onto radio waves. Common air interfaces include AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, and GSM. AIN Advanced Intelligent Network. AINs allow a wireless user to make and receive phone calls while roaming outside the user’s “home” network. These networks, which rely on computers and sophisticated switching techniques, also provide many Personal Communications Service (PCS) features.
BTA Basic Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 493 areas, called BTAs. These BTAs are composed of a specific list of counties, based on a system originally developed by Rand McNally. The FCC grants licenses to wireless operators to provide service within these BTAs and/or MTAs. (See MTA.) BTS Base Transceiver Station. A GSM term referring to the group of network devices that provide radio transmission and reception, including antennas. C/I Carrier to interference ratio.
CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. The CTIA is an industry association made up of most of the wireless carriers and other industry players. It was formed in 1984 to promote the cellular industry and cellular technology. D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service. See IS-54. dB Decibel. A unit for expressing the ratio of two amounts of power. It is often used in wireless to describe the amount of power loss in a system (i.e., the ratio of transmitted power to received power).
Forward Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from the base station to the mobile station. (See Reverse Channel.) Frequency The number of times an electrical signal repeats an identical cycle in a unit of time, normally one second. One Hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second. Frequency re-use The ability to use the same frequencies repeatedly across a cellular system.
IS-136 Interim Standard-136. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard based on IS-54 that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-553 Interim Standard-533. The U.S. analog cellular (AMPS) air interface standard. ITU International Telecommunications Union. The ITU is the principal international standards organization. It is charted by the United Nations and it establishes international regulations governing global telecommunications networks and services. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This acronym is used to refer to credit card sized packages containing memory, I/O devices and other capabilities for use in Personal Computers, handheld computers and other devices. PCS Personal Communications Service. A vague label applied to new-generation mobile communication technology that uses the narrow band and broadband spectrum recently allocated in the 1.9 GHz band. PDA Personal Digital Assistant.
Spectrum The range of electromagnetic frequencies. Spread Spectrum A method of transmitting a signal over a broad range of frequencies and then re-assembling the transmission at the far end. This technique reduces interference and increases the number of simultaneous conversations within a given radio frequency band. T-1 A North American commercial digital transmission standard. A T-1 connection uses time division multiplexing to carry 24 digital voice or data channels over copper wire.
E-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.