® TM InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620610-0-20 Rev A
D-620610-0-20 Rev A Help Hot Line (U.S.
This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.
Limited Warranty Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty).
Table of Contents SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 SECTION 2 Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL 3.5.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3.5.2 View Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 SECTION 4 Fusion Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1 Expansion Hub Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.2 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.
CONFIDENTIAL 6.6.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (Over-the-Air) Systems . . 6-36 6.7 Optical Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37 6.8 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38 6.8.1 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8.2 RAU Attenuation and ALC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8.2.1 Using the RAU 10 dB Attenuation Setting . . . . . . . . . 6.8.2.
CONFIDENTIAL 7.8.6 SNMP Interface SECTION 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-71 Replacing Fusion Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 8.1 Replacing an RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 8.2 Replacing a Fusion Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3 8.3 Replacing a Fusion Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4 SECTION 9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 9-1 9.
CONFIDENTIAL List of Figures Figure 2-1 Fusion System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4 Figure 2-2 Three Methods for OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5 Figure 2-3 System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6 Figure 2-4 Fusion’s Double Star Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL Figure 7-5 Flush Mounting Bracket Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20 Figure 7-6 Bracket Detail For Wall Mount Rack (PN 4712) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21 Figure 7-7 Using Hub Rack-Mounting Brackets for Direct Wall Installation Figure 7-8 Installing Directly to the Wall Figure 7-9 800/850 MHz Spectrum . 7-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL Figure 7-42 Modem Configuration Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-65 Figure 7-43 Fusion Hub Properties - Security Tab Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-65 Figure 7-44 Fusion Hub Properties - Networking Tab Window Figure 7-45 Internet Protocol Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-66 Figure 7-46 OA&M Connection using a 232 Port Expander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL 4 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620610-0-20 Rev A
List of Tables Table 2-1 Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 Table 2-2 Wavelength and Laser Power Specifications Table 2-3 Environmental Specifications Table 2-4 Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion RAUs Table 2-5 850 MHz RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 Table 2-6 1900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL 2 Table 6-3 DCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 Table 6-4 PCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 Table 6-5 UMTS Power per Carrier Table 6-6 System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length (All RAUs except 800/900/1900) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL Table 9-1 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation Table 9-2 Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation Table 9-3 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation Table 9-4 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9 Table 9-5 Summary of CATV Cable Wiring Problems Table C-1 Fault Messages for Fusion Main/SingleStar Hubs . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL 4 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620610-0-20 Rev A
General Information SECTION 1 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 1.1 Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 • Section 1.2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 • Section 1.3 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 • Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conventions in this Manual • Section 4 Fusion Expansion Hub This section illustrates and describes the Expansion Hub, as well as connector and LED descriptions, and unit specification. • Section 5 Remote Access Unit This section illustrates and describes the Remote Access Unit. This section also includes connector and LED descriptions, and unit specifications.
Standards Conformance This manual lists measurements first in metric units, and then in U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example: 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F) This manual uses the following symbols to highlight certain information as described. NOTE: This format emphasizes text with special significance or importance, and provides supplemental information. CAUTION: This format indicates when a given action or omitted action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition.
Related Publications 1-4 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620610-0-20 Rev A
InterReach Fusion System Description SECTION 2 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 2.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 • Section 2.2 System Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 • Section 2.3 System OA&M Capabilities Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 • Section 2.4 System Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Overview The Fusion system supports three configurable bands: • Band 1 in 35 MHz and can be configured for 850 MHz, or 900 MHz. • Band 2 in 75 MHz and can be configured for 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, or 2100 MHz Both bands support all protocols. Fusion remote access units contain combinations of Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3 frequencies to support various world areas, that is 800 MHz/900 MHz/1900MHz for North America or 900 MHz/2100 MHz and 900 MHz/1800 MHz for Europe and Asia.
System Hardware Description – VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a disconnected antenna. • Firmware Updates are downloaded (either locally or remotely) to the system when any modifications are made to the product, including the addition of new software capabilities and services. • OA&M capabilities, including fault isolation to the field replaceable unit, reporting of all fault and warning conditions, and user-friendly web browser user interface OA&M software package. 2.
System OA&M Capabilities Overview Figure 2-1 2.3 Fusion System Hardware System OA&M Capabilities Overview InterReach Fusion is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware to enable much of the operations, administration, and maintenance (OA&M) functionality. Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (that is, Fusion Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available.
System OA&M Capabilities Overview Figure 2-2 Use AdminBrowser to configure or monitor a local or a remote Fusion system. Three Methods for OA&M Communications PC/Laptop RS-232 running a Standard Browser RS-232 Ethernet Modem 2 TCP/IP 1 RS-232 Modem PSTN LAN Switch 3 Ethernet Fusion Main Hub R-J-45 Ethernet t Modem Fusion Main Hub F-conn.
System OA&M Capabilities Overview Figure 2-3 PC/Laptop running a standard web browser System Monitoring and Reporting Fusion Main Hub AdminBrowser Use a standard browser to communicate with remotely or locally installed Fusion systems running AdminBrowser. The Main Hub queries status of each Expansion Hub and each RAU and compares it to previously stored status. RAU Fusion Expansion Hub AdminBrowser The Expansion Hub queries the status of each RAU and compares it to the previously stored status.
System Connectivity 2.4 System Connectivity The double star architecture of the Fusion system, illustrated in Figure 2-4, provides excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of fibers for eight antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra CATV cable.
System Operation 2.5 System Operation Figure 2-5 Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices) The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. Main Hub The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then to optical signals and sends them to Expansion Hubs (up to four) using optical fiber cable. Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub converts the optical signals to electrical signals and sends them to RAUs (up to eight) using 75 Ohm CATV cable.
System Specifications 2.
System Specifications Table 2-2 Wavelength and Laser Power Specifications Measured Output Power Wavelength Main Hub Expansion Hub 1310 nm +20 nm 890 uW 3.
System Specifications 2.6.1 RF End-to-End Performance The following tables list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol. NOTE: The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated up to 10 dB in 1dB steps. 850/1900 RAU Table 2-5 850 MHz RF End-to-End Performance Typical Parameter Downlink Uplink Average gain with 75 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15 Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB) 2.
System Specifications 900/1800 RAU Table 2-7 900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance Typical Parameter Downlink Uplink 15 15 Ripple with 75 m RG-59 (dB) 3 4 Output IP3 (dBm) 38 Average Downlink gain with 75 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) Input IP3 (dBm) Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) –5 26 Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB) 16 Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB) 22 Table 2-8 1800 MHz RF End-to-End Performance Typical Downlink Uplink Average gain with 75 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) P
System Specifications 900/2100 RAU Table 2-9 900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance Typical Parameter Downlink Uplink Average Downlink gain with 75 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15 Ripple with 75 m RG-59 (dB) 3 4 Output IP3 (dBm) 38 Input IP3 (dBm) –5 Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26 Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB) 16 Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB) 22 Table 2-10 2100 MHz RF End-to-End Performance Typical Parameter Downlink Uplink 15 15 Ripple with 75 m RG-59 (dB)
System Specifications Table 2-12 900 MHz (SMR) RF End-to-End Performance Typical Parameter Downlink Uplink Average Downlink gain with 150 m CATV at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15 Ripple with 150 m CATV (dB) 2.
Fusion Main Hub SECTION 3 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 3.1 Fusion Main Hub Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 • Section 3.2 Fusion Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 • Section 3.3 Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 • Section 3.4 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 • Section 3.
Fusion Main Hub Overview Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Fusion System Downlink Path: The Main Hub receives up to 3 individual (Band1, 2, or 3) downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF then to optical and sends them to up to four Expansion Hubs using fiber optic cable. The Main Hub also sends OA&M communication to the Expansion Hubs using the fiber optic cable.
Fusion Main Hub Overview Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram Help Hot Line (U.S.
Fusion Main Hub Front Panel 3.2 Fusion Main Hub Front Panel Figure 3-3 Fusion Main Hub Front Panel 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 6 1. 5 Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4) • One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled UPLINK) • One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output (labeled DOWNLINK) 2. Four sets of fiber port LEDs (one set per port) • One LED per port for port link status and downstream unit status 3.
Fusion Main Hub Front Panel 3.2.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports The optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hubs using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per Expansion Hub.
Fusion Main Hub Front Panel Upon power up, the Main Hub goes through a 20-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 3-1, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly. Upon completion of initialization, the LEDs stay in one of the first two states shown in Table 3-1. The Main Hub automatically sends the program bands command to all connected RAUs.
Fusion Main Hub Front Panel Table 3-1 Fusion Hub Status LED States LED State Indicates POWER STATUS Green • The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating. • The Main Hub is not reporting a fault; however, the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition may exist. Use AdminBrowser to determine this. POWER STATUS Green POWER STATUS Green POWER STATUS Red Green • The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.
Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel 3.3 Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel Figure 3-4 Band 1 UL1 Band 3 Band 2 UL2 Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel UL3 AC Power Alarms DL1 DL3 DL2 1 4 3 5 2 1. AC power cord connector 2. Two air exhaust vents 3. Three N-type, female connectors for each band (Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3): • Uplink (labeled UL1, UL2, and UL3) • Downlink (labeled DL1, DL2, and DL3) 3.3.1 3.3.1.1 4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact alarm monitoring (labeled ALARMS) 5.
Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel Table 3-3 9-pin D-sub Pin Connector Functions Pin Function 1 Alarm Sense Input (DC Ground) 2 Alarm Sense Input 3 3 Alarm Sense Input 2 4 Warning Source Contact (positive connection) 5 Warning Source Contact (negative connection) 6 DC Ground (common) 7 Fault Source Contact (positive connection) 8 Alarm Sense Input 1 9 Fault Source Contact (negative connection) This interface can both generate two source contact alarms (Fault and Warning) and sense 3 single ex
Main Hub Specifications 3.4 Main Hub Specifications Table 3-4 Main Hub Specifications Specification Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × Description D)a: 89 mm x 438 mm x 381 mm (3.5 in. x 17.25 in. x 15 in.) 2U Weight <5.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages 3.5 3.5.1 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages Description The Fusion Main Hub monitors and reports changes or events in system performance to: • Ensure that fiber receivers, amplifiers and IF/RF paths are functioning properly. • Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and functioning properly. An event is classified as fault, warning, or status message. • Faults are service impacting. • Warnings indicate a possible service impact.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages 3.5.2 View Preference AdminBrowser 1.0 or higher enables you to select (using the screen shown in Figure 3-5) the type of events to be displayed. Figure 3-5 Preferences Check Boxes To modify the setting, using AdminBrowser, select Alarms Set Alarm Preference and select the desired choice. After you click OK, AdminBrowser refreshes and updates the tree view according to the new setting. NOTE: The setting is strictly visual and only in AdminBrowser.
Fusion Expansion Hub SECTION 4 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 4.1 Expansion Hub Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 • Section 4.2 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 • Section 4.3 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 • Section 4.4 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 • Section 4.
Expansion Hub Overview Figure 4-2 4-2 CONFIDENTIAL Expansion Hub Block Diagram InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620610-0-20 Rev A
Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.2 Expansion Hub Front Panel Figure 4-3 1 Expansion Hub Front Panel 2 34 5 7 6 8 1. One port LED per type F connector port for link status and downstream RAU status (8 pair total). 2. Eight CATV cable, type F connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) 3. One pair of unit status LEDs • One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER) • One LED for unit status (labeled E-HUB STATUS) 4.
Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.2.1 75 Ohm Type F Connectors The eight type F connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the CATV cables used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use only 75 ohm type F connectors on the CATV cable. The CATV cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 54V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit protects the Hub if any port draws excessive power.
Expansion Hub Front Panel SC/APC fiber connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels. This is critical for ensuring system performance. 4.2.4 LED Indicators The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using AdminBrowser.
Expansion Hub Front Panel Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States (continued) LED State Indicates • A fault condition was detected, optical power received is below minimum. (the Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or the Main Hub’s downlink laser has failed, or the downlink fiber is disconnected or damaged.) POWER EH STATUS DL STATUS UL STATUS Green / Red POWER EH STATUS DL STATUS UL STATUS Green / Green • The Expansion Hub is reporting a fault condition.
Expansion Hub Rear Panel Table 4-2 PORT LED State Indicates Off • The RAU is not connected. Green • The RAU is connected. • No faults from the RAU. PORT PORT Fusion Expansion Hub Port LED States Red (60 PPM) • The RAU was disconnected. • The RAU is not communicating. • The RAU port power is tripped. PORT Red (Steady) 4.3 • The RAU is disconnected. • The RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition. Expansion Hub Rear Panel Figure 4-4 1 Expansion Hub Rear Panel 2 4 1.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages Table 4-3 9-pin D-sub Pin Connector Functions Pin Function 1 Alarm Sense Input (DC Ground) 2 Alarm Sense Input 3 3 Alarm Sense Input 2 4 N/C 5 N/C 6 DC Ground (common) 7 N/C 8 Alarm Sense Input 1 9 N/C This interface can monitor three single external alarm contacts (Alarm Sense Input 1 This interface monitors the output contact closures from a Universal Power Supply (UPS).
Expansion Hub Specifications 4.5 Expansion Hub Specifications Table 4-4 Expansion Hub Specifications Specification Description Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D) 89 mm x 438 mm x 381 mm (3.5 in. x 17.25 in. x 15 in.) 2U Weight < 6.6 kg (< 14.5 lb.
Expansion Hub Specifications 4-10 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620610-0-20 Rev A
Remote Access Unit SECTION 5 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 5.1 RAU Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 • Section 5.2 Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 • Section 5.3 RAU LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 • Section 5.4 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 • Section 5.
RAU Overview Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Fusion System Downlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from a Fusion Hub using 75 Ohm CATV cable. It converts the signals to RF and sends them to a passive RF antenna using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. Also, the RAU receives configuration information from the Fusion Hub using the 75 Ohm CATV cable.
RAU Overview The Fusion RAUs are manufactured to a specific set of bands: one 35 MHz Band 1 (split into two sub-bands 1A and 1B for FSN-809019-1 RAU), and one 75 MHz-Band 2. Table 5-1 lists the Fusion RAUs, the Fusion Band, and the frequency bands they cover.
RAU Overview System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length (All RAUs except 800/900/1900) Table 5-2 Cable Type Zero-loss RF Maximum Length (meters) Distance RF is 10dB Below Input RF (meters) 150 210 CommScope Part Number Plenum Rated Solid Copper Conductor 2065V Yes X 2022V Yes X 120 120* 5572R No X 110 110* 5565 No X 150 210 2279V Yes X 170 230 2275V Yes X 170 175* 5726 No X 170 170* 5765 No X 170 230 2293K Yes X 275 375 2285K Yes X 275 370* 59
Remote Access Unit Connectors Table 5-3 Cable Type System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length for RAUs CommScope Part Number Plenum Rated Solid Copper Conductor 2065V Yes X Copper Clad Conductor Zero-loss RF Maximum Length (meters) Distance Where RF is 10dB Below Input RF (meters) 150 210 RG-59 2022V Yes X 80 80* 5572R No X 70 70* 5565 No X 150 210 2279V Yes X 170 230 2275V Yes X 115 115* 5726 No X 110 110* 5765 No X 170 230 2293K Yes X 275 375 2
RAU LED Indicators NOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only low loss, solid copper center conductor CATV cable with quality F connectors that use captive centerpin conductors. Refer to Appendix A for specific information. 5.3 RAU LED Indicators Upon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.
Faults and Warnings 5.4 Faults and Warnings Both fault and warning conditions are reported to the Fusion Hub where they are stored. Only faults are indicated by the faceplate LEDs. For more information, refer to Appendix C. 5.5 Remote Access Unit Specifications Table 5-5 Remote Access Unit Specifications Specification Description Dimensions (H × W × D) 133.5 mm × 438 mm × 381 mm (5.25 in. × 17.25 in. × 15 in.) Weight < 2.1 kg (< 4.6 lb.
Remote Access Unit Specifications 5-8 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620610-0-20 Rev A
Designing a Fusion Solution SECTION 6 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 • Section 6.2 Downlink RSSI Design Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 • Section 6.3 Maximum Output Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 • Section 6.4 System Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview The design goal is always a stronger signal than the mobile phone needs. It includes inherent factors which affect performance. • RF source (base station or bidirectional amplifier or repeater), type of equipment if possible. 2. Determine the downlink power per carrier from the RF source through the DAS: Refer to Section 6.3, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier,” on page 6-4.
Downlink RSSI Design Goal 6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: Refer to Section 6.8, “Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 6-38. Once you know the quantities of Fusion equipment to be used, you can determine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenuators, circulators, and so on.) required to connect the system to the base station.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3 Maximum Output Power per Carrier The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU 50 Ohm Type-N connector for different frequencies, protocols, and numbers of carriers. These maximum levels are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. In general, as the number of RF carrier increases, the maximum power per carrier decreases.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.1 850 MHz Cellular Cellular Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers AMPS TDMA GSM EDGE CDMA WCDMA 1 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16 15 2 16.5 16.5 13.5 13.5 13 11 3 16.5 15.0 11.5 11.5 11 8 4 13.5 13 10.0 10.0 10.0 6.5 5 12.0 11.5 9.0 9.0 9.0 5.0 6 10.5 10.5 8.5 8.5 8.0 7 9.5 9.5 8.0 8.0 7.5 8 8.5 8.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 9 8.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 10 7.0 7.5 6.5 6.5 11 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 12 6.5 6.5 6.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.2 800 MHz or 900 MHz SMR Table 6-1 Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) - 800MHz/900 MHz No. of Carriers iDEN Analog FM CQPSK C4FM DataTac/ Mobitex POCSAG/ REFLEX 1 16.6/14.5 24.0/23.0 21.0/19.0 24.0/23.0 24.0/23.0 23.0 2 13.0/11.0 19.0/17.0 16.0/14.0 18.5/16.5 18.5/16.5 16.5 3 10.5/8.5 15.5/13.5 13.5/11.5 15.0/13.0 15.0/13.0 13.0 4 9.0/7.0 12.5/10.0 11.5/9.5 12/510.5 12.5/10.5 10.5 5 8.0/6.0 11.0/9.0 10.0/8.0 10.5/8.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.3 900 MHz EGSM and EDGE Table 6-2 GSM/EGSM and EDGE Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers GSM EDGE 1 16.0 16.0 2 13.0 13.0 3 11.0 11.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 9.0 9.0 6 8.0 8.0 7 7.5 7.5 8 7.0 7.0 9 6.5 6.5 10 6.0 6.0 11 5.5 5.5 12 5.0 5.0 13 5.0 5.0 14 4.5 4.5 15 4.0 4.0 16 4.0 4.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.4 1800 MHz DCS Table 6-3 DCS Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers GSM EDGE 1 16.5 16.5 2 14.5 14.5 3 12.5 12.5 4 11.5 11.5 5 10.5 10.5 6 9.5 9.5 7 9.0 9.0 8 8.5 8.0 9 8.0 7.5 10 7.5 7.0 11 7.0 6.5 12 6.5 6.0 13 6.5 6.0 14 6.0 5.5 15 5.5 5.0 16 5.5 5.0 20 4.5 4.0 30 2.5 2.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.5 1900 MHz PCS Table 6-4 PCS Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers TDMA 1 16.5 16.5 2 16.5 15.5 3 15.0 13.5 4 13.0 GSM EDGE CDMA WCDMA 16.5 16.0 15.0 15.5 13.0 11.0 13.5 11.0 8.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 6.5 5.0 5 11.5 11.0 10.5 9.0 6 10.5 10.5 9.5 8.0 7 9.5 10.0 9.0 7.5 8 8.5 9.0 8.0 7.0 9 8.0 8.5 7.5 10 7.5 8.0 7.0 11 7.0 7.5 6.5 12 6.5 7.0 6.0 13 6.5 6.5 6.0 14 6.0 6.5 5.5 15 5.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.6 2.1 GHz UMTS UMTS Power per Carrier Table 6-5 No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) WCDMA 1 15.0 2 11.0 3 8.0 4 6.5 5 5.0 6 4.0 7 3.0 Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping. Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
System Gain 6.4 System Gain The system gain of the Fusion defaults to 0 dB or can be set up to 15 dB in 1 dB increments. In addition, uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently decreased by 10 dB in one dB steps using AdminBrowser. The recommended maximum lengths of CATV cable are as follows: • For RG-59 cable 150 meters for CommScope PN 2065V. • For RG-6 cable 170 meters for CommScope PN 2279V. • For RG-11 cable 275 meters for CommScope PN 2293K.
System Gain System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length (All RAUs except 800/900/1900) Table 6-6 Cable Type CommScope Part Number Plenum Rated Solid Copper Conductor 2065V Yes X Copper Clad Conductor Zero-loss RF Maximum Length (meters) Distance Where RF is 10dB Below Input RF (meters) 150 210 RG-59 2022V Yes X 120 120* 5572R No X 110 110* 5565 No X 150 210 2279V Yes X 170 230 2275V Yes X 170 175* 5726 No X 170 170* 5765 No X 170 230 2293K Yes X 275
System Gain Table 6-7 System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length for 800/900/1900 RAUs Cable Type Zero-loss RF Maximum Length (meters) Distance Where RF is 10dB Below Input RF (meters) 150 210 X 80 80* X 70 70* 150 210 CommScope Part Number Plenum Rated Solid Copper Conductor 2065V Yes X 2022V Yes 5572R No 5565 No X 2279V Yes X 170 230 2275V Yes X 115 115* 5726 No X 110 110* 5765 No X 170 230 2293K Yes X 275 375 Copper Clad Conductor RG-59 RG-6
Estimating RF Coverage 6.5 Estimating RF Coverage The maximum output power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (that is, the RSSI design goal) essentially establish the RF downlink budget and, consequently, the maximum allowable path loss (APL) between the RAU’s antenna and the wireless device.
Estimating RF Coverage 6.5.1 Path Loss Equation In-building path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2): PL = 20log10(4πd0f/c) + 10nlog10(d/d0) + Χs (2) where: • PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna • d = the distance expressed in meters • d0 = free-space path loss distance in meters • f = the operating frequency in Hertz. • c = the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 108 m/sec).
Estimating RF Coverage 6.5.2 RAU Coverage Distance Use equations (1) and (2), on pages 6-14 and 6-15, respectively, to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device. With d0 set to one meter and path loss slope (PLS) defined as 10n, Equation (2) can be simplified to: PL(d) = 20log10(4πf/c) + PLS·log10(d) (3) Table 6-10 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (that is., (20log10(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands.
Estimating RF Coverage Table 6-11 shows estimated PLS for various environments that have different “clutter” (that is, objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, and so.). Table 6-11 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments Environment Type Example PLS for 850/900 MHz PLS for 1800/1900 MHz Open Environment very few RF obstructions Parking Garage, Convention Center 33.7 30.
Estimating RF Coverage Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz SMR Applications Table 6-12 Distance from Antenna Environment Type Meters Feet Open Environment 75 244 Moderately Open Environment 64 208 Mildly Dense Environment 56 184 Moderately Dense Environment 48 156 Dense Environment 40 131 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 850 MHz Cellular Applications Table 6-13 Distance from Antenna Environment Type Meters Feet Open Environment 73 241 Moderately
Estimating RF Coverage Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications Table 6-15 Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 70 231 Moderately Open Environment 60 197 Mildly Dense Environment 53 174 Moderately Dense Environment 45 149 Dense Environment 38 125 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications Table 6-16 Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 75 246 Moderately Open Environment 5
Estimating RF Coverage Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications Table 6-17 Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 72 236 Moderately Open Environment 56 183 Mildly Dense Environment 49 160 Moderately Dense Environment 40 132 Dense Environment 29 96 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.
Estimating RF Coverage 6.5.3 Examples of Design Estimates Example Design Estimate for an 850 MHz TDMA Application 1. Design goals: • Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band) • TDMA provider • 12 TDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.
Estimating RF Coverage Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Fusion equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that two antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor. a. 2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUs b. 16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubs c.
Estimating RF Coverage Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application 1. Design goals: • PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 1900 MHz PCS band) • CDMA provider • 8 CDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.
Estimating RF Coverage 6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Fusion equipment quantities needed. Before you test any RF levels in the building, you can estimate that four antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor. a. 4 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 64 RAUs b. 64 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 8 Expansion Hubs c.
Link Budget Analysis 6.6 Link Budget Analysis A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal. One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier explained in Section 6.3.
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-19 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems Consideration Description BTS Transmit Power The power per carrier transmitted from the base station output Attenuation between BTS and Fusion This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 6.3.
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-19 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued) Consideration Description Log-normal Fade Margin This margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct path between the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, the effects of shadowing are partially accounted for since it is characterized by relatively slow changes in power level. Body Loss This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the user’s head and body.
Link Budget Analysis 6.6.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Table 6-20 Line Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) b. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion (dB) c. Power into Fusion (dBm) d. Fusion gain (dB) e. Antenna gain (dBi) f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 33 –23 10 0 3 13 Airlink g. Multipath fade margin (dB) h. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std.
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-21 Line Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) 4 b. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion (dB) –10 c. Fusion gain (dB) d. Fusion noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 0 e. System noise figure (dB) 22.6 f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129 g. Required C/I ratio (dB) h. Antenna gain (dBi) i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) 22 12 3 –97.4 Airlink j. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6 k. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std.
Link Budget Analysis 6.6.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because you must consider the spread spectrum nature of CDMA. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level remains unchanged.
Link Budget Analysis PTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008) where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile. The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 6-23 on page 6-31).
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-23 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA (continued) Consideration Description Eb/No This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. It’s the CDMA equivalent of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobile’s receiver and the multipath environment.
Link Budget Analysis 6.6.4 CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Table 6-24 Line CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) 30.0 b. Voice activity factor 50% c. Composite power (dBm) 40.0 d. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion (dB) –24 e. Power per channel into Fusion (dBm) 9.0 f. Composite power into Fusion (dBm) 16.0 g. Fusion gain (dB) h. Antenna gain (dBi) i. Radiated power per channel (dBm) 12.
Link Budget Analysis • b and c: see notes in Table 6-23 regarding power per carrier, downlink • e=a+d • f=c+d • i=e+g+h • j=f+g+h • p = –k + l + m + n + o • s=q+r • v=s+t+u • w=j–p–v • x = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P where P = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular –76 dB for PCS 6-34 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620610-0-20 Rev A
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-25 Line CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) b. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion (dB) 3.0 –30.0 c. Fusion gain (dB) d. Fusion noise figure (dB) 22.0 0.0 e. System noise figure (dB) 33.3 f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0 g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) i. Information rate (dB/Hz) j. Required Eb/(No+lo) 5.0 k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0 l. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0 m.
Link Budget Analysis • e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula Fsys = F1 + F2 – 1 G1 + F3 – 1 G1G2 + .... where F = 10 (Noise Figure/10) G = 10(Gain/10) (See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.) • h=e+f+g • m = h + i + j –k – l • r=n+o+p+q • t=s–r–m 6.6.
Optical Power Budget 6.7 Optical Power Budget Fusion uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as elements of the optical power budget. The reason is that when the optical power budget is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place. The Fusion optical power budget for both multi-mode and single-mode fiber cable is 3.0 dB (optical).
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6.8 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station The Fusion system supports up to three RF sources: one for Band 1, one for Band 2, and one for Band 3. This section explains how each band can be connected to its associated base station. Each Fusion Main Hub band has separate system gain parameters. For example, Band 1 can be set for +5 dB of downlink system gain while Band 2 can have +15 dB of downlink system gain.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station inputs. This SNR can not be better than the SNR of Fusion by itself, although it can be significantly worse. A good rule of thumb is to set the uplink attenuation such that the noise level out of Fusion is within 10 dB of the base station’s sensitivity. 6.8.2 RAU Attenuation and ALC The RAU attenuation and ALC are set using the AdminBrowser Edit Unit Properties screen. Embedded within the uplink RF front-end of each Fusion RAU band is an ALC circuit.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station Figure 6-2 ALC Operation Input Signal Level Activation Level -30dBm Output Signal Level 4 Release Level -45dBm 3 1 2 Attack Phase Hold Phase 5 Release Phase Time 6.8.2.1 Using the RAU 10 dB Attenuation Setting Each RAU band can, independently of the other RAUs in a system, have its uplink or downlink gain attenuated by 10dB in 1dB steps for each RAU band (1, 2, or 3).
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6.8.2.2 Using the Uplink ALC Setting Uplink automatic level control (UL ALC) circuitry for each band within the RAU provides automatic level control on high-power signals in the uplink path. This functionality is required to prevent RF signal compression caused by a single or multiple wireless devices in very close proximity to the RAU band. Compression causes signal degradation and, ultimately, dropped calls and data errors, and should be prevented.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6-42 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620610-0-20 Rev A
