SAS, SATA, and SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User’s Guide
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Contents About This Guide What You Need to Know Before You Begin ................................................... 12 Terminology Used in this Guide ...................................................................... 12 How to Find More Information....................................................................... 12 Kit Contents and System Requirements Kit Contents ...................................................................................................... 14 System Requirements........
Contents ● 7 Selecting Cables ................................................................................................. 30 SAS Cables................................................................................................... 30 SATA Cables................................................................................................ 31 SCSI Cables ................................................................................................. 31 Installation Options ....................
Contents ● 8 Installing on NetWare....................................................................................... 53 Installing on OpenServer .................................................................................. 54 Installing on UnixWare .................................................................................... 54 Installing on Solaris........................................................................................... 55 Installing on FreeBSD ........................
Contents ● 9 Understanding RAID Understanding Drive Segments ....................................................................... 71 Nonredundant Arrays (RAID 0) ...................................................................... 71 RAID 1 Arrays ................................................................................................... 72 RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays.................................................................................. 72 RAID 10 Arrays ..............................
Contents ● 10 Using the ICP Flash Utility System Requirements........................................................................................ 99 Before You Begin............................................................................................... 99 Obtaining the Firmware ............................................................................. 99 Creating the Firmware Floppy Disks ....................................................... 100 Running the Menu-based IFU ...............
1 About This Guide In this chapter... What You Need to Know Before You Begin .......................................................................... 12 Terminology Used in this Guide............................................................................................ 12 How to Find More Information ............................................................................................ 12 This Installation and User’s Guide explains how to install your ICP RAID controller.
Chapter 1: About This Guide ● 12 What You Need to Know Before You Begin You should be familiar with computer hardware, data storage, RAID technology, and the input/output (I/O) technology—Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), SAS, or Serial ATA (SATA)—used by your controller. (For an introduction to SAS, see page 63.
Kit Contents and System Requirements 2 In this chapter... Kit Contents............................................................................................................................ 14 System Requirements ............................................................................................................. 14 This chapter lists the contents of your ICP RAID controller kit and the system requirements that must be met for you to successfully install and use your controller.
Chapter 2: Kit Contents and System Requirements ● 14 Kit Contents ● ICP RAID controller ● RAID Installation CD (bootable), including controller drivers, and this Guide ● ICP Storage Manager Installation CD (not bootable), including user guides for ICP Storage Manager and the ARCCONF command line utility ● Cables (type and quantity vary—for cable information about your controller, visitthe ICP Web site at www.icp-vortex.com or the Adaptec Web site at www.adaptec.com.
Chapter 2: Kit Contents and System Requirements ● 20 MB of free disk drive space ● 16-bit SVGA color monitor with a resolution of at least 800 x 600 ● CD drive ● 15
About Your RAID Controller 3 In this chapter... Standard RAID Controller Features ...................................................................................... 17 Adding a Battery Backup Module ......................................................................................... 18 Upgrading the Controller Firmware ..................................................................................... 18 About the ICP5445AU ......................................................................
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 17 Standard RAID Controller Features ● Flash ROM for updates to controller firmware, BIOS, and the ICP RAID Configuration utility ● Disk drive hot-swapping ● Event logging and broadcasting including email and SNMP messages ● Multiple options for creating and managing RAID arrays—A full software application (ICP Storage Manager), a BIOS-based utility, a command line utility, and a DOS utility. See Managing Your Storage Space on page 56 for more information.
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● ● 18 Dual Drive Failure Protection (RAID 601)—A RAID 60 array is similar to a RAID 50 array except that it includes four independent sets of parity data instead of two. Adding a Battery Backup Module This table shows the battery model supported by your ICP RAID controller.
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 19 About the ICP5445AU The ICP5445AU is a low-profile SAS RAID controller with these features: Activity LED connector Alarm connector 1 internal mini-SAS connector Battery connector Mode 0 Flash connector PCIe connector 1 external mini-SAS connector Mounting bracket Bus compatibility PCIe x8 I/O processor clock frequency 250 MHz Standard cache 256 MB DDR2 Maximum number of disk drives 8 (or up to 128 with expanders) External Connector mini-SAS 4x multila
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● About the ICP5085AU The ICP5085AU is a SAS RAID controller with these features: Activity LED connector (for individual ports) Sum Activity LED connector 2 internal mini-SAS connectors I2C connectors Battery connector Mode 0 Flash connector Alarm connector PCIe connector Mounting bracket Bus compatibility PCIe x8 I/O processor clock frequency 250 MHz Standard cache 256 MB DDR2 Maximum number of disk drives 8 Internal Connector 2x mini-SAS 4x multilane (SFF-
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 21 About the ICP9085LI The ICP9085LI is a SAS RAID controller with these features: Alarm connector Mounting bracket Mode 0 Flash connector Two 4-wide internal SAS connectors Activity LED connector (top 2 left/right pins) 1 external SAS connector Battery connector PCI-X connector Bus compatibility PCI-X Maximum bus width 64-bit Maximum bus speed 133 MHz I/O processor clock frequency 800 MHz Standard cache 256 MB DDR2 Maximum number of disk drives 8
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 22 About the ICP5085BR The ICP5085BR is a SAS RAID controller with these features: Alarm connector Mounting bracket Mode 0 Flash connector Two 4-wide internal SAS connectors Activity LED connector (top 2 left/right pins) 1 external SAS connector Battery connector PCIe connector Bus compatibility PCIe x8 I/O processor clock frequency 800 MHz Standard cache 256 MB DDR2 Maximum number of disk drives 8 (or up to 128 with expanders) External Connector min
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 23 About the ICP9047MA The ICP9047MA is a SATA II RAID controller with these features: Activity LED connector SATA ports 0 1 2 3 Mode 0 Flash connector LED connector I2C connector Battery connector PCI-X connector Mounting bracket Bus compatibility PCI-X, 3.
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 24 About the ICP9087MA The ICP9087MA is a SATA II RAID controller with these features: Activity LED connector 0 1 2 3 4 SATA ports 7 6 5 Mode 0 Flash connector LED connectors I2C connector Battery connector PCI-X connector Mounting bracket Bus compatibility PCI-X, 3.
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 25 About the ICP9014RO The ICP9014RO is a low-profile SCSI controller with these features: Mode 0 Flash connector 1 internal HD SCSI connector Battery connector Mounting bracket 1 external VHDCI SCSI connector PCI/PCI-X connector Bus compatibility PCI / PCI-X, 3.
Chapter 3: About Your RAID Controller ● 26 About the ICP9024RO The ICP9024RO is a low-profile SCSI controller with these features: Mode 0 Flash connector Battery connector 2 internal HD SCSI connectors 2 external VHDCI SCSI connectors PCI/PCI-X connector Mounting bracket Bus compatibility PCI / PCI-X, 3.
Getting Started 4 In this chapter... Choosing a RAID Level.......................................................................................................... 28 Selecting Disk Drives.............................................................................................................. 29 Selecting Cables ...................................................................................................................... 30 Installation Options ..............................................
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 28 Choosing a RAID Level This section provides a brief overview of the RAID levels supported by your ICP RAID controller, including the minimum and maximum number of disk drives required by each. ● RAID 0 (Non-redundant Array)—Stripes data across multiple disk drives. Improved performance but no redundancy (see page 71). ● RAID 1 Array—Created from two disk drives where one disk drive is a mirror of the other (the same data is stored on each disk drive).
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 29 Selecting Disk Drives When selecting disk drives for your RAID array, ensure that all the disk drives have the same performance level. You can use different-sized disk drives in the array, but the array will be limited to the capacity of the smallest and slowest disk drive. For more information, refer to the ICP Storage Manager User’s Guide or online Help. Disk Drives for SAS Controllers Your SAS controller supports both SAS and SATA disk drives.
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 30 Selecting Cables This section describes the cable options and requirements for your ICP controller: ● For SAS cables, see this page. ● SATA cables, see page 31. ● SCSI cables, see page 31. SAS Cables You need one SAS cable for each disk drive you are connecting to your ICP SAS RAID controller. Depending on your requirements, you can use any of these cables: External cable (SFF-8470 to SFF-8470)—Connects to an external SAS enclosure.
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 31 Internal mini-SAS to SATA fan-out (SFF-8087 to 4x SATA)— Connects to four SATA disk drives. Cable connectors are keyed so that you can’t insert them incorrectly. ICP recommends using only high quality SAScables. For more information or to purchase cables, visitthe ICP Web site at www.icp-vortex.com or the Adaptec Web site at www.adaptec.com.
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 32 ICP recommends using only ICP SCSI cables. For more information or to purchase cables, visitthe ICP Web site at www.icp-vortex.com or the Adaptec Web site at www.adaptec.com. Installation Options When you install your ICP controller, you can choose to create a bootable array and then install your operating system and the controller driver on that array.
Installing the Controller and Disk Drives 5 In this chapter... Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 34 Installing the Controller......................................................................................................... 34 Connecting Disk Drives to SAS RAID Controllers............................................................... 35 Connecting Disk Drives to SATA RAID Controllers ..............
Chapter 5: Installing the Controller and Disk Drives ● 34 Before You Begin ● Read Safety Information on page 105. ● Familiarize yourself with your ICP RAID controller’s physical features and the RAID levels that it supports (see page 16). ● Ensure you have the right quantity of disk drives for the RAID level you want to use for your arrays (see page 29). ● Ensure that you have the proper cables for your controller and disk drives (see page 30).
Chapter 5: Installing the Controller and Disk Drives ● For SATA RAID controllers, see page 37. ● For SCSI RAID controllers, see page 38. ● 35 If you are not installing internal disk drives, close your computer cabinet, reattach the power cord, then continue with Connecting External Devices on page 38. Connecting Disk Drives to SAS RAID Controllers You can connect SAS disk drives, SATA disk drives, or a combination of both to your SAS RAID controller.
Chapter 5: Installing the Controller and Disk Drives 2 ● 36 Use internal SAS or mini-SAS cables to attach the disk drives to the controller.
Chapter 5: Installing the Controller and Disk Drives ● 37 Connecting to a System Backplane In a backplane connection, disk drives and SAS cards are attached to and communicate with each other through a system backplane. The number of disk drives is limited to the number of slots available on the backplane. Some backplanes have embedded SAS expanders and can support up to 128 end devices. (For more information about backplane and expander connections, see page 67.
Chapter 5: Installing the Controller and Disk Drives ● 38 Connecting Disk Drives to SCSI RAID Controllers 1 For each controller channel, set the SCSI ID of each disk drive to a unique number between 0 and 15. The controller is set to ID 7 by default. Although not recommended, you can change the controller ID by using the ICP RAID Configuration utility (see page 79). Note: Do not change the controller ID unless absolutely necessary.
Chapter 5: Installing the Controller and Disk Drives ● 39 Monitoring Disk Drives with ICP Storage Manager ICP Storage Manager allows you to monitor the status of your SAS, SATA, or SCSI disk drives. Within ICP Storage Manager, you can select a disk drive object and a command will be sent to the backplane (for internal disk drives) or enclosure (for external disk drives). The LED associated with that disk drive will flash. The following table describes the LED flash states.
Creating a Bootable Array 6 In this chapter... Setting the Boot Controller.................................................................................................... 41 Creating an Array ................................................................................................................... 41 Making Your Array Bootable .................................................................................................
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array ● 41 Setting the Boot Controller Note: If your system won’t contain more than one bootable controller, skip to the next section, Creating an Array. Your ICP RAID controller supports bootable disk drives and bootable arrays. To enable your system to boot from either a disk drive or an array connected to your controller: 1 Enter the system setup. 2 Navigate to the drive boot sequence. 3 Move the boot controller to the top of the list.
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array 5 ● 42 Select at least three disk drives for the array, press Insert for each selected disk drive, then press Enter. ! Caution: During initialization, all data is deleted from the disk. Before continuing, back up any data you want to keep. 6 Press Y, then press Enter. The selected disk drives are initialized, then the ACU screen appears. 7 Select Create Array, then press Enter.
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array ● Creating an Array with ICP Storage Manager This section describes how to use the ICP Storage Manager configuration wizard to build a RAID 5 array. Note: You will need the ICP Storage Manager Installation CD to complete this task. To create a RAID 5 array: 1 Insert the ICP Storage Manager Installation CD into your CD drive, then restart your computer. 2 When prompted, select the language you want, then press Enter.
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array 7 ● 44 Review the information that is displayed. Note: In DAS environments, ICP Storage Manager uses the term logical drives when referring to arrays (see page 12). In this example, ICP Storage Manager has used thirteen equal-sized disk drives to automatically create one logical drive with RAID 5 and a hot spare.
Installing the Driver and an Operating System 7 In this chapter... Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 46 Creating a Driver Disk ........................................................................................................... 46 Installing with Windows ........................................................................................................ 47 Installing with Red Hat Linux .........
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 46 Before You Begin ● Install and connect your ICP RAID controller and internal disk drives (see page 33). ● Create a bootable array (see page 40). ● Create a driver disk (see the following section). Creating a Driver Disk Note: You will need a floppy disk to complete this task. To create a driver disk: 1 Set your system BIOS so that your computer boots from the CD drive. (For instructions, refer to your computer’s documentation.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 47 Installing with Windows Note: You will need your Windows Installation CD to complete this task. To install the ICP RAID controller driver while installing Windows: 1 Insert your Windows CD, then restart the computer. 2 Follow the on-screen instructions to begin the Windows installation. 3 When prompted to install a third-party driver, press F6. Note: When F6 is active, a prompt appears at the bottom of the screen for only 5 seconds.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 48 Installing with SUSE Linux To install the ICP RAID controller driver while installing SUSE Linux: 1 Insert the first SUSE Installation CD. 2 Restart your computer. 3 When the SUSE installation selection screen appears, choose the type of installation you want, then press the F6 key to indicate the use of a driver disk. (If F6 is not shown on the screen, you may have an older version of SUSE; press the Alt key instead.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System 8 ● 49 From the lower window menu, select Continue, then press Enter. If the driver installation process fails, the server console is displayed so you can see the cause of the failure. To modify disk partitions, apply hot fixes, or perform volume maintenance, refer to your NetWare documentation. 9 Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 56.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 50 Installing with FreeBSD Note: You will need your FreeBSD Installation CD to complete this task. To install the driver when installing FreeBSD: 1 Insert the FreeBSD Installation CD. 2 Restart your computer. 3 When the FreeBSD start screen appears, select 6 to escape to loader prompt. 4 Type load kernel. 5 Type load disk0:aacu.ko. If the driver fails to load, run lsdev and check for the floppy disk drive.
Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System 8 In this chapter... Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 52 Creating a Driver Disk ........................................................................................................... 52 Installing on Windows ...........................................................................................................
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System ● 52 Before You Begin Before you begin, install and connect your ICP RAID controller and internal disk drives (see page 33). You must also create a driver disk (see page 46) before you begin installing the controller driver. Creating a Driver Disk Note: You will need a floppy disk to complete this task. To create a driver disk: 1 Set your system BIOS so that your computer boots from the CD drive.
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System ● 53 Installing on Windows To install the driver on Windows: 1 Start or restart Windows. The Found New Hardware Wizard opens and searches for the driver. 2 Insert the driver disk, select Floppy drive, then click Next. 3 Click Next, then click Next again. 4 Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the driver installation. 5 Remove the driver disk and restart your computer.
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System 8 At the Driver Name menu, press the Insert key. 9 Insert the driver disk, press the Insert key, then press F3. ● 54 10 At the A:\ prompt, press Enter. The driver installs. 11 At the Additional Driver Option menu, select Return to driver summary, then press Enter. 12 At the Driver type menu, select Load on Additional Driver Options. 13 After the driver loads, select Continue. 14 Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 56.
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System ● 55 Installing on Solaris To install the driver on Solaris: 1 Start your computer. 2 Insert and mount the driver disk: volcheck 3 Change to the driver installer directory: cd /floppy/floppy0/DU/sol_210/i86pc/Tools 4 Start the driver installer: ./install.sh -i 5 Reboot your computer, then remove the driver disk. 6 Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 56.
Managing Your Storage Space 9 In this chapter... About ICP Storage Manager .................................................................................................. 57 About the Adaptec RAID Controller Configuration Utility ................................................ 57 About the ICP RAID Configuration Utility.......................................................................... 58 About the ICP Flash Utility ..............................................................................
Chapter 9: Managing Your Storage Space ● 57 About ICP Storage Manager Note: Currently, ICP Storage Manager is not supported on Solaris or FreeBSD. To create and manage arrays, use the ICP RAID Configuration utility. See page 58 for more information. ICP Storage Manager is a full-featured software application that helps you build a storage space for your online data, using ICP RAID controllers and disk drives.
Chapter 9: Managing Your Storage Space ● 58 About the ICP RAID Configuration Utility The ICP RAID Configuration utility is a BIOS-based utility that you can use to create and manage controllers, disk drives and other devices, and arrays. The ICP RAID Configuration utility comprises these tools: ● Array Configuration Utility (ACU)—For creating and managing arrays, and initializing and rescanning disk drives. (ACU for DOS is also available. See page 87.
Solving Problems 10 In this chapter... Troubleshooting Checklist ..................................................................................................... 60 Silencing the Alarm ................................................................................................................ 60 Recovering from a Disk Drive Failure ................................................................................... 60 Resetting the Controller.......................................................
Chapter 10: Solving Problems ● 60 Troubleshooting Checklist If you encounter difficulties installing or using your ICP RAID controller, check these items first: ● With your computer powered off, check the connections to each disk drive, power supply, LED connector, and so on. Try disconnecting and reconnecting disk drives from the ICP RAID controller. ● Check that your ICP RAID controller is installed in a compatible expansion slot (PCI, PCIX, or PCIe).
Chapter 10: Solving Problems ● 61 Failed Disk Drive Protected by a Hot Spare When an array is protected by a hot spare, if a disk drive in that array fails the hot spare is automatically incorporated into the array and takes over for the failed drive. To recover from the failure: 1 Remove and replace the failed disk drive (following manufacturer’s instructions).
Chapter 10: Solving Problems ● 62 Multiple Failures in the Same Array Except in RAID 6 and RAID 60 arrays (see page 70), if more than one disk drive fails at the same time in the same array, the data can’t be recovered. Correct the cause of the failure or replace the failed disk drives. Then, restore your data (if available). Note: In some instances, RAID 10 and RAID 50 arrays may survive multiple disk drive failures, depending on which disk drives fail.
Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI A In this appendix... Terminology Used in This Chapter ....................................................................................... 64 What is SAS? ........................................................................................................................... 64 How Do SAS Devices Communicate? ................................................................................... 65 What’s a Phy? .....................................................
Appendix A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI ● 64 Terminology Used in This Chapter For convenience, SAS HBAs and SAS RAID controllers are referred to generically in this chapter as SAS cards. HBAs, RAID controllers, disk drives, and external disk drive enclosures are referred to as end devices and expanders are referred to as expander devices. For convenience, this chapter refers to end devices and expander devices collectively as SAS devices.
Appendix A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI ● 65 How Do SAS Devices Communicate? SAS devices communicate with each other through links. A link is a physical connection between two phys. As shown in the following figure, SAS devices contain ports (see page 66), ports contain phys, and each phy contains one transmitter and one receiver—one transceiver. A phy can belong to one port only.
Appendix A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI ● 66 What’s a SAS Port? Note: Because the physical link between SAS devices is from phy to phy, rather than port to port, a “port” is more of a virtual concept, different from what is normally considered a port on other types of RAID controllers and storage devices. A port is one or more phys. A narrow port contains one phy. A wide port typically contains four phys.
Appendix A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI ● 67 How are Disk Drives Identified in SAS? In the BIOS and in the management utilities (see page 56), disk drives are identified with numbers in this format: XX:YY:ZZ where XX is the disk drive count number, YY is the enclosure number, and ZZ is the slot number (within the enclosure). If the disk drive is not installed in an enclosure, a double dashes (--) appear instead of YY and ZZ (for instance, 01:--:--).
Appendix A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI ● 68 SAS Expander Connections A SAS expander device literally expands the number of end devices that you can connect together. Expander devices, typically embedded into a system backplane (see page 67), support large configurations of SAS end devices, including SAS cards and SAS and SATA disk drives. With expander devices, you can build large and complex storage topologies. There are two types of SAS expanders: fanout expanders and edge expanders.
Appendix A: Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI ● 69 How is SAS Different from Parallel SCSI? In summary, although SAS and parallel SCSI both use the SCSI command set, how they move data from one place to another is very different. To support point-to-point serial data transport, SAS introduces new types of connectors, cables, connection options, and terminology. Generally speaking, SAS is faster and more flexible than parallel SCSI, and provides more options for building your storage space.
Understanding RAID B In this appendix... Understanding Drive Segments............................................................................................. 71 Nonredundant Arrays (RAID 0) ........................................................................................... 71 RAID 1 Arrays ........................................................................................................................ 72 RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays...........................................................
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 71 Understanding Drive Segments A drive segment is a disk drive or portion of a disk drive that is used to create an array. A disk drive can include both RAID segments (segments that are part of an array) and available segments. Each segment can be part of only one logical device at a time. If a disk drive is not part of any logical device, the entire disk is an available segment.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 72 RAID 1 Arrays A RAID 1 array is built from two disk drives, where one disk drive is a mirror of the other (the same data is stored on each disk drive). Compared to independent disk drives, RAID 1 arrays provide improved performance, with twice the read rate and an equal write rate of single disks. However, capacity is only 50 percent of independent disk drives.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 73 RAID 10 Arrays A RAID 10 array is built from two or more equal-sized RAID 1 arrays. Data in a RAID 10 array is both striped and mirrored. Mirroring provides data protection, and striping improves performance. Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 74 RAID 5 Arrays A RAID 5 array is built from a minimum of three disk drives, and uses data striping and parity data to provide redundancy. Parity data provides data protection, and striping improves performance. Parity data is an error-correcting redundancy that’s used to re-create data if a disk drive fails. In RAID 5 arrays, parity data (represented by Ps in the next figure) is striped evenly across the disk drives with the stored data.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 75 RAID 5EE Arrays A RAID 5EE array—also known as a hot space—is similar to a RAID 5 array except that it includes a distributed spare drive and must be built from a minimum of four disk drives. Unlike a hot spare, a distributed spare is striped evenly across the disk drives with the stored data and parity data, and can’t be shared with other logical disk drives. A distributed spare improves the speed at which the array is rebuilt following a disk drive failure.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 76 RAID 50 Arrays A RAID 50 array is built from six to forty-eight disk drives configured as two or more RAID 5 arrays, and stripes stored data and parity data across all disk drives in both RAID 5 arrays. (For more information, see RAID 5 Arrays on page 74.) Note: Because they support four disk drives only, the ICP9047MA RAID controller can’t support RAID 50 arrays. The parity data provides data protection, and striping improves performance.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 77 RAID 6 Arrays A RAID 6 array—also known as dual drive failure protection—is similar to a RAID 5 array because it uses data striping and parity data to provide redundancy. However, RAID 6 arrays include two independent sets of parity data instead of one. Both sets of parity data are striped separately across all disk drives in the array. RAID 6 arrays provide extra protection for your data because they can recover from two simultaneous disk drive failures.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 78 Selecting the Best RAID Level Use this table to select the RAID levels that are most appropriate for the logical drives on your storage space, based on the number of available disk drives and your requirements for performance and reliability.
Using the ICP RAID Configuration Utility C In this appendix... Introduction to the ICP RAID Configuration Utility .......................................................... 80 Running the ICP RAID Configuration Utility...................................................................... 80 Using the ACU to Create and Manage Arrays ...................................................................... 80 Using the -Select Utility to Modify Controller Settings .............................................
Appendix C: Using the ICP RAID Configuration Utility ● 80 Introduction to the ICP RAID Configuration Utility The ICP RAID Configuration utility comprises these tools: ● The Array Configuration Utility (ACU)—For creating and managing arrays, and initializing and rescanning disk drives (see page 80). Note: Also available—ACU for DOS. See page 87. ● A -Select Utility—SerialSelect, SATASelect, or SCSISelect, for modifying your controller and disk drive settings (see page 82).
Appendix C: Using the ICP RAID Configuration Utility ● 81 Managing Existing Arrays To view or modify existing arrays, select Manage Arrays from the main ACU menu. From the Manage Arrays menu, you can: ● View the properties of an array. Note: Failed drives are displayed in a different text color. ● Make an array bootable (see Creating Bootable Arrays on page 81). ● Assign or remove hot spares. ● Delete an array. ! Caution: Before deleting an array, back up the data to avoid permanently losing it.
Appendix C: Using the ICP RAID Configuration Utility ● 82 Secure Erasing Disk Drives When you perform a secure erase on a disk drive, all data on that disk drive is completely and irretrievably eradicated. Secure erase performs three distinct writing passes to the disk drive being erased—it does not just write zeros. Performing a secure erase takes up to six times longer than clearing (or zeroing) a disk drive.
Appendix C: Using the ICP RAID Configuration Utility ● 83 Modifying Your Controller’s Configuration Note: Default controller settings are suitable for most computers. ICP recommends that you do not change the default setting. To modify your controller’s settings, select Controller Configuration from the main -Select utility menu. The following table lists controller configuration options. Some options may not be available for your controller.
Appendix C: Using the ICP RAID Configuration Utility ● 84 SAS-specific Controller Settings In addition to the general settings listed on page 83, your ICP SAS controller has SAS-specific settings that can be modified if required. (For more information about SAS, see page 63.) To modify SAS-specific settings, select PHY Configuration from the SerialSelect main menu. Note: Default settings are shown in bold type. Option Description PHY Rate The data transfer rate between the controller and devices.
Appendix C: Using the ICP RAID Configuration Utility ● 85 SCSI-specific Controller Settings In addition to the general settings listed on page 83, your ICP SCSI controller has SCSI-specific settings that can be modified if required. To modify SCSI-specific settings, select SCSI Configuration from the SCSISelect main menu. SCSI Device Settings You can use SCSISelect to modify some of the settings on the SCSI devices connected to your SCSI controller.
Appendix C: Using the ICP RAID Configuration Utility ● 86 Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives You can use the disk utilities to low-level format or verify your disk drives. (New disk drives are low-level formatted at the factory and do not need to be low-level formatted again.) ! Caution: Before you format a disk drive, back up all data. Formatting destroys all data on a disk drive. To format or verify a disk drive: 1 Start the ICP RAID Configuration utility (see page 80).
Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS D In this appendix... Getting Started ....................................................................................................................... 88 Working in the ACU Using Menus........................................................................................ 88 Running the ACU Using Scripts............................................................................................
Appendix D: Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS ● 88 Getting Started Note: You need a bootable floppy disk to complete this task. The ACU for DOS runs from a floppy disk which you can create using the RAID Installation CD that came in your ICP RAID controller kit. To create the ACU floppy disk: 1 Insert your RAID Installation CD into the CD drive, then browse to this file: packages/firmware/controllermodel/acu.exe Where controllermodel is the model number of your ICP RAID controller.
Appendix D: Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS ● 89 Running the ACU Using Scripts To work in the ACU using scripts: 1 Insert the ACU floppy disk (see page 88), then start or restart your computer. The computer boots to the DOS command line. 2 Type ACU on the command line, specify a script file, and specify either the /P or /R switches listed in the following table. (Don’t specify both.) You may also add one or both of the optional switches. Note: Command line syntax is not case sensitive.
Appendix D: Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS ● 90 About Record Mode Note: You can also create a script file manually (see the following section). In Record Mode, the ACU writes a RAID controller’s existing array configuration to a specified script file, which lets you create the same configuration by running the ACU in Playback Mode (/P switch) with the resulting script. You can only record one RAID controller at a time with Record Mode.
Appendix D: Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS ● 91 Array Definition Block Keywords The array definition block always begins with the keyword Array and ends with the keyword End. The other required array definition keywords are Drives and Type. Array definition keywords and descriptions are listed in this table. Keyword Required? Description Array Yes Indicates the start of an array definition block. No default. See page 91.
Appendix D: Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS ● 92 End Keyword End is a required keyword, indicating the end of the block. HotspareDrives Keyword Hotspare Drives is an optional keyword, specifying the hot spares to assign to the array. The syntax for listing hot spares is the same as the Drives Keyword on page 91. If Hotspare Drives is not specified, no hot spares are assigned to the array.
Appendix D: Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS ● 93 Method Keyword Method is an optional keyword, indicating which method to use when creating a redundant (RAID 1, 5, and 10) array. Possible values: ● Build (the default)—Perform a Build/Verify process on the array. Takes longer than Clear, but allows you to begin using the array immediately. ● Clear—Clear the array.
Appendix D: Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS ● 94 Type Keyword Type is a required keyword, indicating the array type. There is no default value. The possible values: Volume, RAID0, RAID1, RAID5, RAID10, or RAID50. Depending on the RAID levels supported by your RAID controller, additional possible values are: RAID1E, RAID5EE, RAID6, RAID60.
Appendix D: Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS ● 95 ControllerID Keyword ControllerID is an optional keyword to change the SCSI ID of the controller. Normally, the SCSI controller is assigned SCSI ID 7 on each of its channels. You can specify any ID value between 0 and 7. ! Caution: Do not change the SCSI ID of the controller unless directed to do so by ICP Technical Support. For example: ControllerID=7 End Keyword End is a required keyword, indicating the end of the block.
Appendix D: Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS ● 96 Sample Scripts This MS-DOS command invokes the ACU and creates arrays on controller 1 based on the array keywords defined in the script file A:\RAID.ACU. It also configures Channel 0 and saves a log of the operation in the log file C:\RAID.LOG: A:\> ACU /P A:\RAID.ACU /L C:\RAID.LOG /C1 Sample Scripts for SCSI and SAS Controllers Note: For a sample script for a SATA controller, see page 97. This sample script file is a sample RAID.
Appendix D: Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS ● 97 Sample Script for SATA Controllers This is a sample ACU file that will initialize all disk drives connected to the SATA controller and create a RAID 5 array with the disk drives on ports 0, 1, and 2. Controller= 0,5:7:0 Controller Name=ICP ICP9087MA Subsystem ID=0x2A1 Firmware Version=V5.1-0[6792] Total Ports=8 Port 0 = 0:0:0 Maxtor 279.479GB 279.395GB Port 1 = 0:1:0 Maxtor 279.479GB 279.395GB Port 2 = 0:2:0 Maxtor 279.479GB 279.
Using the ICP Flash Utility E In this appendix... System Requirements ............................................................................................................. 99 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 99 Running the Menu-based IFU............................................................................................. 100 Running the IFU from the Command Line............................
Appendix E: Using the ICP Flash Utility ● 99 System Requirements ● MS–DOS version 5.0 or later. Note: You can’t run the IFU from a DOS command prompt window under any version of Windows. ● At least 8 MB of extended memory. Compatibility Notes ● Supports HIMEM.SYS; compatible with other DOS drivers running under HIMEM.SYS (for example, SMARTDRV.SYS and SETVER.SYS). ● Does not support DOS extenders installed in memory, such as EMM386.SYS and DOS4GW.
Appendix E: Using the ICP Flash Utility ● 100 Creating the Firmware Floppy Disks Note: You will need at least two bootable MS-DOS floppy disks to complete this task. You can’t create a bootable floppy disk using Windows 2000. To create the firmware floppy disks: 1 Create a bootable MS–DOS floppy disk and copy these files to it: ● IFU.exe ● ICxxxx01.ufi where xxx is the model number of your controller. Note: Most controller model numbers have a suffix (for example ICP5085AU). Check that the .
Appendix E: Using the ICP Flash Utility 6 ● 101 Complete the flash operation and restart your computer before trying to use the RAID controller again. (You can not use your RAID controller while you are updating its flash.) Running the IFU from the Command Line Note: You can also run a menu-based IFU (see page 100). To run the IFU from the command line: 1 Power off your computer, insert the first IFU floppy disk, then power on your computer.
Appendix E: Using the ICP Flash Utility ● 102 These switches are available: ● /C —One or more RAID controller IDs representing the set of RAID controllers on which to perform the specified command. The default is 0; if the computer has multiple RAID controllers, the IFU defaults to controller 0 unless you specify otherwise.
Appendix E: Using the ICP Flash Utility ● 103 Verify Compares the contents of each of the flash components on a RAID controller to the corresponding image in a UFI file, and indicates whether they match. After using the VERIFY command, you must restart the computer. The command syntax for the VERIFY command is as follows: IFU VERIFY [/C] [/D ] You can also use the /C and /D switches. See Save on page 101 for more information.
Appendix E: Using the ICP Flash Utility ● 104 Updating the Flash Using the IFU Command Line 1 Create the firmware floppy disks (see page 100). 2 Power off your computer, insert the first IFU floppy disk, then power on your computer. If your computer isn’t set up to boot from the bootable floppy disk, enter the system setup utility to change the setting.
Safety Information F To ensure your personal safety and the safety of your equipment: ● Keep your work area and the computer clean and clear of debris. ● Before opening the system cabinet, unplug the power cord. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) ! Caution: ESD can damage electronic components when they are improperly handled, and can result in total or intermittent failures. Always follow ESD-prevention procedures when removing and replacing components.
Technical Specifications G In this appendix... Environmental Specifications.............................................................................................. 107 DC Power Requirements...................................................................................................... 107 Current Requirements..........................................................................................................
Appendix G: Technical Specifications Environmental Specifications Ambient temperature without battery backup module 0 °C to 50 ° C Relative humidity 10% to 90%, noncondensing Altitude Up to 3,000 meters ICP Model Requirement ICP5085AU Forced airflow recommended but not required ICP5445AU Forced airflow recommended but not required ICP9014RO/ICP9024RO Forced airflow recommended but not required ICP9047MA/ICP9087MA Forced airflow recommended but not required ICP9085LI Forced airflow of 400 lfm
Index A ACU arrays 41 creating arrays 41, 80 creating bootable arrays 81 initializing disk drives 81 managing arrays 81 rescanning disk drives 81 secure erasing disk drives 82 stopping a secure erase 82 ACU for DOS 87 to 97 array definition block keywords 91 creating a floppy disk 88 menus 88 playback mode 89 record mode 90 sample scripts 96 script file syntax 90 scripts 89 switches 89 Adaptec RAID Controller Configuration utility. See ARCCONF adapters.
Index command line utility 57 contents of controller kit 14 Controller SCSI Channel ID setting 85 Controller SCSI Channel Termination setting 85 controllers Alarm Control setting 83 Array Background Consistency Check setting 83 Array-based BBS Support setting 83 array-level features 17 Automatic Failover setting 83 BBS Support setting 83 cables 30 CD-ROM Boot Support setting 83 connecting external devices 38 data protection 17 descriptions 16 to 26 disk drives 29 Drive’s Write Cache setting 83 event log 86
Index firmware 99 creating floppy disks 100 firmware upgrades 18 flashing controllers 62 floppy disks for firmware update 100 formatting disk drives 86 FreeBSD driver installation 55 OS installation 50 H hard disk, hard disk drive, hard drive. See disk drive hot spares 17 HotspareDrives keyword array definition block 92 I ICP Flash Utility.
Index RAID 0 71 RAID 1 72 RAID 10 73 RAID 1E 17, 72 RAID 5 74 RAID 50 76 RAID 5EE 17, 75 RAID 6 17, 77 RAID 60 18, 77 RAID controllers. See controllers RAID levels 28 record mode 90 recovering from disk drive failure 60 Red Hat driver installation 53 OS installation 47 Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
Index opening 82 Serial ATA. See SATA Serial Attached SCSI. See SAS SerialSelect 82 Small Computer System Interface.
ICP vortex Computersysteme GmbH Konrad-Zuse-Str.9 74172 Neckarsulm Germany ©2005-2006 Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved. Adaptec and the Adaptec logo are trademarks of Adaptec, Inc. which may be registered in some jurisdictions. Part Number: CDP-00166-01-A, Rev.
