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Adaptec, Inc. 691 South Milpitas Boulevard Milpitas, CA 95035 Copyright © 1994, Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved. Adaptec and the Adaptec logo are registered trademarks of Adaptec, Inc. Printed in Singapore STOCK NO.: 510600-00, Rev. A KL 8/94 A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA A AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide A AA A A Stock Number: 510600-00, Rev.
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Copyright Copyright © 1994 Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Adaptec, Inc., 691 South Milpitas Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035. Trademarks Adaptec, AHA, and the Adaptec logo are registered trademarks of Adaptec, Inc. EZ-SCSI, PhaseEngine, and SCSISelect are trademarks of Adaptec, Inc.
Ordering Software and Cables To order Adaptec software and SCSI cables, call 800-442-SCSI (7274), M–F: 6:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time. If you are calling from outside the U.S. and Canada, the number is 408-957-SCSI (7274). Literature Hotline To request additional documentation for Adaptec products, call 800-934-2766, M–F: 5:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., Pacific Time.
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▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ Table of Contents Preface Inside This Document xi Conventions xii Advisories xiii 1 Introduction About This Chapter 1-1 Host Adapter Overview 1-3 Product Features 1-3 PCI Bus Interface 1-4 Fast Data Transfer Rates 1-5 AHA-3940 1-5 AHA-3940W 1-5 Maximum Offloading of the Host CPU 1-5 Disk Array Support 1-5 Fast SCSI-2 Implementation 1-5 Multiple Device Support 1-6 Operating System Support 1-6 DOS/Windows 1-6 Adaptec EZ-SCSI 1-7 Other Operating Systems 1-8 Support and Information Services 1-8 2 Ins
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Connecting Internal SCSI Devices 2-8 Connecting External SCSI Devices 2-11 Terminating the SCSI Bus 2-13 Terminating SCSI Devices 2-13 Terminating the Host Adapter 2-13 Terminating SCSI Channel A 2-14 Terminating SCSI Channel B 2-15 Setting SCSI IDs 2-15 SCSI Bus Activity LED Connector 2-16 Completing Installation 2-17 Running the Computer’s Setup Program 2-18 3 Configuring Your Host Adapter About This Chapter 3-1 The SCSISelect Configuration Utility 3-3 Default Configuration S
Table of Contents Disk Drive Configuration Problems 4-6 Booting the Computer from a SCSI Drive 4-6 Using a Standard Drive as C and a SCSI Drive as D 4-7 Using SCSI Drives as C and D 4-8 Computer Hangs, or Channel Cannot Always Find the Drives 4-8 Other Problems and Solutions 4-9 A Multiple Computer Configuration About This Appendix A-1 Overview A-3 Restrictions and Requirements A-4 B Optimizing Performance About This Appendix B-1 Performance Tips B-3 Enabling Synchronous Negotiation B-3 Disabling the Cha
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▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ List of Figures Figure 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 AHA-3940 Layout 2-4 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 Connecting a Second Internal SCSI Device 2-10 2-13 2-14 Host Adapter Termination on SCSI Channel B 2-15 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 BIOS Banner 3-4 3-7 3-8 SCSI Parity Checking Selection 3-10 AHA-3940W Layout 2-4 Inserting the Host Adapter 2-6 50-pin-to-68-pin Converter 2-8 Internal SCSI Ribbon Cable to Host Adapter 2-9 Internal SCSI Ribbon Cable to Internal SCSI Device 2-10 External Cable to Host
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Figure 3-9 SCSI Device Configuration Screen for AHA-3940 3-12 3-10 SCSI Device Configuration Screen for AHA-3940W 3-12 3-11 3-12 3-13 Advanced Configuration Options Screen 3-16 A-1 SCSI Devices Shared by Two Computers A-3 SCSI Disk Utilities Screen for AHA-3940 3-19 SCSI Disk Utilities Screen for AHA-3940W 3-19 x A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA A AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide A AA A A Stock Number: 510600-00, Rev.
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ Preface Inside This Document This document provides information on how to install, configure, and troubleshoot AHA®-3940 and AHA-3940W SCSI-to-PCI MultiChannel host adapters. Chapter 1 Introduction provides general information about the features of AHA-3940/3940W host adapters. Chapter 2 Installing Your Host Adapter and SCSI Devices explains how to physically install the host adapter, including connecting the SCSI cables.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Appendix C Support for Large Disk Drives describes Adaptec’s extended BIOS translation feature, which allows you to use SCSI disk drives as large as 8 GBytes. Conventions The following typographic conventions are used in this User's Guide: bold Used for keystrokes (… press the Enter key …) and screen selection fields (… select Advanced Configuration Options …). Helvetica Used for operator entry that must be typed exactly as shown (… device=c:\scsi\aspi7dos.
Preface Advisories Advisories are quick notes that stress an important point or warn of a potential hazard to the system, data, or the user. This document uses three kinds of advisories: Note: Text set off in this way presents reminders, tips, or suggestions that may simplify the assembly and use of the host adapter. Caution: Failure to observe this type of advisory could result in damage to your system, devices, or data. WARNING: Failure to observe this type of advisory could result in personal injury.
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▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ 1 Introduction About This Chapter Read this chapter to find out ■ General information about AHA-3940/ 3940W host adapters ■ Product features of AHA-3940/3940W host adapters ■ Where to call if you need customer support 1-1 A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA A AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide A AA A A Stock Number: 510600-00, Rev.
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Introduction ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ 1 Host Adapter Overview Adaptec’s AHA-3940 and AHA-3940W MultiChannel host adapters are designed for use in computers that have 5-volt Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) interface slots.1 PCI is a local bus interface that enables high-speed data transfer. Each AHA-3940 and AHA-3940W MultiChannel host adapter has two SCSI channels, each of which functions as an independent host adapter.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide minimize your computer ’s microprocessor overhead by transferring data into system memory without involving the computer’s CPU. The onboard AHA-3940/3940W PhaseEngine® sequencer independently manages data transfer between SCSI devices and the computer’s memory without involving the host microprocessor. The PhaseEngine enables the best data transfer performance available in multitasking operating systems.
Introduction Fast Data Transfer Rates AHA-3940 ■ Up to 20.0 MBytes/sec synchronous data rate for two Fast 8-bit SCSI channels ■ Up to 6.0 MBytes/sec asynchronous SCSI data rate for each of the two SCSI channels AHA-3940W ■ Up to 40.0 MBytes/sec synchronous data rate for two Fast 16-bit SCSI channels ■ Up to 12.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide ■ Uses the superior SCSI-2 (Alternative 1) external connector and standard internal ribbon connector ■ Tagged Queuing support ■ SCSI termination power-down control ■ Support for multiple logical units ■ Parity handling in Data, Message, Status, Selection/ Reselection, and Command phases ■ Active negation Multiple Device Support ■ AHA-3940 supports up to seven SCSI devices per channel (14 devices total) ■ AHA-3940W supports up to 15 SCSI devices per channel (30 dev
Introduction ■ Support devices other than CD-ROM drives and disk drives— for example, SCSI tape drives, scanners, plotters, or WORM drives Adaptec EZ-SCSI Adaptec EZ-SCSI is a menu-driven software package that installs drivers and configures your DOS/Windows operating environment automatically.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Other Operating Systems AHA-3940/3940W host adapters support the Novell® NetWare®, OS/2, Windows NT, SCO® UNIX®, and USL UNIX (Unixware) operating systems. Contact Adaptec or your operating system vendor for information on operating system support. Support and Information Services AHA-3940/3940W host adapters are designed for easy installation and use. We have tried to make this document and our other documentation complete and clear.
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ 2 Installing Your Host Adapter and SCSI Devices About This Chapter Read this chapter to find out ■ How to identify major components on AHA-3940/3940W host adapters ■ How to install AHA-3940/3940W host adapters in your computer ■ How to connect devices ■ How to terminate the SCSI bus 2-1 A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA A AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide A AA A A Stock Number: 510600-00, Rev.
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Installing Your Host Adapter and SCSI Devices ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ 2 Overview This chapter explains how to physically install AHA-3940/3940W host adapters in your computer and connect SCSI devices. You may need to run your computer’s Setup program as part of the installation process. See Running the Computer’s Setup Program on page 2-18 for more information.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Host Adapter Layout Figures 2-1 identifies the major AHA-3940 components. Figure 2-2 identifies the major AHA-3940W components. The following table describes these components. J6 J1 J2 J3 J5 J4 Figure 2-1. AHA-3940 Layout J6 J1 J2 J3 J5 J4 Figure 2-2.
Installing Your Host Adapter and SCSI Devices Inserting the Host Adapter in a PCI Slot WARNING: Be sure the power is turned OFF before you continue. Also, ground yourself by touching an unpainted surface on the computer chassis before you open the computer case. 1 2 Remove the cover from the computer case. Carefully remove the host adapter from the antistatic bag. Place it on top of the bag if you need to set it down.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide 5 Position the host adapter directly over the PCI slot and insert the end of the board in the card guide. Carefully press the bus connector on the bottom of the host adapter down into the slot, as shown in Figure 2-3. Be sure the metal contacts on the bottom of the host adapter are securely seated in the slot. Figure 2-3.
Installing Your Host Adapter and SCSI Devices Connecting SCSI Cables and Devices Choosing SCSI Cables Always use high-quality SCSI cables to connect the host adapter to devices on the SCSI bus. Poor-quality cables can cause data corruption, parity errors, and other problems. High-quality cabling is especially critical if you use Fast SCSI data transfer rates. The round cables used for external SCSI devices vary widely in quality and electrical characteristics.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Connecting Internal SCSI Devices Read the device documentation if you need to physically install a SCSI device inside your computer before attaching the cables. To connect internal SCSI devices to an AHA-3940/3940W host adapter, you need the following: ■ A 50-connector SCSI ribbon cable with a 50-pin connector for the AHA-3940 host adapter. (Or two cables if you are using both internal SCSI connectors.
Installing Your Host Adapter and SCSI Devices Follow these steps to connect internal SCSI devices: 1 Plug the SCSI connector at one end of the SCSI ribbon cable into one of the host adapter ’s internal SCSI connectors, as shown in Figure 2-5. Colored Stripe SCSI Ribbon Cable 1 Pin 1 Internal SCSI Connector Figure 2-5. Internal SCSI Ribbon Cable to Host Adapter The colored stripe on one side of the ribbon cable must line up with the number 1 printed on the host adapter beneath the connector.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide 2 Plug the last connector on the ribbon cable into the SCSI connector on the internal SCSI device, as shown in Figure 2-6. Pin 1 Colored Stripe Internal SCSI Device Figure 2-6. Internal SCSI Ribbon Cable to Internal SCSI Device 3 To connect a second internal SCSI device, plug the middle connector of the SCSI ribbon cable into the SCSI connector on the second internal SCSI device, as shown in Figure 2-7.
Installing Your Host Adapter and SCSI Devices 5 If you are using both internal SCSI connectors, connect the other 8-bit or 16-bit internal devices, as needed. You must use a converter if you are connecting 8-bit SCSI devices to a Wide SCSI 68-pin cable. Connecting External SCSI Devices You can daisy chain up to seven external SCSI devices to Channel A of the AHA-3940 and up to fifteen external SCSI devices to Channel A of the AHA-3940W.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide 2 Attach the connector at the other end of the external cable to either one of the SCSI connectors on the external SCSI device, as shown in Figure 2-9. External SCSI Cable External SCSI Device Figure 2-9. External Cable to External SCSI Device 3 To connect other external SCSI devices, daisy chain each device to the previous device until all external SCSI devices have been connected, as shown in Figure 2-10. External SCSI Cables Figure 2-10.
Installing Your Host Adapter and SCSI Devices Terminating the SCSI Bus SCSI termination must be enabled on the first and last physical devices on SCSI Channels A and B of your AHA-3940/3940W host adapter; otherwise, the devices will not operate properly. You may need to change the termination setting on some SCSI devices when you install them.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Terminating SCSI Channel A SCSI Channel A has an external connector and an internal connector, as shown in Figures 2-1 and 2-2 on page 2-4. You can attach SCSI devices to one of the two connectors or to both connectors. ■ Leave the host adapter termination at the default setting (Enabled) if you attach SCSI devices to only one of the two Channel A connectors, as shown in Figure 2-11. Always connect the host adapter to the end of the internal cable.
Installing Your Host Adapter and SCSI Devices Terminating SCSI Channel B SCSI Channel B has an internal connector and no external connector. The host adapter should always be at the end of the cable when you attach internal SCSI devices to Channel B. Therefore, host adapter termination for Channel B should always be enabled, as shown in Figure 2-13. Host Adapter Termination Enabled Termination Enabled No Termination Figure 2-13.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide To determine the SCSI IDs of disk drives, CD-ROM drives, and other devices, read their documentation and examine their switch settings or jumper settings. 2 Change the SCSI IDs (if needed) so that no IDs are duplicated on the same SCSI channel and each device has an appropriate ID. If you plan to boot your computer from a SCSI hard disk drive, assign SCSI ID 0 to this drive. Assign SCSI ID 1 to the second SCSI hard disk drive, if you have one.
Installing Your Host Adapter and SCSI Devices 2 Connect the LED cable to the SCSI activity LED connector on the host adapter, as shown in Figure 2-14. LED Cable Pin 1 1 LED Connector J3 Figure 2-14. SCSI LED Connector If the computer has a two-position LED cable, connect it to pins 1 and 2 of the LED connector.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Complete these steps to finish the installation process: 1 2 Replace and secure the cover of the computer case. 3 4 Turn ON the power to all devices. Reconnect the power cords to all external SCSI devices and the computer. Boot the computer. If you need to change the configuration of the host adapter or SCSI devices, follow the directions in Chapter 3, Configuring Your Host Adapter. If you encounter any problems during installation, see Chapter 4, Troubleshooting.
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ 3 Configuring Your Host Adapter About This Chapter Read this chapter to find out ■ The default configuration settings for the channels on your AHA-3940/3940W host adapter ■ When and how to change the configuration of the channels with the SCSISelect utility ■ How to use the SCSISelect SCSI disk utilities ■ How to configure multiple host adapters 3-1 A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA A AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide A AA A A Stock Number: 510600-00, Rev.
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Configuring Your Host Adapter ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ 3 The SCSISelect Configuration Utility AHA-3940/3940W host adapters include an onboard SCSISelect configuration utility that lets you change host adapter settings without opening the computer or handling the host adapter. SCSISelect also provides utilities for formatting SCSI disk devices and scanning them for defects. Default Configuration Settings This table lists the settings you can change with SCSISelect and the default value for each setting.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide When to Use SCSISelect Use SCSISelect if you need to ■ Change any of the default values listed on page 3-3 ■ Check or change SCSI device settings that may conflict with those of other devices (e.g., SCSI ID) ■ Perform low-level formatting on new SCSI disk devices Starting SCSISelect There are two ways to start SCSISelect: ■ Press Ctrl+A when the BIOS banner appears during bootup, as shown in Figure 3-1. Adaptec AHA-3940/3940W BIOS v1.00 (c) 1994 Adaptec, Inc.
Configuring Your Host Adapter Selecting a SCSI Channel Each AHA-3940/3940W host adapter has two SCSI channels. Each channel operates independently and must be configured separately in SCSISelect. The first SCSISelect screen allows you to select either Channel A or Channel B, as shown in Figure 3-2. Press the ↑ and ↓ keys to highlight the channel you want to configure, then press Enter to select it. Adaptec AHA-3940/3940W SCSISelect(TM) You have more than one SCSI channel in your system.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide After you select the channel, the SCSISelect Options menu appears, as shown in Figure 3-3. Adaptec AHA-3940/3940W SCSISelect(TM) Utility v1.00 AHA-3940/3940W at Bus:Channel 01:A Would you like to configure the PCI device or run the SCSI disk utilities? Select the option and press . Press to switch between color and monochrome modes.
Configuring Your Host Adapter Configure/View Host Adapter Settings Select Configure/View Host Adapter Settings from the Options menu to view the Configuration menu. As shown in Figure 3-4, the menu lists the following selections under SCSI Channel Interface Definitions: ■ Host Adapter SCSI ID: Change the SCSI ID of the channel from its default ID of 7. ■ SCSI Parity Checking: Enable or disable parity checking. ■ Host Adapter SCSI Termination: Enable or disable channel termination.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide The Configuration menu has the following additional options for advanced users: ■ SCSI Device Configuration: Specify for each SCSI device the maximum synchronous transfer rate, use of the Start Unit command, and other criteria. ■ Advanced Configuration Options: Select advanced options for configuring the channel. See SCSI Device Configuration on page 3-12 and Advanced Configuration Options on page 3-16 for information on these selections.
Configuring Your Host Adapter Figure 3-6 shows the available IDs (0 through 15) for each channel on the AHA-3940W. The default ID for each channel for both models is 7, which has the highest priority on the SCSI bus. We recommend that you keep this setting. Adaptec AHA-3940/3940W SCSISelect(TM) Utility v1.00 0 AHA-3940/3940W 1at Bus:Channel 01:A Configuration 2 3 SCSI Channel Interface Definitions 7 4 Host Adapter SCSI ID ........................................ 5 SCSI Parity Checking ..................
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide SCSI Parity Checking Select this option to enable or disable SCSI parity checking on the channel. The default setting is Enabled. When reading from the SCSI bus, the channel always checks parity to verify the correct transmission of data from your SCSI devices. Disable SCSI Parity Checking if any attached SCSI devices do not support SCSI parity. Most currently available SCSI devices support SCSI parity.
Configuring Your Host Adapter Host Adapter SCSI Termination The default host adapter termination setting for SCSI channels Channels A and B is Enabled. You must disable termination for Channel A if you attach SCSI devices to both the internal and external connectors of Channel A.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide SCSI Device Configuration This option allows you to configure certain parameters of each SCSI device on the SCSI bus. When you choose this option, a screen similar to Figure 3-9 appears if you have an AHA-3940. If you have an AHA-3940W, a screen similar to Figure 3-10 appears. Adaptec AHA-3940/3940W SCSISelect(TM) Utility v1.00 AHA-3940/3940W at Bus:Channel 01:A Configuration SCSI Channel Interface Definitions Device Configuration 7 Host Adapter SCSISCSI ID ..................
Configuring Your Host Adapter The screen shows a column of information for each SCSI ID, even if some SCSI IDs are not assigned to a device. To configure a specific SCSI device, you need to know its SCSI ID. See SCSI Disk Utilities on page 3-19 to learn how to determine the SCSI ID for each device. To change a setting, use the arrow keys (↑↓) to highlight the setting, then press Enter to display a pop-up menu of allowable settings.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide In most cases, you can use the maximum value of 10.0. If the channel is set not to negotiate for synchronous data transfer (i.e., Initiate Sync Negotiation is set to no), then the value selected here is the maximum rate that the channel accepts from the device during negotiation. (This is standard SCSI protocol.) Note: Some older SCSI-1 devices do not support Fast SCSI data transfer rates (10.0, 8.0, and 6.7).
Configuring Your Host Adapter Send Start Unit Command This option, which is supported by some SCSI devices, determines whether the channel sends the Start Unit command (SCSI command 1B) to the SCSI device (most devices do not require this). Enabling this option reduces the load on your computer’s power supply by allowing the channel to turn on SCSI devices one-at-a-time when the computer boots. Otherwise, all SCSI devices turn on at the same time.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide drive it finds on Channel A. (The BIOS always scans Channel A first.) Note: The Include in BIOS Scan setting is valid only if the channel BIOS is enabled. Advanced Configuration Options When you select Advanced Configuration Options, a screen similar to Figure 3-11 appears. Do not change these five settings unless you fully understand what they mean. Adaptec AHA-3940/3940W SCSISelect(TM) Utility v1.
Configuring Your Host Adapter Channel BIOS This setting enables or disables the host adapter BIOS. The default setting is Enabled. Each AHA-3940/3940W host adapter has one BIOS, which operates on both SCSI channels. The BIOS must be enabled if you want the computer to boot from a SCSI hard disk drive connected to either channel of the host adapter. Several SCSISelect options are only valid if the host adapter BIOS is enabled, as noted in the table on page 3-3.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Extended BIOS Translation for DOS Drives > 1 GByte This setting enables or disables extended translation for SCSI hard disks with a capacity greater than 1 GByte. The setting is valid only if the channel BIOS is enabled. The default setting is Enabled. If this option is enabled, the following translation schemes are used: ■ ■ SCSI hard disks ≤ 1 GByte use a translation scheme of 64 heads, 32 sectors per track.
Configuring Your Host Adapter SCSI Disk Utilities When you select SCSI Disk Utilities from the Options menu, SCSISelect scans the SCSI bus and lists all installed SCSI devices. If you have an AHA-3940, a screen similar to Figure 3-12 appears. Adaptec AHA-3940/3940W SCSISelect(TM) Utility v1.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide If you select a device, a small menu window appears. You can select Format Disk or Verify Media from this menu. Use the arrow keys (↑↓) to highlight the option, then press Enter to display a pop-up menu with a selection of values. Format Disk The Format Disk utility performs a low-level format on disk devices. Your fixed disk media must be low-level formatted before you can use your operating system’s partitioning and file preparation utilities, such as MS-DOS fdisk and format.
Configuring Your Host Adapter Configuring Multiple Host Adapters Follow these instructions if your computer has multiple host adapters: ■ If you want your computer to boot from a SCSI drive, install the host adapter to which this drive is connected in the lowest PCI Device number. The Device number is determined by the slot number on the PCI bus. Refer to your computer documentation to learn how to determine the PCI slot number and slot number order.
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▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ 4 Troubleshooting About This Chapter Read this chapter to find out ■ How to diagnose problems that may occur when you install an AHA-3940/3940W host adapter in your computer ■ How to fix these problems 4-1 A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA A AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide A AA A A Stock Number: 510600-00, Rev.
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Troubleshooting ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ 4 SCSI Troubleshooting Checklist AHA-3940/3940W host adapters have been tested for compatibility with a wide range of SCSI devices. Most problems that occur during installation result from errors in preparing and connecting devices on the SCSI bus. If you need more assistance after reading this troubleshooting information, see Adaptec Technical Support on page ii.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide BIOS Startup Messages After you install your host adapter, the host adapter BIOS displays a message when you boot your computer. Normally, this message lists the SCSI ID, manufacturer, model number, and other information for each SCSI device that the BIOS detects. If initialization fails, however, the host adapter BIOS displays a specific error message followed by a BIOS Installation Failure message.
Troubleshooting Device connected, but not ready. This message appears if the channel receives no answer when it requests data from an installed SCSI device. The channel skips this device and moves on to the next device on the bus. Do the following if you see this message when you request data from a SCSI drive: 1 Run SCSISelect and access SCSI Device Configuration. Locate the channel’s SCSI ID and set Send Start Unit Command to yes. 2 Exit SCSISelect and request data from the drive again.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Disk Drive Configuration Problems This section describes situations that may occur if your computer has multiple disk drives, including combinations of standard disk drives1 and SCSI disk drives. Standard hard disk drives can be set to installed or not installed by the Setup program supplied with the host computer. The Setup program allows you to select the number of standard hard disks that are recognized by the computer, regardless of whether they are physically installed.
Troubleshooting ■ Be sure to cycle the power OFF and ON after changing any values on a channel, in a Setup program, or on a SCSI device. This ensures that the new initial values are loaded. ■ Be sure that the SCSI bus is properly terminated. See Terminating the SCSI Bus on page 2-13. ■ Be sure that the intended boot disk has an active DOS partition and has been formatted. Run the Format Disk utility accessible through SCSISelect.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Using SCSI Drives as C and D ■ Make sure your computer's CMOS Setup program is set to No Drives Installed, as is required for SCSI host adapters. ■ Be sure that the SCSI drive to be used as drive C is set to SCSI ID 0. Check the disk drive manual to learn how to set the drive’s SCSI ID. You can also use SCSISelect to determine the SCSI addresses of peripherals on the SCSI bus, as described on page 3-19. ■ Set the SCSI drive to be used as drive D to SCSI ID 1.
Troubleshooting Other Problems and Solutions The screen is difficult to read when I run SCSISelect. Press F5 to toggle the display between color and monochrome modes. This may make it easier for you to read the screen. When I tried to use the format/verify utility on a disk device, I got an Unexpected SCSI Command Failure pop-up box with a lot of error information. What does this mean? This probably means that the utility encountered a problem with the disk device or the media and therefore cannot run.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide format of this device; however, the device may already be lowlevel formatted by the manufacturer. (This error rarely occurs.) ■ 06h - Unit attention The removable media may be write-protected. Disable write protection and run the utility again. The Additional Sense Code field provides more information about the error. The meaning of these codes may be listed in your hardware manual. My computer locks up when I press Esc to exit SCSISelect.
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ A Multiple Computer Configuration About This Appendix Read this appendix to find out ■ How to configure an AHA-3940/3940W host adapter for use on a SCSI bus with two computers A-1 A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA A AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide A AA A A Stock Number: 510600-00, Rev.
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Multiple Computer Configuration ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ A Overview Normally your AHA-3940/3940W SCSI bus configuration includes one host adapter installed in one computer, with one or more internal and/or external SCSI devices attached to each channel on the host adapter. However, you can make it possible for two computers to share SCSI devices without changing the cable configuration every time one or the other computer needs to access the devices.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Only one computer can be turned on at any one time, and that computer can then access the devices. The host adapter in the other computer acts as a terminator at one end of the SCSI bus. There are certain restrictions to this arrangement, as explained below. Restrictions and Requirements ■ You must install a jumper shunt on the J5 (for Channel B) or J6 (for Channel A) termination jumper of your host adapter during installation.
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ B Optimizing Performance About This Appendix Read this appendix to find out ■ How to optimize your computer’s performance after installing the AHA-3940/ 3940W host adapter B-1 A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA A AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide A AA A A Stock Number: 510600-00, Rev.
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Optimizing Performance ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ B Performance Tips These tips will help you take full advantage of the AHA-3940/ 3940W advanced design features. Enabling Synchronous Negotiation Synchronous negotiation is a SCSI feature that allows the SCSI channel and its attached SCSI peripheral devices to negotiate for the transfer of data in synchronous mode on the SCSI bus. Synchronous data transfer is faster than asynchronous data transfer.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Enabling SCSI Parity Checking SCSI parity checking, which is enabled by default, verifies the accuracy of data transfer on the SCSI channel. To use this option most effectively, be sure that it is enabled on each SCSI device, as well as on the SCSI channel. SCSI Parity Checking on page 3-10 explains how to change this setting in SCSISelect. Read the device documentation to learn how to enable parity checking on SCSI devices.
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ C Support for Large Disk Drives About This Appendix Read this appendix to find out ■ About extended translation and the DOS 1 GByte limit ■ When to use the extended translation feature ■ Answers to questions about extended translation C-1 A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA A AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide A AA A A Stock Number: 510600-00, Rev.
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Support for Large Disk Drives ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ C Extended Translation (Using MS-DOS 5.0) Adaptec host adapters have always supported the full range of disk drive capacities under all major operating systems. As disk drives have recently grown beyond 1 GByte in formatted capacity, they have run up against the DOS 1024-cylinder limit. To continue its support for all SCSI disk drive capacities under DOS, Adaptec has included an extended translation scheme for AHA-3940/3940W host adapters.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide When to Use Extended Translation NetWare 386 (versions 3.0 and above) and the newer versions of UNIX do not share the 1024 cylinder limit of DOS and do not require extended translation to support large disk drives. Drives With Mixed Partitions Use standard translation, not extended translation, on drives formatted with two or more partitions for different operating systems. Partitions for UNIX and NetWare can be larger than 1 GByte when using standard translation.
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ Glossary A ASPI Manager Adaptec EZ-SCSI A software program that automatically configures your computer to use the Adaptec SCSI host adapter and SCSI devices connected to it. EZ-SCSI copies applications and device drivers to the computer’s hard disk drive. In nearly every case, the computer and SCSI devices are configured correctly when the default values are accepted. Advanced SCSI Programming Interface See ASPI.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide used to boot and control the computer. Most Adaptec host adapters include an onboard BIOS that initializes the SCSI bus, runs boot-up diagnostics, and performs other functions. BIOS Address The address in computer memory where the host adapter BIOS code is stored when you boot the computer. Bus fer in multitasking operating systems, such as Windows NT and OS/2. Byte An 8-bit unit of data.
Glossary Conventional Memory The first 640 KBytes of computer memory. DOS uses this memory area to run software applications. CPU Central Processing Unit. The microprocessor chip that provides the actual computational power of a computer. The 80386 and 80486 are widely used types of CPUs. Cylinder A pair of tracks that lie over each other on the opposite sides of a disk. The heads in a disk device can write data to the tracks in a cylinder without moving.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide DOS Partition EISA A section of a disk storage device, created by the DOS fdisk program, in which data and/or software programs are stored. Computers have a primary DOS partition that contains the special files needed to boot the computer. A computer's disk devices may also have extended DOS partitions. Each DOS partition is assigned a unique drive letter, such as C or D. A single disk device can have multiple partitions. Extended Industry Standard Architecture.
Glossary F Host Fast SCSI A SCSI standard that allows data to be transferred at up to 10 MBytes/sec on an 8-bit SCSI bus and up to 20 MBytes/sec on a 16-bit (Wide) SCSI bus. The Fast SCSI bus is limited to 3 meters of cable. FIFO First In/First Out. An integrated circuit that buffers data in such a manner that each byte placed in the buffer is removed from the buffer in the same order. Firmware A computer chip on which is embedded special permanent codes or software.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide Initiator A SCSI device that requests an operation to be performed by another SCSI device (the target). The initiator provides all the command information and parameters required to perform the operation, but the target carries out the details of the operation. The host adapter is usually called the initiator; other devices on the SCSI bus, such as disk drives, are called SCSI targets.
Glossary LUN multiple programs or portions of programs may be operating in parallel. See Logical Unit Number. Multithreaded I/O LU See Logical Unit. M Manager See ASPI Manager. MByte Megabyte. A measure of computer storage. One MByte equals 1,048,576 bytes. (A byte is the amount of storage needed to hold one character.) Motherboard The main printed circuit board in a computer. The motherboard normally contains the computer’s CPU, memory chips, expansion bus, and other important components.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide should be odd, or vice-versa, data has been corrupted and an error message appears. See DOS Partition. transactions from the host CPU and greatly increases the speed of SCSI command processing by independently handling these transactions. PCI Pin-1 Orientation Peripheral Component Interconnect. A local bus technology that allows SCSI host adapters, video cards, and other peripherals to send data directly to and receive data directly from the computer’s CPU.
Glossary Programmed Input/Output A method of data transfer in which the host microprocessor transfers data to and from memory. PIO enables very fast data transfer rates, especially in single-tasking operating systems like DOS. R RAM Random Access Memory. Memory of which any byte can be accessed directly in a single memory cycle. Information can be read from and written to the memory.
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide attached to a SCSI bus cable. The device may be an initiator, a target, or capable of both types of operation. SCSI ID A unique identifier assigned to SCSI devices that enables them to communicate with a computer when they are attached to a host adapter via the SCSI bus. Each SCSI host adapter board has eight available SCSI IDs with the numbers 0 through 7 (or 0 through 15 for Wide SCSI adapters).
Glossary Termination A physical requirement of the SCSI bus. The devices at the physical ends of the SCSI bus must have terminating resistors either installed or enabled; devices in the middle of the bus must have terminating resistors either removed or disabled. Proper termination allows electrical signals to be transmitted reliably on the SCSI bus. U UMB See Upper Memory Block. computer you can load software programs such as Adaptec’s ASPI managers and ASPI modules in upper memory blocks.
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▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ Index A support for more than two drives 1-6, 3-3, 3-18, C-4 Active Termination A-4 Adaptec EZ-SCSI 1-7 Adaptec Services information 1-8 support 1-8 Advanced Configuration Options 3-16 Advisories xiii AHA-3940/3940W applications support 1-6 default values 3-3 explanation of 1-3 features 1-3–1-6 jumper A-4 multiple computer configuration A-3 multiple device support 1-6 multiple host adapters 3-5, 3-21 termination 3-11 ASPI Manager 1-7 Asynchronous Data Transfer 3-13 Booting with multiple host ad
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide E I Enable Disconnection 3-3, 3-14, B-4 Extended Translation 3-3, 3-18, 4-4, C-3, C-4 External SCSI Device using with multiple computers A-4 EZ-SCSI see Adaptec EZ-SCSI I/O Operating Environment 1-6 F Internal SCSI Device, Installing 2-8 Fast SCSI 3-14 Fast SCSI-2 1-5 Fdisk Utility C-4 Format low-level 3-20 Format Disk Utility 3-20 Formatting Conventions xii J I/O, Multithreaded 1-4 ID See SCSI ID Information Services 1-8 Initiate Sync Negotiation 3-3, 3-13, B-3 Installa
Index P Parity Checking 3-3, 3-10, B-4 Partitions 4-7, C-4 PCI Bus automatic configuration 2-18 interface 1-4 PCI Slot configuration parameters 2-18 Performance Tips B-3 PhaseEngine 1-4, 1-5 Pin-1 Orientation 2-9, 4-10 R Removable Disk Drive 1-6, 3-3, 3-17, 4-10 Removable Media, Booting from 3-17 Reset at IC Initialization 3-16 S Scatter/Gather 1-4 SCO UNIX 1-8 SCSI differential devices 2-7 single-ended devices 2-7 SCSI Bus disconnect/reconnect 3-14 parity checking 3-10, B-4 reset at host adapter initial
AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide U USL UNIX 1-8 Utilities format disk 3-20, 4-4 verify disk media 3-20 V Verify Disk Media 3-20 W Wide Negotiation 3-3 Windows 1-6 Windows NT 1-8 ❒ Index-4 A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA A AHA-3940/3940W User’s Guide A AA A A Stock Number: 510600-00, Rev.
